Addis Ababa Science And Technology

University (AASTU)
Department of Civil Engineering
Course Title: Workshop
Group Assignment
Student Name ID No

Yoseph Deneke ETS1536/16

Mufid Fowzi ETS1025/16

Kirubel Tesfaye ETS0842/16

Mohammed Siraj ETS1012/16
Yonatan Birhane ETS1506/16
Kaleab Tegegn ETS0733/15
 Submitted To: Mr. Eskindir
Introduction

This is a report of a project at Meskel flower and it’s documented

because of the importance of Real life building construction
practices.The report includes detailed descriptions of materials,
equipment, methods, and safety measures used on-site, along
with observations on practical issues and suggested
improvements.
1. Concrete Work (G+5 Arts Museum Project in Meskel Adebabay)
a) Types of concrete work in your project location: In the
museum project, the types of concrete work include:
Footings for foundation support
 Columns for vertical load-bearing structure
 Beams for horizontal load transfer
 Slabs for flooring
 Staircases
 Retaining walls for exterior landscaping

b) Grades of concrete and why selected:

Concrete Element Grading Used Reason for use
Column and shear M30 High-strength needed
for vertical load-bearing and
Walls seismic resistance (Addis
Ababa is in a seismic zone).
Beams and slabs M25 Moderate to high load-
carrying requirement;
commonly used for floors
and beams in multi-story
buildings.

Footings M25-30 Needs strong compressive

strength to support total
building load
Stairs M20-25 Less critical than structural
members, but still must be
durable and stable.
 c) Concrete batching type used:
Ready-mix concrete (RMC) supplied by a batching plant is
used, ensuring consistent quality and time efficiency.
d) Mixing procedure and equipment used:
 Dry materials and water are proportioned by weight and
mixed using drum mixers.
 Minimal mixing using portable mixers for small adjustments
or patching work
Equipment used: shovels, Drum mixers

e) Transportation mechanism and equipment used:

Transit mixers deliver concrete to the site.
Wheel barrows for short distance within the site
Concrete pumps for vertical transportation of concretes
f) Placing and curing procedure and equipment:
Concrete is placed using pumps and chutes.
Vibrators (internal needle type) are used for compaction.
Curing is done by ponding on slabs and wet burlap wrapping for
columns and beams.
g) Method of curing and duration:
Water curing is the main method.
Curing period:
Columns and beams: Minimum 21days
Slabs: 10–14 days
Footings: At least 7 days Proper curing is essential to achieve the
desired strength and prevent surface cracks.
h) Defects/problems and remedial measures:
 Cold joints observed in slab due to delay in concrete delivery.
Resolved by surface roughening and applying bonding agent
before the next pour.
 Cracks in one column—repaired using epoxy injection.
 Segregation in some beams—prevented in future by
reducing free fall height and improving mixing control.

2. Reinforcement – Bars and Bar Bending & Tying Works

a) Diameter, shape, and length of re-bars used in structural

elements:
In the G+5 arts museum construction, reinforcement is crucial for
structural integrity. Based on the site observations:
Columns:
Main bars: 16 mm or 20 mm diameter
Stirrups: 8 mm diameter, spaced at 150 mm c/c (closer at ends)
Beams:
Top/Bottom bars: 12 mm to 20 mm depending on span
Stirrups: 8 mm diameter, 100–150 mm c/c spacing
Slabs:
Main bars: 10 mm or 12 mm, placed at 150 mm c/c
Distribution bars: 8 mm
Footings:
Bottom mesh: 16 mm bars in both directions
Top mesh: 12 mm bars
Spacing: typically 150 mm c/c

Bar shapes observed include:

Straight bars, L-bent bars, and U-shaped stirrups.
Hooks are provided at ends of stirrups for anchorage.

b) Method of bar bending and tying

1. Placement of Rebars:
 Position the rebars according to the structural drawings and
specifications.
 Ensure proper alignment and spacing between rebars.
2. Tying Rebars:
Manual Tying:
 Use tying wire (typically annealed wire) cut into appropriate
lengths.
 Wrap the wire around the intersecting rebars, forming a tight
twist with pliers.
 Ensure sufficient overlap between rebars to provide proper
bond strength.
3. Checking: - Verify that all rebars are properly tied and secured
at intersections.
 Ensure adequate lap splices and overlap lengths as per
design requirements.
3) Carpentry Works
a) Define Carpentry Work:
Carpentry work in construction refers to the process of measuring,
cutting, assembling, and installing wooden or engineered timber
components. In concrete works, this mainly includes formwork
construction for beams, columns, slabs, and staircases.

b) Carpentry works in your project:

At the arts museum site, the main carpentry works observed are:
 Formwork (shuttering) for columns, beams, and slabs
 Formwork for staircases and cantilevered slabs
 Temporary platforms and scaffolding
Procedure followed:
1. Measurement and marking based on structural drawings
2. Cutting of plywood and timber to size
3. Assembling panels using nails, clamps, and steel supports
4. Positioning and bracing of formwork to ensure alignment
5. Oil application inside formwork ( የተቃለ ዘይት mostly in ethiopia )
to allow easy removal
6. Dismantling after proper curing time
c) Tools/equipment used for carpentry work:
 Measuring tape
 Hand saw / circular saw
 Hammer and nails
 Clamps and props
 Spirit level for checking plumb and level
 Formwork panels (plywood or metal)
 Screws, nails, and shuttering oil
 d) Findings and defects observed:
Gaps at joints in beam formwork: Caused minor concrete leakage;
sealed with foam tape before next pour.
Misalignment in one slab edge: Corrected using additional bracing
and double-checking level before pouring.
Nail protrusions in formwork: Removed to prevent concrete
surface damage.
Timber warping observed in reused plywood: Recommended
switching to better-quality or metal formwork for clean finish.

4) Health and Safety Consideration

c) Health and safety measures taken during different
activities on site:
At the museum construction site, several safety protocols were
observed to ensure the well-being of workers and prevent
accidents:
1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
 Workers were required to wear helmets, safety boots,
reflective vests, gloves, and face masks (especially during
dust-generating tasks).
 Eye protection used during grinding and cutting steel.