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Practical 1

The document outlines a practical procedure to determine the saponification value of coconut oil, which measures the amount of potassium hydroxide needed to saponify a specific weight of oil. It includes a detailed list of materials, step-by-step instructions for the experiment, and calculations for determining the saponification value using titration results. Additionally, it provides instructions for preparing ethanolic potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid solutions required for the experiment.

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muhammadatharshahzad18
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16 views4 pages

Practical 1

The document outlines a practical procedure to determine the saponification value of coconut oil, which measures the amount of potassium hydroxide needed to saponify a specific weight of oil. It includes a detailed list of materials, step-by-step instructions for the experiment, and calculations for determining the saponification value using titration results. Additionally, it provides instructions for preparing ethanolic potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid solutions required for the experiment.

Uploaded by

muhammadatharshahzad18
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Practical.

1 Determine saponification value of a given coconut oil

Principle:
The saponification value is the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) required to
saponify one gram of fat or oil. Saponification involves the hydrolysis of the ester linkages in
triglycerides (fats and oils) by a strong base (like KOH) to produce glycerol and fatty acid salts
(soap).
Materials:
 Coconut oil sample
 Ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution (0.5 N)
 Standard hydrochloric acid solution (0.5 N)
 Phenolphthalein indicator
 Erlenmeyer flasks
 Reflux condensers
 Hot plate or water bath
 Burette
 Pipettes
 Analytical balance
Procedure:
1. Weigh the Oil Sample: Accurately weigh a known amount (1-2 grams) of the coconut
oil into a clean and dry Erlenmeyer flask. Record the exact weight.
2. Add Ethanolic KOH: Add a measured volume (25 mL) of the ethanolic KOH solution
to the flask. The KOH should be in excess to ensure complete saponification.
3. Reflux: Attach a reflux condenser to the flask. Heat the mixture gently in a water bath or
on a hot plate with low heat for about 30-60 minutes.
4. Cool: After heating, remove the flask from the heat and allow it to cool to room
temperature.
5. Titration:
 Add a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator to the cooled solution.
 Titrate the solution with the standard hydrochloric acid solution from a burette
until the pink color of the phenolphthalein just disappears, indicating the
neutralization of the excess KOH. Record the volume of HCl used.

6. Blank Titration: Perform a blank titration using the same procedure but without the
coconut oil sample. This will determine the exact concentration of the KOH solution.
Add the same volume of ethanolic KOH used in the sample experiment to an Erlenmeyer
flask, heat under reflux for the same duration, cool, add phenolphthalein, and titrate with
the standard HCl. Record the volume of HCl used for the blank.

Calculation:
The saponification value (SV) is calculated using the following formula:
(V ¿ ¿ blank – V sample )× N × 56.1
S.V = W sample
¿

Here:
 Vblank = Volume of HCl used in the blank titration (mL)
 Vsample = Volume of HCl used in the sample titration (mL)
 N = Normality (or Molarity if HCl is monobasic) of the HCl solution (mol/L or eq/L)
 56.1 = Molecular weight of KOH (g/mol)
 Wsample = Weight of the coconut oil sample (g)

Extra
Preparation of alcoholic KOH (for approximately 1 Liter):
1. Weigh KOH: Carefully weigh out approximately 30-35 grams of potassium hydroxide
(KOH) pellets. Note the exact weight. Using a slight excess helps ensure you reach the
desired normality after standardization. KOH is corrosive; handle it with gloves and eye
protection in a well-ventilated area.
2. Dissolve KOH: Dissolve the weighed KOH in about 20-50 mL of distilled water in a
suitable container (e.g., a beaker made of borosilicate glass). Swirl gently to dissolve.
Dissolving in a small amount of water first helps prevent excessive heat generation.
3. Add Ethanol: Slowly add aldehyde-free ethanol (95% or absolute) to the KOH solution
while stirring until the total volume reaches 1 liter.

Preparation of HCl (for approximately 1 Liter):

 Concentrated HCl is 37% (w/w) andH has a density of 1.18 g/mL (these values are
typical but check the label on your bottle).
 Molar mass of HCl = 1.01 (H) + 35.45 (Cl) = 36.46 g/mol.
 Molarity of concentrated HCl (M1):
(% purity × density ×1000)
M1 =
Molar mass
(37 ×1.18 × 1000)
= ≈ 12.06
36.46

M
 Using the dilution formula (M1V1=M2V2) to prepare 1 liter of 0.5 M (0.5 N) HCl:
12.06 M ×V1 = 0.5 M × 1000mL
0.5 ×1000
V1 = ≈ 41.46 mL
12.06

Practical Preparation (for 1 Liter):


1. Measure Water: Carefully measure about 1000 mL of distilled water into a 1-liter
volumetric flask.
2. Add Concentrated HCl: In a fume hood, using a precise pipette, carefully add 41.46 mL
of concentrated hydrochloric acid to the water in the flask. Always add acid to water
slowly and with stirring to dissipate the heat generated.
3. Cool and Dilute: Allow the solution to cool to room temperature. Then, carefully add
more distilled water to the flask until the volume reaches the 1-liter mark. Ensure the
bottom of the meniscus aligns with the calibration mark.

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