Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

Integration is the inverse process of differentiation. It is used to accumulate quantities and find areas

under curves.

1. Antiderivatives

- An antiderivative of f(x) is a function F(x) such that F'(x) = f(x)

- General antiderivative: F(x) + C, where C is the constant of integration

2. Basic Integration Rules

a. Power Rule:

- integralx^n dx = (x^(n+1))/(n+1) + C, for n != -1

b. Constant Rule:

- integrala dx = a*x + C

c. Sum and Difference:

- integral[f(x) +/- g(x)] dx = integralf(x) dx +/- integralg(x) dx

d. Constant Multiple:

- integrala*f(x) dx = aintegralf(x) dx

3. Common Integrals

- integraldx = x + C

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

- integralx^n dx = x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C

- integrale^x dx = e^x + C

- integrala^x dx = a^x / ln(a) + C

- integral1/x dx = ln|x| + C

- integralsin x dx = -cos x + C

- integralcos x dx = sin x + C

4. Definite Integrals

- Represent the area under a curve between limits a and b

- Notation: integral[a to b] f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)

- Fundamental Theorem of Calculus connects definite integrals with antiderivatives

5. Properties of Definite Integrals

- integral[a to b] f(x) dx = -integral[b to a] f(x) dx

- integral[a to a] f(x) dx = 0

- integral[a to b] [f(x) + g(x)] dx = integral[a to b] f(x) dx + integral[a to b] g(x) dx

6. Integration by Substitution

- Used for composite functions

- Let u = g(x), then du = g'(x) dx

- Replace in the integral and integrate with respect to u

7. Area Between Curves

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

- Area between f(x) and g(x) from a to b is:

integral[a to b] [f(x) - g(x)] dx, where f(x) >= g(x)

8. Accumulation Functions

- Define new functions in terms of integrals:

F(x) = integral[a to x] f(t) dt

- F'(x) = f(x), by Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

9. Average Value of a Function

- Average value of f on [a, b] is:

f_avg = (1/(b - a)) integral[a to b] f(x) dx

10. Summary

Integrals and antiderivatives are essential for calculating total quantities, areas, and modeling

various phenomena in science and engineering.

Integration is the inverse process of differentiation. It is used to accumulate quantities and find areas

under curves.

1. Antiderivatives

- An antiderivative of f(x) is a function F(x) such that F'(x) = f(x)

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

- General antiderivative: F(x) + C, where C is the constant of integration

2. Basic Integration Rules

a. Power Rule:

- integralx^n dx = (x^(n+1))/(n+1) + C, for n != -1

b. Constant Rule:

- integrala dx = a*x + C

c. Sum and Difference:

- integral[f(x) +/- g(x)] dx = integralf(x) dx +/- integralg(x) dx

d. Constant Multiple:

- integrala*f(x) dx = aintegralf(x) dx

3. Common Integrals

- integraldx = x + C

- integralx^n dx = x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C

- integrale^x dx = e^x + C

- integrala^x dx = a^x / ln(a) + C

- integral1/x dx = ln|x| + C

- integralsin x dx = -cos x + C

- integralcos x dx = sin x + C

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

4. Definite Integrals

- Represent the area under a curve between limits a and b

- Notation: integral[a to b] f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)

- Fundamental Theorem of Calculus connects definite integrals with antiderivatives

5. Properties of Definite Integrals

- integral[a to b] f(x) dx = -integral[b to a] f(x) dx

- integral[a to a] f(x) dx = 0

- integral[a to b] [f(x) + g(x)] dx = integral[a to b] f(x) dx + integral[a to b] g(x) dx

6. Integration by Substitution

- Used for composite functions

- Let u = g(x), then du = g'(x) dx

- Replace in the integral and integrate with respect to u

7. Area Between Curves

- Area between f(x) and g(x) from a to b is:

integral[a to b] [f(x) - g(x)] dx, where f(x) >= g(x)

8. Accumulation Functions

- Define new functions in terms of integrals:

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

F(x) = integral[a to x] f(t) dt

- F'(x) = f(x), by Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

9. Average Value of a Function

- Average value of f on [a, b] is:

f_avg = (1/(b - a)) integral[a to b] f(x) dx

10. Summary

Integrals and antiderivatives are essential for calculating total quantities, areas, and modeling

various phenomena in science and engineering.

Integration is the inverse process of differentiation. It is used to accumulate quantities and find areas

under curves.

1. Antiderivatives

- An antiderivative of f(x) is a function F(x) such that F'(x) = f(x)

- General antiderivative: F(x) + C, where C is the constant of integration

2. Basic Integration Rules

a. Power Rule:

- integralx^n dx = (x^(n+1))/(n+1) + C, for n != -1

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

b. Constant Rule:

- integrala dx = a*x + C

c. Sum and Difference:

- integral[f(x) +/- g(x)] dx = integralf(x) dx +/- integralg(x) dx

d. Constant Multiple:

- integrala*f(x) dx = aintegralf(x) dx

3. Common Integrals

- integraldx = x + C

- integralx^n dx = x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C

- integrale^x dx = e^x + C

- integrala^x dx = a^x / ln(a) + C

- integral1/x dx = ln|x| + C

- integralsin x dx = -cos x + C

- integralcos x dx = sin x + C

4. Definite Integrals

- Represent the area under a curve between limits a and b

- Notation: integral[a to b] f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)

- Fundamental Theorem of Calculus connects definite integrals with antiderivatives

5. Properties of Definite Integrals

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

- integral[a to b] f(x) dx = -integral[b to a] f(x) dx

- integral[a to a] f(x) dx = 0

- integral[a to b] [f(x) + g(x)] dx = integral[a to b] f(x) dx + integral[a to b] g(x) dx

6. Integration by Substitution

- Used for composite functions

- Let u = g(x), then du = g'(x) dx

- Replace in the integral and integrate with respect to u

7. Area Between Curves

- Area between f(x) and g(x) from a to b is:

integral[a to b] [f(x) - g(x)] dx, where f(x) >= g(x)

8. Accumulation Functions

- Define new functions in terms of integrals:

F(x) = integral[a to x] f(t) dt

- F'(x) = f(x), by Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

9. Average Value of a Function

- Average value of f on [a, b] is:

f_avg = (1/(b - a)) integral[a to b] f(x) dx

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

10. Summary

Integrals and antiderivatives are essential for calculating total quantities, areas, and modeling

various phenomena in science and engineering.

Integration is the inverse process of differentiation. It is used to accumulate quantities and find areas

under curves.

1. Antiderivatives

- An antiderivative of f(x) is a function F(x) such that F'(x) = f(x)

- General antiderivative: F(x) + C, where C is the constant of integration

2. Basic Integration Rules

a. Power Rule:

- integralx^n dx = (x^(n+1))/(n+1) + C, for n != -1

b. Constant Rule:

- integrala dx = a*x + C

c. Sum and Difference:

- integral[f(x) +/- g(x)] dx = integralf(x) dx +/- integralg(x) dx

d. Constant Multiple:

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

- integrala*f(x) dx = aintegralf(x) dx

3. Common Integrals

- integraldx = x + C

- integralx^n dx = x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C

- integrale^x dx = e^x + C

- integrala^x dx = a^x / ln(a) + C

- integral1/x dx = ln|x| + C

- integralsin x dx = -cos x + C

- integralcos x dx = sin x + C

4. Definite Integrals

- Represent the area under a curve between limits a and b

- Notation: integral[a to b] f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)

- Fundamental Theorem of Calculus connects definite integrals with antiderivatives

5. Properties of Definite Integrals

- integral[a to b] f(x) dx = -integral[b to a] f(x) dx

- integral[a to a] f(x) dx = 0

- integral[a to b] [f(x) + g(x)] dx = integral[a to b] f(x) dx + integral[a to b] g(x) dx

6. Integration by Substitution

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

- Used for composite functions

- Let u = g(x), then du = g'(x) dx

- Replace in the integral and integrate with respect to u

7. Area Between Curves

- Area between f(x) and g(x) from a to b is:

integral[a to b] [f(x) - g(x)] dx, where f(x) >= g(x)

8. Accumulation Functions

- Define new functions in terms of integrals:

F(x) = integral[a to x] f(t) dt

- F'(x) = f(x), by Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

9. Average Value of a Function

- Average value of f on [a, b] is:

f_avg = (1/(b - a)) integral[a to b] f(x) dx

10. Summary

Integrals and antiderivatives are essential for calculating total quantities, areas, and modeling

various phenomena in science and engineering.

Integration is the inverse process of differentiation. It is used to accumulate quantities and find areas

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

under curves.

1. Antiderivatives

- An antiderivative of f(x) is a function F(x) such that F'(x) = f(x)

- General antiderivative: F(x) + C, where C is the constant of integration

2. Basic Integration Rules

a. Power Rule:

- integralx^n dx = (x^(n+1))/(n+1) + C, for n != -1

b. Constant Rule:

- integrala dx = a*x + C

c. Sum and Difference:

- integral[f(x) +/- g(x)] dx = integralf(x) dx +/- integralg(x) dx

d. Constant Multiple:

- integrala*f(x) dx = aintegralf(x) dx

3. Common Integrals

- integraldx = x + C

- integralx^n dx = x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C

- integrale^x dx = e^x + C

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

- integrala^x dx = a^x / ln(a) + C

- integral1/x dx = ln|x| + C

- integralsin x dx = -cos x + C

- integralcos x dx = sin x + C

4. Definite Integrals

- Represent the area under a curve between limits a and b

- Notation: integral[a to b] f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)

- Fundamental Theorem of Calculus connects definite integrals with antiderivatives

5. Properties of Definite Integrals

- integral[a to b] f(x) dx = -integral[b to a] f(x) dx

- integral[a to a] f(x) dx = 0

- integral[a to b] [f(x) + g(x)] dx = integral[a to b] f(x) dx + integral[a to b] g(x) dx

6. Integration by Substitution

- Used for composite functions

- Let u = g(x), then du = g'(x) dx

- Replace in the integral and integrate with respect to u

7. Area Between Curves

- Area between f(x) and g(x) from a to b is:

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

integral[a to b] [f(x) - g(x)] dx, where f(x) >= g(x)

8. Accumulation Functions

- Define new functions in terms of integrals:

F(x) = integral[a to x] f(t) dt

- F'(x) = f(x), by Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

9. Average Value of a Function

- Average value of f on [a, b] is:

f_avg = (1/(b - a)) integral[a to b] f(x) dx

10. Summary

Integrals and antiderivatives are essential for calculating total quantities, areas, and modeling

various phenomena in science and engineering.

Integration is the inverse process of differentiation. It is used to accumulate quantities and find areas

under curves.

1. Antiderivatives

- An antiderivative of f(x) is a function F(x) such that F'(x) = f(x)

- General antiderivative: F(x) + C, where C is the constant of integration

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

2. Basic Integration Rules

a. Power Rule:

- integralx^n dx = (x^(n+1))/(n+1) + C, for n != -1

b. Constant Rule:

- integrala dx = a*x + C

c. Sum and Difference:

- integral[f(x) +/- g(x)] dx = integralf(x) dx +/- integralg(x) dx

d. Constant Multiple:

- integrala*f(x) dx = aintegralf(x) dx

3. Common Integrals

- integraldx = x + C

- integralx^n dx = x^(n+1)/(n+1) + C

- integrale^x dx = e^x + C

- integrala^x dx = a^x / ln(a) + C

- integral1/x dx = ln|x| + C

- integralsin x dx = -cos x + C

- integralcos x dx = sin x + C

4. Definite Integrals

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

- Represent the area under a curve between limits a and b

- Notation: integral[a to b] f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)

- Fundamental Theorem of Calculus connects definite integrals with antiderivatives

5. Properties of Definite Integrals

- integral[a to b] f(x) dx = -integral[b to a] f(x) dx

- integral[a to a] f(x) dx = 0

- integral[a to b] [f(x) + g(x)] dx = integral[a to b] f(x) dx + integral[a to b] g(x) dx

6. Integration by Substitution

- Used for composite functions

- Let u = g(x), then du = g'(x) dx

- Replace in the integral and integrate with respect to u

7. Area Between Curves

- Area between f(x) and g(x) from a to b is:

integral[a to b] [f(x) - g(x)] dx, where f(x) >= g(x)

8. Accumulation Functions

- Define new functions in terms of integrals:

F(x) = integral[a to x] f(t) dt

- F'(x) = f(x), by Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

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 Calculus - Integrals and Antiderivatives

9. Average Value of a Function

- Average value of f on [a, b] is:

f_avg = (1/(b - a)) integral[a to b] f(x) dx

10. Summary

Integrals and antiderivatives are essential for calculating total quantities, areas, and modeling

various phenomena in science and engineering.

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