PHYSICS QUESTIONS XI : 14TH OCTOBER ( GRAVITATION, SYSTEM OF PARTICLES, WORK-ENERGY-POWER)

Any 25 questions

1. The gravitational potential due to the earth at infinite distance from it is zero. Let
the gravitational potential at a point P be −5 J / kg . Suppose, we arbitrarily assume
the gravitational potential at infinity to be + 10 J / kg , then the gravitational
potential at P will be
(a) −5 J / kg (b) +5 J / kg (c) −15 J / kg (d) +15 J / kg
2. An infinite number of point masses each equal to m are placed at x =1. x = 2,
x = 4, x = 8 ……… What is the total gravitational potential at x = 0
(a) − Gm (b) −2Gm (c) − 4 Gm (d) − 8Gm

3. Energy required to move a body of mass m from an orbit of radius 2R to 3 R is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

GMm GMm GMm GMm
12R 2 3R 2 8R 6R

4. Three particles each of mass 100 gm are brought from a very large distance to
the vertices of an equilateral triangle whose side is 20 cm in length. The work
done will be
(a) 0.33 × 10 −11 Joule (b) − 0.33 × 10 −11 Joule (c) 1.00 × 10 −11 Joule (d) − 1.00 × 10 −11 Joule

5. For a satellite escape velocity is 11 km / s . If the satellite is launched at an angle of

60 o with the vertical, then escape velocity will be

(a) 11 km / s (b) 11 3 km / s (c) (d) 33 km / s

11
km / s
3

6. If the radius of earth reduces by 4% and density remains same then escape
velocity will
(a) Reduce by 2% (b) Increase by 2% (c)Reduce by 4% (d) Increase by 4%

7. A body of mass m is situated at a distance 4 Re above the earth’s surface, where

Re is the radius of earth. How much minimum energy be given to the body so
that it may escape
(a) mgR e (b) 2mgR e (c) (d)
mgR e mgR e
5 16
8. A satellite A of mass m is at a distance of r from the centre of the earth.
Another satellite B of mass 2m is at distance of 2r from the earth’s centre. Their
time periods are in the ratio of
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 16 (c) 1 : 32 (d) 1 : 2 2

9. A satellite is moving around the earth with speed v in a circular orbit of radius r.
If the orbit radius is decreased by 1%, its speed will
(a) Increase by 1%(b) Increase by 0.5%(c)Decrease by 1% (d) Decrease by 0.5%

10. A satellite is revolving round the earth in circular orbit at some height above

surface of earth. It takes 5.26 × 10 3 seconds to complete a revolution while its

centripetal acceleration is 9.92 m / s2 . Height of satellite above surface of earth is

(Radius of earth 6.37 × 10 6 m )

(a) 70 km (b) 120 km (c) 170 km (d) 220 km

11. The orbital angular momentum of a satellite revolving at a distance r from the
centre is L. If the distance is increased to 16r, then new angular momentum will
be

(a) 16 L (b) 64 L (c) (d) 4 L

L
4

12. The diagram showing the variation of gravitational potential of earth with distance

from the centre of earth is

V V V V

r=R r=R r=R

O O O O
r r r r
(a) (b) (c) (d)

13. A body is projected with a velocity 2v e , where v e is the escape velocity. Its
velocity when it escapes the gravitational field of the earth is
(a) 7v e (b) 5v e (c) 3v e (d) ve
 
14. A position dependent force F = (7 − 2 x + 3 x 2 ) N acts on a small abject of mass 2 kg
to displace it from x = 0 to x = 5m . The work done in joule is
(a) 70 J (b) 270 J (c) 35 J (d) 135 J

15. A particle of mass 0.01 kg travels along a curve with velocity given by 4ˆi + 16kˆ
ms-1. After some time, its velocity becomes 8ˆi + 20 ˆj ms −1 due to the action of a
conservative force. The work done on particle during this interval of time is

(a) 0.32 J (b) 6.9 J (c) 9.6 J (d) 0.96 J

16. A running man has half the kinetic energy of that of a boy of half of his mass.
The man speeds up by 1 m/s so as to have same K.E. as that of boy. The
original speed of the man will be

(a) 2 m / s (b) ( 2 − 1) m / s (c) (d)

1 1
m/ s m/ s
( 2 − 1) 2

17. If the momentum of a body is increased by 100 %, then the percentage increase

in the kinetic energy is

(a) 150 % (b) 200 % (c) 225 % (d) 300 %

18. A particle moves in a potential region given by U = 8 x 2 − 4 x + 400 J. Its state of

equilibrium will be
(a) x = 25 m (b) x = 0.25 m (c) x = 0.025 m (d) x = 2.5 m

19. A long spring is stretched by 2 cm, its potential energy is U. If the spring is
stretched by 10 cm, the potential energy stored in it will be

(a) U / 25 (b) U / 5 (c) 5 U (d) 25 U

20. A stone projected vertically upwards from the ground reaches a maximum height
h. When it is at a height 3h
, the ratio of its kinetic and potential energies is
4
(a) 3 : 4 (b) 1 : 3 (c) 4 : 3 (d) 3 : 1
21. A body of mass m moving with velocity v makes a head-on collision with another

body of mass 2m which is initially at rest. The loss of kinetic energy of the colliding

body (mass m) is

(a) of its initial kinetic energy (b) of its initial kinetic energy
1 1
2 9

(c) of its initial kinetic energy (d) of its initial kinetic energy
8 1
9 4

22. A smooth sphere of mass M moving with velocity u directly collides elastically
with another sphere of mass m at rest. After collision their final velocities are V
and v respectively. The value of v is

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2uM 2um 2u 2u
m M m M
1+ 1+
M m

23. A ball of mass 1kg , moving with a velocity of 0.4m / s collides with another

stationary ball. After the collision, the first ball moves with a velocity of 0.3m / s in

a direction making an angle of 90 o with its initial direction. The momentum of

second ball after collision will be (in kg-m/s)

(a) 0.1 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.7

24. In the above problem the angular velocity of the system after the particle sticks to

it will be

(a) 0.3 rad/s (b) 5.3 rad/s (c) 10.3 rad/s (d) 89.3 rad/s

25. A disc and a ring of same mass are rolling and if their kinetic energies are
equal, then the ratio of their velocities will be
(a) 4 : 3 (b) 3 : 4 (c) 3: 2 (d) 2 : 3

26.
→ →
The angular velocity of a body is ω = 2ˆi + 3ˆj + 4kˆ and a torque τ = ˆi + 2ˆj + 3kˆ acts on
it. The rotational power will be
(a) 20 W (b) 15 W (c) 17 W (d) 14 W

27. A thin uniform circular ring is rolling down an inclined plane of inclination 30°
without slipping. Its linear acceleration along the inclined plane will be
(a) g 2 (b) g 3 (c) g 4 (d) 2g 3
Answer

1. Solution : (b) Potential increases by +10 J / kg every where so it will be

+10 − 5 = +5J / kg at P
 Gm Gm Gm 
2. Solution : (b) Net potential at origin V = − + + + .........
m  m m m
 r1 r2 r3O 
1m
  2m
 1 
1 1 1 1 
= −Gm  + + +  = −Gm   = −2Gm 4m
1 2 4 8  1− 1  8m
 
 2
 GMm   GMm 
3. Solution : (d) Work done = Change in potential energy = U 2 − U1 = −  − − 
 r2   r1 

.
GMm GMm GMm
=− + =
3R 2R 6R
4. Solution : (d) Potential energy of three particles system
m1
Gm1m 2 Gm 2 m 3 Gm1m 3
U=− − −
r12 r23 r13 r r

Given m1 = m 2 = m3 = 100 gm and r12 = r23 = r13 = 2cm

 − 6.67 × 10 −11 × (10 −1) × (10 −1)  m2 m3
 = −1.00 × 10 Joule .
r
∴ U = 3 −11

 20 × 10 − 2 

5. Solution : (a) Escape velocity does not depend upon the angle of projection.
6. Solution : (c) Escape velocity v e ∝ R ρ and if density remains constant v e ∝ R
7. Solution : (c) Potential energy of the body at a distance 4 Re from the surface of earth

[As h = 4 Re (given)]
mgR e mgR e mgR e
U=− =− =−
1 + h / Re 1+ 4 5

So minimum energy required to escape the body will be .

mgR e
5

8. Solution : (d) Time period does not depend upon the mass of satellite, it only depends
upon the orbital radius.
3/2
T1  r1  3/2
According to Kepler's law  r 
.
1
=  =  =
T2  r2   2r  2 2

9. Solution : (b) Orbital velocity v =

Gm
∴ v∝
1
[If r
r r
decreases then v increases]
Percentage change in v = (Percentage change in r) = (1%) = 0.5% ∴ orbital
1 1
2 2
velocity increases by 0.5%.
2πr
10. Solution : (c) Centripetal acceleration (ac ) =
v2
and T =
r v

9.32 × (5.26 × 10 3 ) 2
From equation (i) and (ii) r =
ac T 2
⇒ R+ h =
4π 2 4 ×π 2

h = 6.53 × 10 6 − R = 6.53 × 10 6 − 6.37 × 10 6 = 160 × 10 3 m = 160 km ≈ 170 km .

11. Solution : (d) Angular momentum L = m 2 GMr ∴ L∝ r
L2 r2 16 r
= = =4
L1 r1 r

L 2 = 4 L1 = 4 L

13. Solution : (d)Work done

x2 5
= ∫
x1
F dx = ∫
0
(7 − 2 x + 3 x 2 )dx = [7 x − x 2 + x 3 ] 50 = 35 − 25 + 125 = 135 J

15. Solution : (d) v1 = 4 2 + 16 2 = 272 and v 2 = 8 2 + 20 2 = 464

Work done = Increase in kinetic energy = m[v 22 − v12 ] = × 0.01[ 464 − 272 ] = 0.96 J .
1 1
2 2

16. Solution : (c) Let m = mass of the boy, M = mass of the man, v = velocity of the boy

and V = velocity of the man

 1 1  M  
Initial kinetic energy of man =
1 1 1
MV 2 =  m v 2  =    v 2 
2 2 2  2 2  2  

.....(i)
 M  v2 v
 Asm = 2 given  ⇒ V2 = ⇒V =
  4 2

When the man speeds up by 1 m/s ,

1 1 1M
M (V + 1) 2 = m v 2 =   v 2 ⇒
2 2 2 2 

.....(ii)
v2 v
(V + 1) 2 = ⇒ V +1 =
2 2

From (i) and (ii) we get speed of the man V = m / s.

1
2 −1

17. Solution : (c) ∴ P ∝ m if E = constant . So = .

P1 m1 1 1
P= 2mE = =
P2 m2 9 3

18. Solution : (b) F=−

dU
=−
d
(8 x 2 − 4 x + 400 )
dx dx

19. Solution : (d) Elastic potential energy of a spring U =

1 2
kx ∴U ∝ x2
2
2 2
U2  x2   10 cm 
So
U
=  ⇒ 2 =   ⇒ U 2 = 25 U
U 1  x 1  U  2 cm 

20. Solution : (b)At the maximum height, Total energy = Potential energy = mgh
At the height , Potential energy = mg
3h 3h 3
= mgh
4 4 4
and Kinetic energy = Total energy – Potential energy = mgh − 3
mgh 1
= mgh
4 4
= .
Kinetic energy 1
∴
Potential energy 3

21. Solution : (c)Loss of kinetic energy of the colliding body

2 2 2
∆K  m − m2   m − 2m  1 
∴ Loss of kinetic energy is of
1 8 8
= 1 −  1  = 1 −   = 1 −   ∆K =  1 −  K = K
K  1
m + m 2   m + 2m   
3  9  9 9

its initial kinetic energy.

  m − m1 
22. Solution : (c)Final velocity of the target
2m1u1
v 2 =  2 u 2 +
 m1 + m 2  m 1 + m2

As initially target is at rest so by substituting u 2 = 0 we get v 2 = .

2Mu 2u
=
M +m m
1+
M

23. Solution : (c)Let second ball moves with momentum P making an angle θ from the
horizontal (as shown in the figure). 0.3 m/s
1 kg
1 kgθ ......(i)
By the conservation of horizontal momentum 1 × 0.4 = P cos 0.4
θ
By the conservation of vertical momentum 0.3 = P sinθ Before
......(ii)→
P

From (i) and (ii) we get P = 0.5 kg-m/s

24. Solution: (c) Initial angular momentum of bullet + initial angular momentum of cylinder

= Final angular momentum of (bullet + cylinder) system

⇒ mvr + I 1ω = (I 1 + I 2 )ω '

=  Mr 2 + mr 2 ω ' ⇒ 0.5 × 5 × 0.2 + 0.12 =  2(0.2)2 + (0.5)(0.2)2 ω '

1 1
⇒ mvr + I 1ω
2  2 

∴ ω ' = 10 .3 rad/sec.
 k2   k2 
25. Solution: (a)
1 3 1
K disc = mv d2  1 + 2  = mv d2  As 2 = for disc 
 
2  R  4  R 2 
1  k2   k2 
K ring = mv r  1 + 2  = mv r2  As 2 = 1 for ring
2  R   R 


According to problem K disc = K ring ⇒ .

3 vd 4
mv d2 = mv r2 ⇒ =
4 vr 3

26. Solution: (a) Power (P) = τ . ω = (i + 2ˆj + 3kˆ ) . (2ˆi + 3ˆj + 4kˆ ) = 2 + 6 + 12 = 20 W

27. Solution: (c) a = g sin θ

[As and θ = 30 o ]
g sin 30 o g k2
= = =1
k2 1+1 4 R2
1+
R2