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RD Sherma

The document discusses various mathematical concepts related to matrices, including equal matrices, matrix orders, and specific examples of matrix operations. It provides examples of constructing matrices, finding elements, and solving equations involving matrices. Additionally, it covers properties of matrices such as associativity and the relationship between matrix addition and multiplication.

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pravakarb1984
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9 views23 pages

RD Sherma

The document discusses various mathematical concepts related to matrices, including equal matrices, matrix orders, and specific examples of matrix operations. It provides examples of constructing matrices, finding elements, and solving equations involving matrices. Additionally, it covers properties of matrices such as associativity and the relationship between matrix addition and multiplication.

Uploaded by

pravakarb1984
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© © All Rights Reserved
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5:27 PM 0.0KB/s © Bui) @ GD 80% & www.scribd.com/document/ © 7 matrices are equal: -6 = 24 4a EXAMPLES Ie orders it can have? the posse en it has mn elements. “iithave to find all ordered pai vrered pairs of this type are: trix such thata and bare factors of 12. Clearly, @. 40), (12,1), (3,4), (4, 3) (2, 8) (6 2) ble orders of the matrix are : Wenig, 12x L, 3x 4,4 3, 2x band 6« 2. EXAMPLE? If A =[q] i a matrix given by Hence, 4-21 3 A=Il=|5 79 6 21 15 18 -25 ‘write the order of A and find the elements ang, 034 Also, show that a9 =a + Aq - 3x4 The element lying at the intersection of 2nd row and fourth column is 6 a Oy = 6 ‘ Similarly, the element lying at the intersecti i Sanat the Set lying ot the intersection of third row and fourth column is —25. 439 = 15, 23 = 9 and ayy = 832 = 15 = 946 = a5 4ayy, EXAMPLE 3, Construct a2 2 mat Az oo Ujlihas elements ae given by q, + 20" i+ . 1 a ‘SOLUTION Here a= 042)" 65 <> 7 2 and L b =8) b 8 a a +B=6a = a” ~6a+8=0=> (a-4)(a-2)=0 = a=2,4. =2and ab =8 => b=4 a=4 and ab =8 = b=2. a@=2andb=4, or a-4 and b=2 For what values of x and y are the following matrices equa? Best 3y | , [23 fa] 0. Psy |’ 05 sl The corresponding elements of two equal matrices are equal. Therefore, 41 3y ]_[x+3 y?+2 yy} | o -6 x43, 3y=y2+2 and y? -5y=-6 =3y+2=0 and y> -5y+6=0 (y-2)=0and (y-2)(y=3)=0 pee as [rys12andy=2,3 = 5:27 PM o.1KB/s © 3.0) SS GD 80% have? ple orders it can ‘what are the poss 2-1 3 sa wut ni [3 ‘ then find 07 -2 1 con denotes i OR on et at, denotes the rst row of 4 and C> den jces R, and Cp. column, then determine the orders of matrices 1 : “4. Construct a2 x 3 matrix A =[aj] whose elements 4; are giver. by: Gay -mj) Bay-2-) Bay =F (vie 5, Construct a 2x 2matrix A =|4,]whose elements a, are given by: - oo UNCERT] i) 4 = (i ah era) = ee [CBSE 2002} @) 4 Qi +i? (wg = A (ei) gy = 4d Se ase, = Sea) rd 0) a = E314) are given by: Git) ay, =i Be Deg mee 44 5:28 PM 0.0KB/s © S G 80% & www.scribd.com/document/ © = [SCRIBD] | search oa eS eee 3b z+2c +4 -21 0 values of a, b, c, x, y andz. 10 | = ke = a _ find the value of (x + y). [cB ‘matrix which is also a column matrix i) a triangular matrix. figure of two car dealers during January 2013 showed that dealer A sold § mium and 4 standard cars, while dealer B sold 7 deluxe, 2 premium and 3 + is. Total sales over the 2 month period of January-February revealed that dealer premium and 6 standard cars. In the same 2 month period, dealer B sold 1) m and 7 standard cars. Write 2 x 3 matrices summarizing sales data for period for each dealer. Ah (ii) 1x5,5¥1 3.1% 4,3x1 28) Addin sip, Oe i0td aad wn [3 4 a [672 8 25) 1/2 9/2 ‘ 9/2 8 0 el us) [27 val 5:28 PM 0.0KB/s © Bui) S GD 80% L[SCHIBD] search Q 0 0 a 3 = diag 321 el > > ake gael iag(@ 2 1) j 3 00)[8 0 o 100 (+4B=/0 -3 O}+/0 2 O =| 0 9 0 | = diag(@i 9 2) Oy) 06 0 0 -4 002 is evident from the above example that if A = diag (0, a2 a3 ... a) and (by by by ... by) Then, Bz diag (a, +b, a) +b a3 +b3... ay +0,) _ Simi: cos 0 Sine Be |+smol See ~ ee | (cBSE2012, NCERTI cos@ sin ® sin @ —cos® | in 0 Se sin 0 -si 6 2. sin 0 cos 0 sin? @ sin 8 cos cos? 0 ae Ocos® sin? 0 2 sea yi ei f a " Be pono cos? 6 + sin? @ o1 < > Oa 2 = 5:28 PM 31.1KB/s © Bu) BS GD 80% DS BPG) (a - [3] 5:28 PM | & GB 80% fon oss rupees sae October is given by A + B. Ptr Naura npsorsina 2000410000 90,000 S00 | +B! soo04 20000 30,0004 10,000 40,000 + 10,000 Basmati Permal Naura 15000 30,000 36,000] Ram Kishan = — AFB=\roo00 40,000 Gaal Gurcharan Singh i) Tho change in sales from September to October is given by A ~ B Clearly, ‘Basmati Permal Naura 10,000 —5,000 20,000 -10,000 30,000 - 6000 50,000-20,000 30,000 -10,000 10,000 ed Be rene faNeet AUB eas 10,000 Zool Ram Kishan A-B= 30,000 20,000 0| Gurcharan Singh ‘The: CO) pi etiirnerand for each variety sold in October at the rate of 2% of grosssale Basmati ermal 2 of B= 5s 8-002 B=0 000 10,000 6,000 20,000 10,000 nia Basmati Permal Naura 3 200 109 Naura Z Ram Kishan, + Gurcharan Singh Ram Kishan 7 & GD 80% 5:29 PM 0.0KB/s © -1 selina reaeek nich ak GB 0 : arty 5 ws 5] = (49 121 's/50 eae find vant Sxitlo1| f1 0 2] MY Find the value of 2, amon-cero sales, if( 4 5] < > Oa 2 = 5:29 PM 14.7KB/s © | GB 80% Rigel d ix C such that A +B +C is zero 9 zi aoa =[} 4, 1] ind the matin 5) Peal ela) (53) “las at a {) A+ Bdowsnot exist B+ C=[ tae 6 6 6 7 1 -6 -13 -4 7 1-11 —& @ diag -7 17) (ii) diag(-9 14-18) (8) 28+ 3A does mex, 30-48 =| ate Al «[ 2-14 nal (iii) diag (@7 -22 =I = a ft,=2: x(a a}y=[6 3] : Bes | i sf 3 -2 =| eff 2 2 “i qa [rs 3] 10.X - aS “ ie " pak a) a vf fulnieg) 4 14/3 3 23] x 5:29 PM 10.6KB/s © BB. & GD 80% & www.scribd.com/document/ © = [seniao) (== a DN ies marx polynomial ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES is associative, Therefore, we can find ABC either by. Let us compute A (BC), aceon BC isof order 3x1. the product of matrices is 1B) Cor by computing 4 (BO) and Cis 3x1 Ae zan ea? [| From () and (i), we obtain that (4 +B)? + A + 24B AMES Pre tht the prs of mares 5:29 PM 0.0KB/s © = [scnieo] [Sie a | SOLUTION Webave, z S GD 80% a1 VJamas-[T 0 1-177 |: 4 ae 10 72 1) [21 2 o} {1 o|*|2 pei 1] _[3 0 a+B=|2 3 [+11 0|=|3 3 meee 2°) -[.2 °] A+D=A+PIASH=!5 3] 3 3/-|18 9 ak]. 227 18 2 Also, A? + 2AB+B? = Oe aa a 1 Paes a7 4a 21 2 12 . From (i) and (ii), we obtain that (A + By Be. SAMPLES Proe tat te pretict of matrices [ cos?o coOsin 0} eas 4 GsGsinB sinty [4] oe SS bsin gd) cos$sing —sin2g | 4sthe mull matrix, when Oand pater by anata sustione oy ® SOLUTION. Wehave. Te ial me ee leortsind: sn? 0 lle git y eo £087 0 6057 $+ cos 6 a 2 sin sing <> F $con 0n 9 + “Oem gant "8008 $ sin § + cos sin Osindl } = [Seb tm - 4 css gat no 8008 bin in? Osis? #C05(0-@ gin gat” 8¢05(0 4 gil =i 9) sn 4005/69] a =o 0} mS Prensa 2 EXAMPLES fA i 21] [3 ji prez (At DASB = AP ape (Ar DAHA+ R= Ary ge BPaBA+AB+ B= 42, y2 [By distributive law] BA+AB = 0 [By distributive lave] 5:30 PM 0.0KB/s © 3.0 & CD 80% = [scri90 SEF2=0; = 041=0, 24-250 and a, b+4-0 e o4 gS YA=|_1 (|, find xandy such that (x1 + yA)? =A, RGF fee) 6 il eaelce = a? -1 and ati =5 = a= t Landa = 4,which is not possitle. Hence, there is no valueof a for which A? = Bis true. Fal yh Al ef? 9 EXAMPTET tA 5:30 PM 11.9KB/s © Bui) ZS GD 80% = (sone > Tuy? 4 ee oe ae og. for hich 8 ‘a 0) _fl Al 2 = fdhi-b: wt+o 0 +0) _ (1 1 = Py e]-B S a oj po = fast 1 = oF =landa+i=5 ,. = a= tT anda ~ 4,which isnot possible. Hence, there is no value of a for which A? = Bis true = pe 5 prams Lt A-[3 ie tel zl Finda mares D such hat CD ~ AB = 0. tNcert) | > sourtion Leo = [Ff] then, cD -AB = 0 = D=aR 2 5ifa b) [2-15 2 55 > Gal -6 a 4 " eae Boo) [0-7 4 Bar8r W+ay) ~ [15428 outs] = [Mt By) 63 0 _ Sa+8r wsay) [a 22 Mtr = 3,304 8r = 43, 4 55 — > 2b 5y = oand ap Solving 2e-+51=3and 32+ 8x =13, we got « eae wy=2 a - = -Wland x = Bie thy Dery 22 vege tng nn? 7 o-{% Al ae =n0 andy = 44. SOL Lo as ce fan(a/ 2) fan(a/ ) ie 2 o Jar 1 be the iden a tity matrix of order. fsooa ~ sin a} ea cee Tstn?® tan ar OWL tant SH a ee < > a 2 = 5:30 PM 11.4KB/s © 1) & GBD 80% = [scmieo] [sen a 828 1 tan? & —2 .. a] 4 tan? = 2 z 2tan 1+ tan? & a mt: =sin a) ]- Nee 14 tala at lie? ase 1a 42e saree? tee ate 2 22d +P ra+t)] 1+? Let? i | a mans ler+ A 1 ICBSE 20061 MATHERS 9 i o we ICRSE snee 5:30 PM 14.3KB/s © HB.) & GD 80% "28 | Let Fe) =3? 52+ 6.Find f(A) ipa a] 2 "3 x i = [SCRIBD] | Search Q peas slot AP = BA 4K fee 1 8l- diay al > 1=8tk and ek = 49 3K - ~7 2-1) [1 -8 -10) EXAMPLE 1 1 Jef} -2 -5|. find A Awake ls 2-35 IROLUION Since the product puteix ie a 3% 3 matrix and the premultiplier of A is a 9x2 matrix. Therefore, A is 2 3 matrix. Let a=[2 { £] then the given equation becomes Po a (2-4-9) 1 off; y ‘+ a2 3) -3 4 on 2x-a 2y-b = r y nSxrde -ay ssh - Be arent, m1, -9a4 eAys4bam, 2:-c Stel an3.y=-2,5-4) ae act “2 -* ae, 6 te revels ware len coer D8 Cpe et F y= Fixsy) K > a 2 = 5:30 PM 17.1KB/s © BB.) & G 80% = [scateo] [Sie a | : ie e/Ah wastes eae 61,7 * yA becom becca ey rede i 0 sf o4 aa=]2 1 3//2 1 | 1 -10]/1 a0 q [BE 040-1 Heal [ 44243 041-3 24340] =| 9 — 2-250 0-160 1-300] [9 21-3 (5x2 (5x0 (-8)x1 “10 0 -5 =5A =| (-5)x2 (5x1 (-8) x3. -10 -5 -15 (5x1 C5x(-1) (-5)x0 5 5 0 100] [600 , 65-601 0/=|0 60 oo1] jooe6 if ot [9 0 3) [60 Mijn a?—sAsciz-|9 2 5 |e <0 -s -a5 |s[0 6 [0 21 “2s 0) [oo Teas f(A)=A? -5A+61,=| -1 -1 -10 Hedi 3 2 54 471p =0. 4 IfA- f : 2 | shoe tat & A +7 =0 (-5)« 3 (-5)x1 C8)x-0) (-5)*2 =o -5),{7 | [ha Shee 8-15+7 5-5+0 =[o ol =545+0 3-10+7 00 2 2 pape? iti eae -12 ve, f (x) =x* -40 +7 k 5:31 PM 9.2KB/s © Bu) & GD 80% & www.scribd.com/document/ © - 33000011 x = 306000 > x = 12,000 parts of € 30,000 are € 12,000 and & 18,000 respectively. aes 3][-3 2 -1 products AB and BA whichever exists in each of the following cases: bjmeeB ii] ote s gy | notin fsm20 5020) ings (CBSE 200%) < > Oa 2 = 5:31 PM 0.0KB/s © = [scni60] a & GBD 80% a c Je mantaones {so tad 5:31 PM 0.1KB/s © Bau) S GD 80% = [scri90 {CBSE 2003, 20071 2 3 stor mat ase -0 2 3 otisennectnton sa = | soma AB-5A+71 =0- = x 24 A=0. es avaract? 3]. show tha a?-44? +4 *6 < > Oa 2 = 5:31 PM 0.3KB/s © = fscniso} [Se a | GB 80% nanan =o -2 (A) =O. b

S]{s]-0 aon2u|2 0 1//2/-0 1 0 2} |x| lO 2) /x (ii [r-5-1] 0 21] ) 4-0 2 03} [1 a 2 41 A=! 3-4 5 | compute A?~44 + 315, oO -13 42 ME f(x) =2? ~ 2, find f (A), where A =| ‘ 5 5 ° o23 Bu) S GD 80% 5:32 PM 17.6KB/s © = [scriso] [se a Ras a [i 2 3)_f-7 -a- ADs Dmatsis Asch dus a? ee j-[% : | INCERT] a-(t a}, Anas, -[t 1} at positive integer. - (2) #1} foreveypostiveinger. ; {Jemma of 6 cos @ isin 9 Bil4- [Sno coe " cosn@ i sinn wel rat ne tense | , then prove by principle of mathematical induction that sinn® cosn 6 | coratsina \Fsina Bet sina coa-sina| Pret eosna + sin 2 esnatsinna — VPsinna for ane. -V2sinna costa -sinna a 5A { o1 } then use the principle of mathematical induction to show that oo n(n+1)/2 1 oA") 0 tr | for every positive integer oo 1 8 IEB,Care n rowed square matrices and ‘tveryn eN, A+! = BT (B+ (n+ 1)C)- a= show that AM = diag (¢! 0” c") for all postive integer z cs “4 2-columns while the matrix ¥ has b+ 1 rows 1 J 1 1 ifA=B+C, BC=CB, C* =O, then show that for if 61 IfAcand B are square matrices of the s AB+ B () (Av BP eA? +2 < > Oa 2 = | GB 80% 5:32 PM 14.1KB/s © = [SCRIBD] Search Q Telephone Null es 63. €159% a1 Letter 65. @) © ‘of contacts of each type made in two cities X and ¥ is given in matrix Bag Telephone House call Letter 4. Gi) _ 1000 500 : B=[5m 100 10000] 0 A the total amount spent by the group in the two cities X and Y. A A trust fund has € 30000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds. The fit e "bond pays 5% interest per year, and the second bond pays 7% interest per year. Using ‘matrix multiplication, determine how to divide ® 30000 among the two types of bonds. F nie ‘thetrust fund must obtain anannal total interest of (i) 21800 (ii) ©2000. (NCERT) mid 31 42 > A 153 3 |-B=| 5 2]anac-|-3 5 E -24 50 4 Verify that AB = AC though BC, A +0. eri 0 4 0 42 ; Ea ® [3% 10 3] w|i “1 56 -2

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