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Biology

The document covers various aspects of human biology, including diagrams and functions of the respiratory system, blood cells, digestion, and nutrition processes in organisms. It explains the roles of saliva, gastric juice, and trypsin in digestion, as well as differences between photosynthesis and respiration. Additionally, it discusses the functions of the liver, villi, and kidneys, along with the transport of gases in the body.

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raynesh952
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13 views4 pages

Biology

The document covers various aspects of human biology, including diagrams and functions of the respiratory system, blood cells, digestion, and nutrition processes in organisms. It explains the roles of saliva, gastric juice, and trypsin in digestion, as well as differences between photosynthesis and respiration. Additionally, it discusses the functions of the liver, villi, and kidneys, along with the transport of gases in the body.

Uploaded by

raynesh952
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1] Draw a diagram of the human respiratory system and label the

following: a) Lungs
b) Primary Bronchus
c) Trachea
d) Larynx

2] Name the three kinds of cells present in blood. Write one function of each of them.

There are three main types of blood cells in the human body:
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
- White Blood Cells (WBC)
- Platelets

Functions:

 Red Blood Cells (RBCs) – They transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.
 White Blood Cells (WBCs) – They help defend the body against infections and diseases.
 Platelets – They help in blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding.

3] Explain the role of the following in the process of digestion in the human body.
a) Saliva b) Gastric Juice c) Trypsin

a) Saliva:
Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands and contains an enzyme called salivary amylase that begins the
digestion of starch, breaking it down into simpler sugars.

b) Gastric Juice:
Gastric juice, secreted by glands in the stomach, contains hydrochloric acid (which creates an acidic
environment), pepsin (an enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides), and mucus (which protects the
stomach lining from acid).

c) Trypsin:
Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas and released into the small intestine. It helps break down
proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids.

4. Differentiate between Photosynthesis and respiration


5] Draw a diagram of human ailmentry canal starting from stomach and ending at anus. Label any six parts.

6] How does liver serve both as a digestive as well as an excretory organ?

The liver produces bile, which helps in the digestion and absorption of fats by breaking large fat globules
into smaller ones. It also removes harmful substances like toxins, drugs, and old red blood cells from the
blood. The liver converts these waste products into less harmful forms such as urea, which are then excreted
from the body through urine.

7] Draw a labeled diagram of the detailed structure of a nephron.

8]How do plants obtain food? What are the two phases of photosynthesis?

Plants obtain food by a process called photosynthesis, where they use sunlight, carbon dioxide from the air,
and water from the soil to make their own food in the form of glucose. The two phases of photosynthesis are
the light-dependent phase, where light energy is captured and converted into chemical energy, and the light-
independent phase (also called the dark phase), where this chemical energy is used to synthesize glucose
from carbon dioxide.

9] Describe the process of nutrition in amoeba.

In amoeba, nutrition takes place through a process called phagocytosis. The amoeba extends its pseudopodia
(false feet) to surround and engulf food particles, forming a food vacuole. Inside the vacuole, digestive
enzymes are secreted to break down the food into simpler substances. The digested nutrients are absorbed
into the cytoplasm for energy and growth, while the undigested waste is expelled out of the body.

10] Give three points difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

11] What are Villi? Where are they present? What is their function?

Villi are small, finger-like projections that are present on the inner walls of the small intestine. Their
function is to increase the surface area for absorption of digested food into the blood.

12] What are the different components and functions of gastric juice?

Gastric juice is made up of hydrochloric acid, pepsin enzyme, and mucus. Hydrochloric acid creates an
acidic medium and kills germs, pepsin breaks down proteins into simpler forms, and mucus protects the
stomach lining from acid damage.

13] How gaseous exchange does takes place in alveoli and tissue?

In alveoli, oxygen from the air passes through the thin walls of the alveoli into the blood capillaries, and
carbon dioxide from the blood passes into the alveoli to be exhaled. In tissues, oxygen carried by blood
diffuses from the blood into the tissue cells, and carbon dioxide produced by the cells diffuses into the blood
to be carried back to the lungs.

14] How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?

In human beings, oxygen is transported by the red blood cells where it binds with haemoglobin to form
oxyhaemoglobin. Carbon dioxide is mostly transported in the dissolved form in blood plasma, and a small
amount is carried by haemoglobin as carbaminohaemoglobin.

15] List two vital functions of the human kidney. Draw a labeled diagram of an artificial kidney

Two vital functions of the human kidney are:

1. Filtration of blood to remove waste products and excess substances, forming urine.
2. Regulation of water and salt balance in the body to maintain homeostasis and blood pressure.

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