AcingChapter1-5
AcingChapter1-5
1 3
Solution □ a. p − 10
4
b. 2( x − 16)
c. 4(n + 3)
d. 4n + 3
Example 2 □ Mr. and Mrs. Sawyer are taking their three children to an amusement park.
The admission is a dollars per adult, c dollars per child and the cost of
each ride is r dollars per person.
a. Write an expression for the cost of admission plus 10 rides for the family.
b. Find the cost of admission plus 10 rides if the admission per adult is 20 dollars,
the admission per child is 12 dollars, and the cost of each ride is 8 dollars.
Solution □ a. 2a + 3c + 10r
1 4
Twice the product of m and n decreased by the Mario received y text messages each minute
square of the sum of m and n . for 10 minutes yesterday and received t text
messages each minute for 20 minutes today.
Which of the following is an expression for the What is the total number of text messages he
statement above? received for two days in terms of y and t ?
A) 2mn − (m 2 + n 2 ) A) 30 yt
B) 2mn − (m + n) 2 B) 200 yt
C) (m + n) 2 − 2mn C) 20 y + 10t
D) 10 y + 20t
D) (m 2 + n 2 ) − 2mn
2 5
The product of a number x and four decreased Which of the following expressions represents
by twelve. the product of 3k and the sum of m and
one third of n ?
Which of the following is an expression for the
statement above? 1
A) 3km + n
3
A) 4 x + 12
1
B) 4( x + 12) B) 3k ⋅ (m + n)
3
C) 4( x − 12)
1
C) 3k (m + n)
D) 4 x − 12 3
1
D) 3k (m + n + )
3 3
d +7
D)
19
The Language and Tools of Algebra 7
An expression like 35 is called a power. The number 3 is the base, and the number 5 is the exponent.
35 = 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3
5 factors of 3
To evaluate an expression involving more than one operation, we agree to perform operations
in the following order .
Order of Operations
1. Simplify the expressions inside grouping symbols, such as parentheses, brackets, and fraction bars.
2. Evaluate all powers.
3. Do all multiplications and divisions in order from left to right.
4. Do all additions and subtractions in order from left to right.
52 − 13
Example 1 □ Evaluate (11 − 20 ÷ + 8) × 2 .
3
52 − 13
Solution □ (11 − 20 ÷ + 8) × 2
3
25 − 13
= (11 − 20 ÷ + 8) × 2 Evaluate power inside grouping symbols.
3
12
= (11 − 20 ÷ + 8) × 2 Evaluate expression inside grouping symbols.
3
= (11 − 20 ÷ 4 + 8) × 2 Evaluate expression inside grouping symbols.
= (11 − 5 + 8) × 2 Divide 20 by 4.
= (6 + 8) × 2 Subtract 5 from 11.
= (14) × 2 Evaluate expression inside grouping symbols.
= 28 Multiply.
b2 + c
Example 2 □ Evaluate a 3 − + (ab + c) if a = 4 , b = −3 , and c = 7 .
a
b2 + c
Solution □ a3 − + (ab + c)
a
(−3) 2 + 7
= 43 − + (4 ⋅ (−3) + 7) Replace a with 4, b with −3 , and c with 7.
4
9+7
= 64 − + (−12 + 7) Evaluate 43 , (−3) 2 , and 4 ⋅ (−3) .
4
16
= 64 − + (−5) Evaluate expression inside grouping symbols.
4
= 64 − 4 + (−5) Divide 16 by 4.
= 55 Subtract and add.
8 Chapter 1
1 5
[(7 2 − 9) ÷ 8]2 = 2c 2 (b + a )
What is the value of ( ) − 10 ×
a c
if a = −2 , b = 3 , and c = 5 ?
2 6
3 7
72 ÷ 32 ⋅ 2 7 ÷ ( q ) 2 ⋅ 2 − p + 6q − r
= What is the value of ⋅
6 2p −q
1
if p = 4 , q = , and r = 2 ?
2
4 8
1 c − 2(a + b) 1
53 − (12 + 12 ÷ 3) = What is the value of 2
if a = − ,
2 (c − a ) 2
3 5
b= , and c = ?
2 2
The Language and Tools of Algebra 9
Distributive Property
Symbols For any real numbers a , b , and c
a (b + c) = ab + ac a (b − c) = ab − ac
Examples 4(7 + 3) = 4 ⋅ 7 + 4 ⋅ 3 4(7 − 3) = 4 ⋅ 7 − 4 ⋅ 3
Commutative Property
Symbols For any real numbers a and b ,
a+b = b+a a ⋅b = b ⋅ a
Examples 3 + 4 = 4 + 3 3⋅ 4 = 4 ⋅3
Associative Property
Symbols For any real numbers a , b , and c
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) (ab)c = a (bc)
Examples (3 + 4) + 7 = 3 + (4 + 7) (3 ⋅ 4) ⋅ 7 = 3 ⋅ (4 ⋅ 7)
1 2
Solution □ a. m − 4n + 2 m
3 3
1 2
= ( + 2 ) m − 4n Combine like terms.
3 3
= 3m − 4n Simplify.
b. 4 x3 − 3( x3 + 2 x)
= 4 x3 − 3( x3 ) − 3(2 x) Distributive property
= 4 x3 − 3x3 − 6 x Multiply.
3
= x − 6x Combine like terms.
c. a (2 − b) − 2(a − b)
= 2a − ab − 2a + 2b Distributive property
= 2a − 2a − ab + 2b Commutative property
= −ab + 2b Simplify.
10 Chapter 1
1 4
Which of the following expressions is equivalent Which of the following expressions is equivalent
2 1 to a (b − c) − b(a + c) − c(a − b) ?
to (a 2 − a − 3) + (a 2 + 2a + 6) ?
3 3
A) bc
A) a 2 B) 2ac
B) a 2 + a C) −2bc
C) a 2 − a D) −2ac
D) a 2 − 1
2 5
Which of the following expressions is equivalent Which of the following expressions is NOT
to 5.4( x − 2 y ) − 2.7( x − 3 y ) ? equivalent to 3[6a − 3(1 − a ) − 5(a + 1)] ?
A) 2.7( x + y ) A) 12a − 24
B) 2.7( x − y ) 1
B) 24(a − )
2
C) 2.7 x + 3.6 y
C) 12(a − 2)
D) 2.7 x − 3.6 y
1
D) 24( a − 1)
2
3 6
Which of the following expressions is equivalent
Which of the following expressions is NOT
1 3
to (2a + 3b + 4c) − (b + 2c) ? 2 1
2 2 equivalent to p − (2 p − 3q ) − ( p + 4q) ?
3 3
A) a − 3c 2
A) − ( p − q )
B) a + 5c 3
C) a + c 2 2
B) − p+ q
D) a − c 3 3
2
C) − ( p + q )
3
1
D) − (2 p − 2q )
3
The Language and Tools of Algebra 11
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Increasing
irrational numbers Any real number that is not rational is irrational. − 3, 2, and π are irrational.
Rounding Decimals
To round a decimal to the desired place, underline the digit in the place to be rounded.
1) If the digit to the right of the underlined digit is 5 or more, increase the underlined digit by one (round up).
2) If the digit to the right of the underlined digit is less than 5, leave the underlined digit as it is (round down).
3) Drop all digits to the right of the underlined digit.
Example 1 □ On the number line below, the marks are equally spaced.
What is the coordinate of P ?
P 0 0.25
Solution □ Since the distance between the marks is 0.25 , the coordinate of P is 7 × −0.25 ,
or −1.75 .
1 4
Which of the following shows the numbers Which of the following is an irrational number?
arranged in increasing order?
A) −1.2
2
A) − 3, − 5, , 4, 10 4
3 B)
3
2
B) − 3, − 5, , 10, 4 C) − 16
3
D) − 10
2
C) −5, − 3, , 10, 4
3
2
D) , − 3, 10, 4, − 5 5
3
Which of the following is a rational number?
A) 1.6
49
B)
2 64
D) − 250
A) 1.68
B) 2.28
C) 2.78
6
D) 3.18
In three plays, a football team loses 5 yards and
then gains 32 yards by completing a pass. Then
a penalty was called and the team lost 10 yards.
How many yards did the team actually gain?
3
To the nearest cents, what is the value of
$500(1 + 0.045)8 − $500(1 + 0.04)8 ? 7
A B C
A) $25.45
−1.25 −0.4 x
B) $26.00
C) $26.77 On the number line above, if BC = 2 AB what
is the value of x ?
D) $28.25
The Language and Tools of Algebra 13
1 4
Two less than the quotient of three and 5 1
What number is halfway between − and on
a number n 6 3
a number line?
Which of the following is an expression for the
statement above? 1
A) −
4
n
A) 2 −
3 1
B) −
3
n
B) −2
3 1
C) −
2
3
C) −2
n 5
D) −
12
3
D) 2 −
n
2 5
What is 4.4985 rounded to the nearest hundredth?
How much greater than n − 11 is n + 3 ?
A) 4.49
A) 8
B) 4.498
B) 10
C) 4.499
C) 12
D) 4.50
D) 14
3 6
Johnny received m text messages on Friday, three Which of the following expressions is equivalent
less than twice as many text messages on Saturday 1 1
to 3a + (b − 2c) − (2a + 3b) ?
than on Friday, and five more text messages on 2 2
Sunday than on Saturday. What is the total number
of text messages he received over the three days? 3 1
A) a− b−c
2 2
A) 4m + 2
3
B) 5m − 1 B) a+b−c
2
C) 4m − 2
C) 2a − b − c
D) 5m + 1
D) 2a + b − c
14 Chapter 1
7 10
How many minutes are there in 2h hours and x x x
6m minutes? If x = 10 , what is the value of + + ?
2 20 200
A) 60h + 12m
B) 120h + 6m
C) 60h + 6m
D) 120h + 60m
8 11
1. Add 5 to a number n . If x and y are positive integers and
2. Divide by 8. 2 x + 5 y = 18 , what is the value of x ?
3. Subtract by 1.
4. Multiply by 8.
A) n − 1
B) n − 2
C) n − 3
D) n − 4
9 12
Which of the following expressions is equivalent If a = 3 , b = −1 , and c = −2 , what is the value
to (2 y − x) − 2( y − 2 z ) − 4( x + z ) ?
a − 12 ÷ (2 − b)
of 7 − ?
c+3
A) −3x
B) −5x
C) −3 x + 8 z
D) −5 x − 8 z
CHAPTER 2
Solving Linear Equations
m 1
c. = 4 + ( m + n)
n 3
The quotient equals four more than one-third the sum of mand n.
of m and n
d. x3 + y2 = 52
The cube of x plus the square of y is equal to fifty two.
Consecutive Numbers
Consecutive Integers . . . , − 3, − 2, − 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . . . n , n + 1 , n + 2 are three consecutive
integers if n is an integer.
Consecutive Even Integers . . . , − 6, − 4, − 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, . . . n , n + 2 , n + 4 are three consecutive
even integers if n is an even integer.
Consecutive Odd Integers . . . , − 5, − 3, − 1, 1, 3, 5, . . . n , n + 2 , n + 4 are three consecutive
odd integers if n is an odd integer.
1 6
Eighteen more than the number n is 125. The sum of three fourths of the number a
What is the value of n ? and 24 is negative 9. What is the value of a ?
A) −44
B) −20
C) 20
2 D) 44
Twenty is 7 less than twice the number w .
What is the value of w ?
7
3
A) −13
Nine less than twice x is three more than x .
What is the value of x ? 34
B) −
3
29
C) −
3
D) −8
4
Eight less than four times the number c is twenty. 8
What is the value of c ?
The quotient of p and q is twelve less than
three times the sum of p and q .
p
5 A) = (3 p + q ) − 12
q
The sum of four consecutive odd integers is 296 .
What is the greatest of the four consecutive odd p
B) = 12 − (3 p + q )
integers? q
p
C) = 3( p + q ) − 12
q
p
D) = 12 − 3( p + q )
q
Solving Linear Equations 21
b. −24 = 8y
−24 8 y
= Divide each side by 8.
8 8
−24 8y
−3 = y = 3 and =y
8 8
Many equations require more than one operation to solve. Such equations are called multi-step equations.
To solve multi-step equations, first simplify each side of the equation, if needed, and then use inverse
operations to isolate the variable.
4 1
Example 2 □ Solve ( x − 5) − ( x − 10) = 21 .
5 5
4 1
Solution □ ( x − 5) − ( x − 10) = 19
5 5
4 1
x − 4 − x + 2 = 19 Distributive Property
5 5
3
x − 2 = 19 Simplify.
5
3
x − 2 + 2 = 19 + 2 Add 2 to each side.
5
3
x = 21 Simplify.
5
5 3 5 5
( x) = (21) Multiply each side by .
3 5 3 3
x = 35 Simplify.
22 Chapter 2
1 6
−11 + x = 9 Two and three fifths of a number equals −26 .
What is the number?
Given the above equation, what is the value of
20 − (11 − x) ?
A) −15
B) −10
C) −5
D) 10
2
If 33 − a = a + 27 − 5a , what is the value of
33 + 3a ? 7
There are one hundred forty-two students in a high
school band. These students represent two ninth
of the total students in the high school. How many
students attend the school?
A) 587
3
B) 613
1 3
If x + 3 = − x , what is the value of x ? C) 639
2 4
D) 665
8
4
820c + 380r = 4,360
If x − (3 − 2 x) + (4 − 5 x) = −7 , what is the value
of x ? The above equation models the amount of calories
in a snack of c cups of cashews and r cups of
raisins. The amount of calories per cup of cashews
is 820 and the amount of calories per cup of raisins
is 380. According to the equation, how many cups
of raisins are used, if 3 cups of cashews are used to
make the snack?
5
A) 3
If three quarters of a number decreased by twenty
is equal to eighty two, what is that number? B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
Solving Linear Equations 23
7 1
Solution □ a. x −8 = 6+ x
3 3
7 1 1 1 1
x −8− x = 6+ x − x Subtract x from each side.
3 3 3 3 3
2x − 8 = 6 Simplify.
2x − 8 + 8 = 6 + 8 Add 8 to each side.
2 x = 14 Simplify.
2 x 14
= Divide each side by 2 .
2 2
x=7 Simplify.
b. 5 − 3(k + 1) = −k
5 − 3k − 3 = −k Distributive Property
2 − 3k = −k Simplify.
2 − 3k + k = − k + k Add k to each side.
2 − 2k = 0 Simplify.
2 − 2k − 2 = 0 − 2 Subtract 2 from each side.
−2k = −2 Simplify.
−2k −2
= Divide each side by −2 .
−2 −2
k =1 Simplify.
Example 2 □ Four times the sum of three and a number equals nine less than the number.
a. Write an equation for the problem. b. Then solve the equation.
Solution □ a. 4(3 + n) = n − 9
b. 12 + 4n = n − 9 Distributive Property
12 + 4n − n = n − 9 − n Subtract n from each side.
12 + 3n = −9 Simplify.
12 + 3n − 12 = −9 − 12 Subtract 12 from each side.
3n = −21 Simplify.
3n −21
= Divide each side by 3 .
3 3
n = −7 Simplify.
24 Chapter 2
1 5
If 7 n + 3 = 2n − 12 , what is the value of −n + 3 ? A $48 shirts costs $22 more than one half the cost
of a pair of pants. How much does the pair of pants
cost?
2 6
3 7
r s 39 One half of a number increased by 3 is five less
+ =
3 11 33 than two thirds of the number.
4 8
b. 5w − 3(1 − w) = −2(3 − w)
1
c. (8 y − 6) = 5 y − ( y + 3)
2
Solution □ a. 2(1 − x) + 5 x = 3( x + 1)
2 − 2 x + 5 x = 3x + 3 Distributive property
2 + 3x = 3x + 3 Simplify.
2 + 3x − 3x = 3x + 3 − 3x Subtract 3x from each side.
2=3 Simplify.
The given equation is equivalent to the false statement 2 = 3.
Therefore the equation has no solution.
b. 5w − 3(1 − w) = −2(3 − w)
5w − 3 + 3w = −6 + 2 w Distributive property
8w − 3 = −6 + 2 w Simplify.
8w − 3 − 2 w = −6 + 2 w − 2 w Subtract 2w from each side.
6 w − 3 = −6 Simplify.
6 w − 3 + 3 = −6 + 3 Add 3 to each side.
6 w = −3 Simplify.
6 w −3
= Divide each side by 6.
6 6
1
w=− Simplify.
2
1
c. (8 y − 6) = 5 y − ( y + 3)
2
4y − 3 = 5y − y − 3 Distributive property
4y − 3 = 4y − 3 Simplify.
1 5
1 What is the value of n
If (9 − 6 x) = 5 − 2 x , what is the value of x ?
3 7 3
if − (2n − 3) + 4n = (5 + 2n) ?
2 2
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) The equation has no solution.
2 6
3 7
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
4 8
4 x + 13 = 7( x − 2) + bx What is the value of m
if 0.4(5m − 9) = −5m − 4(0.3 − m) ?
If the linear equation above has no solution,
which of the following could be the value of b ?
A) −1
B) −2
C) −3
D) −4
Solving Linear Equations 27
Solution □ a. 3x − a = kx + b
3x − a − kx = kx + b − kx Subtract kx from each side.
3x − a − kx = b Simplify.
3x − a − kx + a = b + a Add a to each side.
3x − kx = b + a Simplify.
x(3 − k ) = b + a Distributive property
x(3 − k ) b + a
= Divide each side by 3 − k .
3− k 3− k
b+a
x= Simplify.
3− k
1
b. A = ( a + b) h
2
1
2 ⋅ A = 2 ⋅ ( a + b) h Multiply each side by 2 .
2
2 A = ( a + b) h Simplify.
2A ( a + b)
= h Divide each side by a + b .
a+b a+b
2A
h= Simplify.
a+b
5
c. C = ( F − 32)
9
9 9 5 9
⋅ C = ⋅ ( F − 32) Multiply each side by .
5 5 9 5
9
C = F − 32 Simplify.
5
9
C + 32 = F − 32 + 32 Add 32 to each side.
5
9
F = C + 32 Simplify.
5
28 Chapter 2
1 4
If 2 x + 3 y = 18 , which of the following gives y ab − 1
If = c , which of the following gives b
in terms of x ? 3
in terms of the other variables?
2
A) y = 6 + x
3 3c + 1
A) b =
a
2
B) y = 6 − x
3 3c − 1
B) b =
a
3
C) y = 6 + x
2 3c
C) b = +1
a
3
D) y = 6 − x
2 3c
D) b = −1
a
2 5
If P = 2l + 2 w , which of the following gives w If gh − f = g − h , which of the following gives g
in terms of P and l ? in terms of the other variables?
A) w = P − 2l f +h
A) g =
B) w = P − l h −1
P f −h
C) w = −l B) g =
2 h +1
l f +h
D) w = P − C) g =
2 h +1
f −h
D) g =
3 h −1
a
If c = , which of the following gives a 6
a+b
in terms of b and c ? If n = a + (k − 1)d , which of the following
gives k in terms of the other variables?
bc
A) a =
1− c n − a +1
A) k =
d
bc
B) a =
1+ c n + a −1
B) k =
d
bc
C) a =
b−c n−a−d
C) k =
d
bc
D) a =
b+c n−a+d
D) k =
d
Solving Linear Equations 29
1 4
5 4 1
If x = , what is the value of x ? P = F ( v 2 + 1)
6 5 2
A) −7 5
B) −5 One half of the number n increased by 10 is the
C) −3 same as four less than twice the number.
D) −1
Which of the following equations represents the
statement above?
1
A) (n + 10) = 2(n − 4)
2
3
1
B) n + 10 = 2(n − 4)
If 4 − 7x is 5 less than 23, what is the value 2
of 3x ?
1
C) n + 10 = 2n − 4
2
A) −12
1
B) −9 D) (n + 10) = 2n − 4
2
C) −6
D) −3
30 Chapter 2
6 9
If a is b less than one-half of c , what is b a
in terms of a and c ? If = 1 , what is the value of a − b ?
b
1
A) c−a
2
1
B) a − c
2
C) 2a − c
10
D) c − 2a
When an object is thrown from the ground into
the air with an initial upward speed of v0 meters
per second, the speed v , in meters per second,
is given by the equation v = v0 − 9.8t , where t
is the time in seconds. The speed of an object
7 becomes 0 when the object reaches its maximum
If x = 1 − y and 3 x = 8 − 5 y , what is the value height. If an object is thrown upward with an initial
speed of 14 m/sec , how many seconds does it
of x ?
taken an to reach its maximum height?
(Round your answer to the nearest hundredth of
A) −2 a second.)
3
B) −
2
1
C) −
2
5
D)
2
11
When an object is dropped from a height of s
feet above the ground, the height h of the
8 object is given by the equation h = −16t 2 + s ,
where t is the time in seconds after the object
The quotient of a number and five equals nine
has dropped. If an object is dropped from a height
less than one half of the number. What is the
of 144 feet above the ground, how many seconds
number?
will it take to hit the ground?
A) −20
B) −10
C) 20
D) 30
CHAPTER 3
Functions and Linear Equations
Example 1 □ Express each relation below as a set of ordered pairs and determine whether
it is a function.
a. b. c.
y
x y y
x
−3 7 1 −2
−1 −2 x 2 3
O
0 5 3 5
4 −9 4 −2
You can use the vertical line test to see if a graph represents a function. A relation is a function
if and only if no vertical line intersects its graph more than once.
x x x
O O O
Function Values
Equations that are functions can be written in a form called function notation.
In function notation, the equation y = 2 x + 3 is written as f ( x) = 2 x + 3 .
The function value of f at x = c is denoted as f (c) . For instance, if f ( x) = 5 x − 3 , f (2) is the
value of f at x = 2 and f (2) = 5(2) − 3 = 7 .
a. f (−2) b. f (c − 2)
1
c. −2[ f (−1)] + f (−2) d. f (− x + 1)
2
1 1 1
d. f (− x + 1) = 3(− x + 1) + 2 Substitute − x + 1 for x .
2 2 2
3
= − x +3+ 2 Multiply.
2
3
= − x+5 Simplify.
2
Functions and Linear Equations 39
1 4
What is the domain of the function that contains 1
points at (−5, 2), (−2,1), (0, 2), and (4, −3) ? If f ( x) = −2 x + 7 , what is f ( x + 3) equal to?
2
A) − x + 1
A) −3, 1, 2
B) − x + 3
B) −2, 1, 0
C) − x + 5
C) −5, − 2, 1, 2 D) − x + 10
D) −5, − 2, 0, 4
g ( x) = kx3 + 3
2
For the function g defined above, k is a constant
x y
and g (−1) = 5 . What is the value of g (1) ?
−5 7
−2 −1
A) −3
2 4
5 8 B) −1
C) 1
Which of the following relation is a correct D) 3
representation of the mapping shown above?
3
If point (7, b) is in Quadrant I and point (a, −3) 7
is in Quadrant III, in which Quadrant is the point
( a, b) ? f ( x) = x 2 − b
The standard form of a linear equation of a line is Ax + By = C , in which A , B , and C are integers.
The x- coordinate of the point at which the graph of an equation crosses the x- axis is called the x - intercept.
To find the x- intercept, let y = 0 and solve the equation for x .
The y - coordinate of the point at which the graph of an equation crosses the y - axis is called the y - intercept.
To find the y - intercept, let x = 0 and solve the equation for y .
The intercepts of a line provide a quick way to sketch the line.
Values of x for which f ( x) = 0 are called zeros of the function f . A function’s zero is its x- intercept.
Example 1 □ The table at the right shows Evan’s height from Age (years) 12 14 16 18
age 12 to 18. Find the average rate of change
in Evan’s height from age 12 to 18. Height (inches) 61 64 68 70
change in height
Solution □ Average rate of change =
change in years
70 − 61 9
= = = 1.5 inches per year
18 − 12 6
Example 2 □ Find the slope of the line that passes through (3, −2) and (−5, 4) .
y2 − y1 4 − (−2) 6 3
Solution □ m= = = =−
x2 − x1 −5 − 3 −8 4
1 3
y The graph of the linear function f passes through
(−3,3) the points (a,1) and (1, b) in the xy - plane. If the
slope of the graph of f is 1, which of the
following is true?
x
O
(0, −1)
A) a − b = 1
B) a + b = 1
C) a − b = 2
What is the rate of change shown in the graph
of the line above? D) a + b = 2
4
A) − 4
3
What is the slope of the line that passes through
3
B) − (3, 2) and (−1, −8) ?
4
3
C)
4
4
D)
3 5
What is the value of r if the line that passes
through (4,3) and (−5, r ) has a slope of −1 ?
2
x −3 0 3 6
y −1 1 3 5
y
Example 1 □ The graph of a linear equation is shown on the
diagram at the right.
a. Find the slope of the line on the graph. (5, 2)
b. Write the equation of the line in point-slope form.
x
c. Write the equation of the line in slope-intercept O
form and find the y - intercept.
(−4, −4)
d. Write the equation of the line in standard form.
e. Find the x- intercept on the graph.
y2 − y1
Solution □ a. m =
x2 − x1
2 − (−4)
= ( x1 , y1 ) = (−4, −4) , ( x2 , y2 ) = (5, 2)
5 − (−4)
6 2
= = Simplify.
9 3
b. y − y1 = m( x − x1 ) Point-slope form
2 2
y−2 = ( x − 5) m= . Choose either point for ( x1 , y1 ) .
3 3
2 10
c. y − 2 =
x− Simplify point-slope form.
3 3
2 4
y = x− Add 2 to each side.
3 3
4
The y - intercept is − .
3
2 4
d. y = x− Slope-intercept form
3 3
2 4
3 y = 3( x − ) Multiply each side by 3.
3 3
3y = 2x − 4 Simplify.
−2 x + 3 y = −4 or 2 x − 3 y = 4 Subtract 2x from each side.
3
Questions 1-3 refer to the following information. Which of the following is the equation of the line
in standard form?
y
A) 4 x − 3 y = −4
(−4, 2)
B) 4 x + 3 y = −4
x C) 3 x − 4 y = −4
O
D) 3 x + 4 y = −4
(4, −4)
2
Which of the following is the equation of the line 5
in slope-intercept form? Which of the following is the equation of the
line that passes through point (4, −1) and has
3 slope −2 ?
A) y = − x + 1
4
A) x + 2 y = 2
3
B) y = − x − 1 B) x − 2 y = 6
4
4 C) 2 x − y = 9
C) y = − x + 1
3 D) 2 x + y = 7
4
D) y = − x − 1
3
44 Chapter 3
x x x
O O O
x x
O O
Example 1 □ Write the equation in point-slope form of the lines through point (1, 2) that are
(a) parallel to (b) perpendicular to, 3 x − y = −2 .
1
b. The line perpendicular to y = 3 x + 2 has a slope of − , which is the negative
3
1
reciprocal of 3. Replace m with − and ( x1 , y1 ) with (1, 2) in point-slope form.
3
1 1
y − 2 = − ( x − 1) m = − and ( x1 , y1 ) = (1, 2)
3 3
Functions and Linear Equations 45
1 4
Which of the following equations represents A line passes through the points (−1, 2) and (5, b),
a line that is parallel to the line with equation and is parallel to the graph of the equation
1 1 4 x − 2 y = 13 . What is the value of b ?
y = − x + 5 and contains the point (−2, ) ?
2 2
A) x − 2 y = −3
B) x + 2 y = −1
5
C) 2 x − y = −5
y
D) 2 x + y = −3
(0,3)
(−4, b)
(2,0)
x
2 O
to the x- axis? m
C) y = 7
D) y = 6
3 (−1, 4) t
Which of the following equations represents
a line that passes through (−5,1) and is parallel (2,1)
to the y - axis? x
O
(a, −2)
A) y = −5 (−4, −3)
B) y = 1
x x x
O O O
Example 4 □ For what value of c will the system of equations below have no solution?
cx − 2 y = 6
3x + 4 y = 4
Example 5 □ For what value of b will the system of equations below have infinitely many
−2 x + y = 4
solutions?
5 x − by = −10
Solution □ Substitute the expression for y from the second equation into the first equation.
2x − 3y = 5 First equation
2 2
2 x − 3( x + 2) = 5 Substitute x + 2 for y in the first equation.
3 3
2x − 2x − 6 = 5 Simplify.
−6 = 5 Simplify.
Since −6 = 5 is false, the system has no solution.
Functions and Linear Equations 49
1 4
Which of the following systems of equations
y = 2x + 4
has infinitely many solutions?
x − y = −1
A) (−2, −3) B) −2 x + y = 1
B) (−3, −2) −2 x + y = 5
C) (−1, 2) 1 1
C) x − y =1
2 3
D) (−2, 0)
3x − 2 y = 6
D) 2 x + 3 y = 1
3x − 2 y = 1
2
1
x + y =1
2
−2 x − y = 5 5
3 6
2 x − ky = 14 1
2x − y = 15
5x − 2 y = 5 2
1
ax − y = 10
In the system of equations above, k is a constant 3
and x and y are variables. For what values of k
In the system of equations above, a is a constant
will the system of equations have no solution?
and x and y are variables. For what values of a
will the system of equations have infinitely many
solution?
50 Chapter 3
Solution □ a. 3 x − 5 = 7
3 x − 5 = 7 or 3 x − 5 = −7 If x = a , then x = a or x = − a .
3 x = 12 or 3 x = −2 Add 5 to each side.
−2
x=4 or x = Divide each side by 3.
3
b. x + 3 = 0
x+3= 0 If x = 0 , then x = 0 .
x = −3 Subtract 3 from each side.
c. x − 8 = −3
x − 8 = −3 means that the distance between x and 8 is −3 . Since
distance cannot be negative, the equation has no solution.
−2 2
−1 1
x 0 0 Vertex
O
1 1
2 2
Functions and Linear Equations 51
1 4
Which of the following expressions is equal to −1 For what value of x is 3 x − 5 = −1 ?
for some values of x ?
A) −2
A) 1 − x + 6 B) −1
B) 1 − x + 4 C) 0
D) There is no such value of x .
C) 1 − x + 2
D) 1 − x − 2
5
y
y = f ( x)
2
1
If 2 x + 7 = 5 , which of the following could be x
O
the value of x ?
A) −6
B) −4
The graph of the function f is shown in the
C) −2 xy - plane above. For what value of x is the value
D) 0 of f ( x) at its maximum?
A) −3
B) −1
C) 1
3
D) 3
For what value of x is x − 1 − 1 equal to 1 ?
A) −1
6
B) 0
C) 1 For what value of n is 3 − 3 − n equal to 3?
D) 2
52 Chapter 3
C) 3.5
D) 4
5
x −3 −1 1 5
2
f ( x) 9 5 1 −7
1
The graph of a line in the xy - plane has slope
3
The table above shows some values of the linear
and contains the point (9,1) . The graph of a second
function f . Which of the following defines f ?
line passes through the points (−2, 4) and (5, −3) .
If the two lines intersect at (a, b) , what is the value
A) f ( x) = 2 x − 3
of a + b ?
B) f ( x) = −2 x + 3
A) −2
C) f ( x) = 2 x − 1
B) 2
D) f ( x) = −2 x + 1
C) 4
D) 6
6
3
1
Which of the following expressions is equal to 0 If f ( x) = −6 x + 1 , what is f ( x − 1) equal to?
2
for some value of x ?
A) −3 x + 7
A) 5+ x+5 B) −3 x − 5
B) 5+ x −5 C) −3 x + 1
D) −3 x − 1
C) −5 + x + 5
D) −5 − x − 5
Functions and Linear Equations 53
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following A line in the xy - plane passes through the point
information. 1
(1, −2) and has a slope of .Which of the
Height of a Paraglider 3
H following points lies on the line?
3,000
A) (3, −2)
Height (feet)
2,000 4
B) (2, − )
3
C) (0, −2)
1,000
8
D) (−1, − )
m
3
0 5 10 15
Time (minutes)
10
The graph above shows the relationship between the f ( x) = ax + 2
height of paraglider H , in feet, and time m , in
minutes. In the function above, a is a constant. If
1
f (−1) = 4 , what is the value of f (− ) ?
7 2
Which of the following represents the relationship
between H and m ?
A) H = −100m + 3000
11
B) H = −150m + 3000
If the slope of the line in the xy - plane that passes
C) H = −175m + 3000 3
through the points (2, −4) and (6, k ) is , what
D) H = −225m + 3000 2
is the value of k ?
8
If the height of the paraglider is 1,350 feet, which 12
of the following best approximates the time the
paraglider has been flying? 1 3
x − y = −11
3 4
A) 10 minutes 1 1
x + y = −1
B) 10 minutes and 30 seconds 2 6
If ( x, y ) is the solution to the system of equations
C) 11 minutes
above, what is the value of x + y ?
D) 11 minutes and 30 seconds
CHAPTER 4
Linear Inequalities and Graphs
Notice on the graphs that we use an open dot for or and a solid dot for or .
Properties of Inequalities
For all real numbers a , b , and c , the following are true.
Transitive Property If a b and b c , then a c.
Addition and Subtraction Properties If a b , then a + b a + c and a − c b−c .
a b
Multiplication and Division Properties If a b and c is positive, then ac bc and .
c c
a b
If a b and c is negative, then ac bc and .
c c
Solution □ a. x −2
b. n 1, 200
Example 2 □ Solve 4n − 9 12 − 3n .
Solution □ 4n − 9 12 − 3n
4n − 9 + 3n 12 − 3n + 3n Add 3n to each side.
7 n − 9 12 Simplify.
7 n − 9 + 9 12 + 9 Add 9 to each side.
7 n 21 Simplify.
7 n 21
Divide each side by 7.
7 7
n 3 Simplify.
62 Chapter 4
1 4
If −3 + n 25 , which inequality represents the Nine is not more than the sum of a number and 17.
possible range of values for 4n − 12 ?
Which of the following inequalities represents
the statement above?
A) 4n − 12 −100
B) 4n − 12 100 A) 9 17n
C) 4n − 12 −100 B) 9 n + 17
D) 4n − 12 100 C) 9 17n
D) 9 n + 17
2 5
Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution The product of 7 and number n is no less
1 1 7 5 than 91.
to the inequality x − + x?
2 3 9 2
Which of the following inequalities represents
the statement above?
7
A) −
2 A) 7 n 91
5 B) 7 n 91
B) −
2
C) 7 n 91
3
C) − D) 7 n 91
2
1
D) −
2
−6 −4 −2 0 2
3
Which of the following inequalities represents
If −3a + 7 5a − 17 , what is the greatest possible the graph above?
value of 3a + 7 ?
A) n −5
A) 16
B) n −5
B) 14
C) n −5
C) 12
D) n −5
D) 10
Linear Inequalities and Graphs 63
Since the absolute value of any number x is its distance from zero on a number line, x 1 means that the
distance from zero to x is less than 1 unit and x 1 means that the distance from zero to x is greater than 1
unit. Therefore the inequality x 1 is equivalent to −1 x 1 and x 1 is equivalent to x −1 or x 1 .
Graph of x 1 Graph of x 1
−1 0 1 −1 0 1
The distance between x and 0 is less than1. The distance between x and 0 is greater than1.
To translate more general absolute value inequalities into compound inequalities, use the following properties.
1. The inequality ax + b c is equivalent to −c ax + b c , in which 0 c.
2. The inequality ax + b c is equivalent to ax + b −c or ax + b c , in which 0 c.
In the statements above, could be replaced by and could be replaced by .
Solution □ a. 2 x − 3 7
−7 2x − 3 7 ax + b c is equivalent to −c ax + b c.
−7 + 3 2 x − 3 + 3 7 + 3 Add 3 to each expression.
−4 2 x 10 Simplify.
−4 2 x 10
Divide each expression by 2 .
2 2 2
−2 x 5 Simplify.
b. n − 4 3
n−4 −3 or n − 4 3 ax + b c is equivalent to ax + b −c or
ax + b c .
n−4+4 −3 + 4 or n − 4 3 + 4 Add 4 to each side.
n 1 or n 7 Simplify.
64 Chapter 4
1 5
Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution
to the inequality 3 − n −2 or 2n + 3 −1 ? 1
to the inequality x − 1 1 ?
2
A) −6
A) 0
B) −2
B) 2
C) 2
C) 4
D) 6
D) 6
−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
A) −1
B) 2 Which of the following is the compound inequality
for the graph above?
C) 5
D) 8 A) x −2 or 4 x
B) x −2 or 4 x
3 C) −2 x 4
7
A)
−5 1
If x − 1 − x + 5 , what is the greatest possible
4
B) value of x ?
4
C)
−5 4
D)
−5 4
8
3
4 If n − 2 1 and n is an integer, what is one
4
1 possible value of n ?
If −2 −1 , what is the value of 7 + n
n
2
rounded to the nearest whole number?
Linear Inequalities and Graphs 65
1 3
y y
1 (−1,0)
x x
O 1 O
(0, −1)
Which of the following inequalities represents the Which of the following inequalities represents the
graph above? graph above?
A) x −2 A) x + y −1
B) x −2 B) x + y −1
C) y −2 C) x + y −1
D) y −2 D) x + y −1
2 4
y y
(0, 2) (1, 2)
(−3,0)
x x
O O
1 3
x − 2y −2
y−x 1
y −x + 2
y −2 x
y
y
section B section Q
section R
section C section P
section A x
x O
O
section S
section D
A) Section P
A) Section A
B) Section Q
B) Section B
C) Section R
C) Section C
D) Section S
D) Section D
4
2 y
B) (0, 2)
If the system of inequalities 2 − y 2 x and
C) (5,3)
− x 4 − y is graphed on the xy - plane above,
D) (0, −5) which quadrant contains no solutions to the
system?
A) Quadrant II
B) Quadrant III
C) Quadrant IV
D) There are solutions in all four quadrants.
Linear Inequalities and Graphs 69
3
Which of the following numbers is NOT
3b + 5 Which of the following inequalities represents the
a solution to the inequality b −8 ?
−2 graph above?
A) 0 A) 4 y − 3 x 12
B) 1 B) 4 y − 3 x 12
C) 2 C) 3 y − 4 x 12
D) 3
D) 3 y − 4 x 12
70 Chapter 4
7 9
2 y − 3x 6 y ax + 1
y 1− x y bx − 1
A) Section A
B) Section B 10
C) Section C y 12 x + 600
D) Section D y −6 x + 330
II I
x
O
11
III IV
If −6 3 − 2 x 9 , what is the greatest possible
value of x − 1 ?
If the system of inequalities 3 x and −1 y
is graphed in the xy - plane above, which quadrant
contains no solutions to the system?
A) Quadrant II 12
B) Quadrant III
For what integer value of x is 4 x − 2 17 and
C) Quadrant IV 3 x + 5 24 ?
D) All four quadrants contain solutions.
CHAPTER 5
Word Problems in Real-Life Situation
A linear function y = mx + b can be used as a model for many types of real life word problems which
involve a constant rate of change.
Example 1 □ A person travels home from work at a constant speed. Ten minutes after leaving
work he is 20 miles from home, and 20 minutes after leaving work he is 12 miles
from home. If he continues to travel at the same speed, how long will it take him
to arrive home from work?
Solution □ 1. The problem asks for the number of minutes it takes to travel from work to home.
2. Start with the linear equation y = mx + b , in which y is the distance in miles from
home, and x is the time in minutes.
3. When x = 10, y = 20.
When x = 20, y = 12.
4. 20 = 10m + b First equation
12 = 20m + b Second equation
By subtracting the second equation from the first equation we get
8 = −10m .
8 −10m
= Divide each side by −10 .
−10 −10
4
m=− Simplify.
5
4 4
20 = 10(− ) + b Substitute m = − into the first equation.
5 5
20 = −8 + b Simplify.
b = 28 Simplify.
4 4
y = − x + 28 Replace m with − and b with 48 .
5 5
4
0 = − x + 28 When he arrives home, y = 0 .
5
x = 35 Solve for x .
5. It takes 35 minutes from work to home.
78 Chapter 5
1 4
At the beginning of a trip, the tank of Chloe’s To join Eastlake Country Club one must pay d
car was filled with 12 gallons of gas. When she dollars for a one time membership fee and pay
travels constantly on the highway 60 miles per w dollars for a monthly fee. If the first month is
hour, the car consumes 1 gallon of gas per 35 free for the club, what is the total amount, y ,
miles. If she traveled 5 hours and 15 minutes on
x months after a person joined the club, in terms
the highway with a constant speed of 60 miles
per hour, how many gallons of gas are left in the of d , w , and x ?
tank?
A) y = wx − 1 + d
A) 3
B) y = w( x − 1) + d
B) 4
C) y = d ( x − 1) + w
C) 5
D) 6 D) y = dx − 1 + w
2 5
A rock climber is climbing up a 450 feet high
From 1990 to 2000 The population of city A rose
cliff. By 9:30 AM. the climber reached 90 feet
from 12,000 to 28,000 and the population of city B
up the cliff and by 11:00 AM he has reached
rose from 18,000 to 24,000. If the population of the
210 feet up the cliff. If he climbs with a constant
two cities increased at a constant rate, in what year
speed, by what time will he reach the top of the
was the population of both cities the same?
cliff?
A) 1:45 PM
B) 2:00 PM
C) 2:15 PM
D) 2:30 PM
3 6
In 2005 a house was purchased for $280,000 and An empty 1,200 gallon tank is filled with water
in 2013 it was sold at $334,000. Assuming that at a rate of 6 gallons of water per minute. At the
the value of the house increased at a constant same time, another 1,200 gallon tank full of water
annual rate what will be the price of the house in is being drained at a rate of 9 gallons per minute.
the year 2018? How many minutes will it take for the amount of
water in both tanks to become the same?
A) $354,250
B) $361,000
C) $367,750
D) $374,500
Word Problems in Real-Life Situation 79
Example 1 □ A music store owner purchased x compact discs for $6.50 each. He sold all but
19 of them for $12.00 each. If he made a profit of $564.00 from the compact discs,
what is the value of x ?
Example 2 □ Carl drove from his home to the beach at a speed of 50 mph and returned home
along the same route at a speed of 30mph. If his total driving time for the trip was
two hours, how many minutes did it take him to drive from his home to the beach?
Solution □ 1. The problem asks for the time it took for Carl to drive to the beach.
2. Let t = the time in hours it took for Carl to drive to the beach.
Then 2 − t = the time spent for the return trip.
Make a chart and a sketch showing the given facts.
1 4
1
Distance to Finish Line David used of his monthly salary for groceries
(meters) 10
Jason −8t + 200
3
and of his remaining money for his car
18
Mary −7.5t + 200 payment. He also paid twice as much money for
rent as for his car payment. If David has $1,620
Jason and Mary are running on a 200 meter track. left after paying for groceries, car payment, and
The expressions in the table above show the rent, how much is his monthly salary?
distance to the finish line t seconds after they
started the race. How many meters will Mary have A) $3,240
left to finish the race when Jason is on the finish
line? B) $3,320
C) $3,480
A) 10.5 meters D) $3,600
B) 11.5 meters
C) 12.5 meters
D) 13.5 meters
5
In a school election, 680 students voted for one
2 of two candidates for president. If the winner
received 120 more votes than the loser, how many
At a bagel shop the first 6 bagels purchased cost votes did the winner receive?
55 cents apiece, and additional bagels cost c
cents apiece. If a customer paid $5.70 for 12
bagels, what is the value of c ?
A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 40
6
3
3 If a gas tank contains 15 liters of gas and is full,
8
Manny bought c candies at a price of 70 cents how many additional liters of gas are needed to fill
each. He sold all but k candies at a price of up the tank?
$1.25, and made a profit of p dollars. Which of
the following represents p in terms of c and k ?
A) p = 1.25(c − k ) − 0.7c
B) p = 1.25c − 0.7 k
C) p = 1.25c − 0.7(c − k )
D) p = 1.25(c − k ) − 0.7 k
Word Problems in Real-Life Situation 81
Example 1 □ At a museum, Elly bought 3 student tickets and 2 adult tickets for $29.00. At the
same museum Samantha bought 5 student tickets and 4 adult tickets for $54.00.
How much does one student ticket and one adult ticket cost?
Solution □ 1. The problem asks for the cost of one student ticket plus one adult ticket.
2. Let s = the price of student ticket and
and a = the price of adult ticket.
Example 2 □ On the second weekend of July, Eric hiked 10 less than twice the number of
miles that he hiked on the first weekend of July. In these two weeks he hiked
a total of 38 miles. How many miles did he hike on the first weekend?
Solution □ 1. The problem asks for the number of miles Eric hiked on the first week of July.
2. Let f = the number of miles Eric hiked on the first week
and s = the number of miles Eric hiked on the second week.
1 4
Adam and Betty purchased a printer together for In a car dealership, all of the vehicles are either
$258. If Adam paid $18 less than twice Betty, a sedan or a SUV. If 36 sedans are sold and 36
how much money did Adam pay for the printer? SUVs are added, there will be an equal number
of sedans and SUVs. If 8 SUVs are sold and 8
A) 172 sedans are added, there will be twice as many
sedans as SUVs. How many sedans were at the
B) 166 dealership before any vehicle was sold?
C) 158
D) 146 A) 132
B) 144
C) 156
D) 168
2
There are 28 tables for customers at Mesa Grill
Restaurant. The tables are either two-seat tables
or four-seat tables. When all the tables are full,
there will be 90 customers in the restaurant. How
many two-seat tables are at the restaurant?
5
s = r − 16
A)
3 r = 6s
In a basketball, a field goal is either 2 or 3 points. s = r − 5.25
In a college basketball tournament, Jim made 73 B)
4r = 16
more 2-point field goals than 3-point field goals.
If he scored a total of 216 goals in the tournament s = r − 5.25
how many 3-point field goals did he make? C)
4r = 6 s
A) 12 s = r + 5.25
D)
B) 14 4r = 6 s
C) 16
D) 18
Word Problems in Real-Life Situation 83
Example 1 □ Apex Car Rental charges a flat fee of $40.00 per day plus $0.54 per mile to rent
a car. Jason Car Rental charges a flat fee of $65.00 per day plus $0.36 per mile to
rent a car. If a car is rented for three days, at least how many miles would you have
to drive, to the nearest mile, to make the Jason Car Rental company the better option?
Solution □ 1. The problem asks for how many miles you would have to drive to make
Jason Car Rental the better option.
2. Let x = the number of miles of driving which would make Jason Car Rental
the better option.
Example 2 □ A 38 inch long wire is cut into two pieces. The longer piece has to be at least
3 inches longer than twice the shorter piece. What is the maximum length of
the shorter piece, to the nearest inch?
Solution □ 1. The problem asks for the maximum length of the shorter piece,
to the nearest inch.
2. Let x = the length of the shorter piece,
and 38 − x = the length of the longer piece.
3. The longer piece is at least 3 inches longer than twice the shorter piece.
38 − x 2x + 3
4. 38 − x + x 2 x + 3 + x Add x to each side.
38 3 x + 3 Simplify.
38 − 3 3 x + 3 − 3 Subtract 3 from each side.
35 3 x Simplify.
35
(≈ 11.66) x Divide each side by 3.
3
5. The maximum length of the shorter piece, to the nearest inch, is 11.
84 Chapter 5
1 4
Tom wants to rent a truck for two days and pay
no more than $300. How far can he drive the truck At a sporting goods store, Jay paid $172 for a pair
if the truck rental cost $49 a day plus $0.40 a mile? of shoes and a pair of pants. The pants cost less
than two thirds of what the shoes cost. What is the
minimum price of the shoes to the nearest dollar?
A) 490
B) 505
C) 520
D) 535
2
Tim has 140 paperback and hard cover copies in
his book shelf. If the hard cover copies do not
exceed one sixth the number of paperback copies,
what is the minimum number of paperback copies
in Tim’s book shelf?
A) 114 5
B) 116 Ty earns $14 an hour working on weekdays and
C) 118 $21 an hour working on weekends. If he wants to
make at least $600 by working a total of 36 hours
D) 120 in a week, to the nearest hour, at least how many
hours does he need work on the weekends?
3
The number of students in a geometry class is four
fifths the number of students in a Spanish class.
The total number of students in both classes does
not exceed 54. What is the greatest possible
number of students in the Spanish class?
A) 30
B) 32
C) 34
D) 36
Word Problems in Real-Life Situation 85
3
Questions 1 - 3 refer to the following information.
Company B’s total cost, y, is the fixed amount
The manager of an apartment building needs an for a service call plus the hourly rates. If the
electrician to repair the power generator for the relationship between Company B’s total cost,
building. The table below shows the fixed amount y, and the number of hours, x , is graphed in
for a time service call and hourly charges for two the xy - plane, what does the slope of the line
different companies. represent?
Company Fixed amount Hourly Rate A) Fixed amount for a service call
for a service call
A $40 $55 B) Hourly Rate
B $75 $48 C) Total amount for one day
D) Total amount for repairing the power
generator
1
Which of the following equations gives the total
cost, y, of repairing the power generator in terms
of the total number of hours, x , from company A? 4
Apex Car Rental company charges a flat fee
A) y = 48 x + 75 of $40.00 per day plus $0.75 per mile to rent
a car. Jason Car Rental company charges
B) y = 75 x + 48 a flat fee of $64.00 per day plus $0.60 per mile
C) y = 40 x + 55 to rent a car. If a car is rented for three days, at
how many miles would the rental charges of the
D) y = 55 x + 40 two companies be the same?
A) 480
B) 450
2 C) 420
6 9
Carl drove from his home to the beach at an A car averages 18 miles per gallon of gas for city
average speed of 50 mph and returned home driving and 27 miles per gallon of gas for highway
along the same route at an average speed of driving. What is the total number of gallons of
30 mph. His total driving time for the trip was gas needed to drive 6x miles in the city and 18x
2 hours. Solving which of the following systems miles on the highway?
of equations yields, x , the time it took for Carl
to drive to the beach and, y , the time spent for A) x
the return trip?
B) 2x
A) x = y + 2 C) 3.5x
50 x = 30 y
D) 4.5x
B) x + y = 2
30 x = 50 y
C) x + y = 2
50 x = 30 y
10
D) y = x + 2
30 x = 50 y One section of a grocery store display only water
bottles. The water bottles are in either 6-bottle
packages or 8-bottle packages. Let x represent
the number of 6-bottle packages and y represent
7 the number of 8-bottle packages. The total number
To join Ace Gym, one must pay a $180 of packages displayed are 270 and the total number
membership fee plus dues of $35 per month. of bottles are 1,860. To find the values of variables
To join Best Gym, one must pay a $300 x and y, which of the following systems of
membership fee plus dues of $23 per month. equations can be used?
At how many months would the total cost of
either gym be the same?
x + y = 1,860
A)
6 x + 8 y = 270
A) 7
B) 8 6 x + 8 y = 1,860
B)
x + y = 270
C) 9
D) 10 8 x + 6 y = 1,860
C)
x + y = 270
x + y = 1,860
8 D)
8 x + 6 y = 270
At a county fair the admission is $8.00 and each
ride costs $1.25. If you go to the fair with $20.00,
what is the maximum number of rides you can go
on?
A) 8
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11