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Modelling Physical System

The document discusses the modeling of physical systems using fundamental principles such as Newton's Law, Ohm's Law, and thermodynamics, leading to differential equation representations. It covers both mechanical and electrical systems, detailing the derivation of models through free body diagrams and circuit diagrams, respectively. Additionally, it provides examples of mechanical systems, including mass on a spring, and outlines basic models for mechanical and electrical components like mass, springs, resistors, capacitors, and inductors.

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3 views8 pages

Modelling Physical System

The document discusses the modeling of physical systems using fundamental principles such as Newton's Law, Ohm's Law, and thermodynamics, leading to differential equation representations. It covers both mechanical and electrical systems, detailing the derivation of models through free body diagrams and circuit diagrams, respectively. Additionally, it provides examples of mechanical systems, including mass on a spring, and outlines basic models for mechanical and electrical components like mass, springs, resistors, capacitors, and inductors.

Uploaded by

ranveerm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Modelling of Physical System * The underlying physical principles such as:- * Newton’s Law * Ohm’s Law * Thermodynamics law * The above principle laws generally lead to the formation of a differential equation representation of the system Deriving a model from First Principle * Mechanical Systems * Draw a free body diagram * Newton’s Law of motion, F=ma * Electrical Systems * Draw electrical circuit * Related first principle laws:- Ohm’s Law, V=IR Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Kirchhoff’s Current Law Kirchhoff’s voltage law The sum of the voltages around a circuit loop must equal zero Ry= 109 1=0.28 4A VA A - \A/ VV \ La. ov Vg + (-IR1) + (-IR2)+(-IR3) 0 Kirchhoff’s current law The sum of all currents into a circuit node/junction must equal zero Junetion ™. b=E4h 1;—> — J Ip — (1, + Ip) Mechanical Component — Basic Models * Translational Mass d?y —] Fy =Ma=M7 —po— Mf |[-—2? * M—mass * a-acceleration * Translational Spring F,=ky pol ¥ VY Lo. oe * kspring coefficient/constant * ydisplacement * Translational damper, Fy = by + b-—damping coefficient wo ° * v-velocity Electrical Component — Basic Models * Resistor, R AW uD= (DR i= ra _— * i-current * v-voltage + R-resistance * Capacitor, C 4 kK v, (7) =Thk (dt i,t) =C—— dv,(t) dt * C-capacitance — *Inductance,L = _(VYYY\V_ iv, =L _ i,() = + fv, Dar * L-inductance Electrical Component — Basic Models dv,(t) 4 Ke v.()=— aie (dt i,(.) =C—— . a —_— _ * Capacitor, C * Consider charge equation Q = Cv, * Taking time derivative, the equation Electrical Component — Basic Models * Inductance, L di, (t) SV 0-1 i= + fv, Dar * Consider the voltage drop across the inductance, L } The voltage drop across the inductance is proportiona/to the rate of change of current, i, v= 162) a * To express the current equation for the in integrate both sides of the equation a ctance, simple fv, = Li, by re-arranging thé equation yields ° 1 ip =7 Su Example: Modelling a Mechanical System * Consider a mechanical system, mass on a spring, shown below with a free body diagram indicates the forces acting on the mass. * kis spring constant, b is friction coefficient, y is mass displacement, r(f) is input force and M is the mass Wall friction, b a0) Force ro * The frictional force is directly proportional to the velocity term Example: Modelling a Mechanical System 3 = 4 ay 4 * Force components on the system * For the mass, apply, Newton's Second Law of fee ok Motion, Fy = ume 2 i * Spring force, F, = ky friction, B 8 crict _ pW _ py P Frictional force, Fr = b a7 by = bv i dy . where v = 2 which is velocity * Input, r(t) ae “ * Sum of the force components Me yy b2 + ky = _ r(t) Expressing equation in displacement dt? parameter _» Ma =+ kt kf, ‘ott)dt = =r(t) Expressing equation in velocity parameter

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