EX.

NO:1 WRITE A PROBLEM STATEMENT TO DEFINE A

TITLE OF THE PROJECT WITH BOUNDED SCOPE
DATE:
OF THE PROJECT

Aim:

To write a problem statement to define the title of E-Health Care Management System
with its bounded scope.

Problem Statement:

The healthcare industry today faces mounting challenges due to the growing
complexity and volume of patient data, alongside the rising demand for accessible,
personalized, and efficient care. Traditional systems often dependent on paper-based records
and manual workflows create bottlenecks that lead to delays, miscommunication, and costly
errors. In an era where technology plays a vital role in almost every sector, the healthcare
field is rapidly shifting toward digital solutions like electronic health records (HER),
telemedicine, and integrated healthcare platforms to streamline operations and enhance
patient experiences. However, this transition is not without its difficulties. Many healthcare
organizations encounter hurdles such as data interoperability issues, cybersecurity risks, and
difficulties in aligning new systems with their existing infrastructure. Moreover, the human
element poses additional challenges staff may require training to adapt to new systems, and
technological gaps between regions can widen inequalities in access and usage. To address
these concerns, there is an urgent need for e-healthcare solutions that are not only secure and
scalable but also intuitive and inclusive. These systems must facilitate real-time data sharing,
support smooth collaboration across providers, and ensure the protection of sensitive health
information. Ultimately, the goal is to improve care delivery, enhance patient safety, reduce
operational costs, and foster a healthcare environment that is both sustainable and adaptable
for the future.

Result:

Thus to write a problem statement to define the title of E-Health Care Management
System with its bounded scope has been completed successfully

EX.NO:2 SELECT RELEVANT PROCESS MODEL TO DEFINE

 DATE: ACTIVITIES RELATED TASK FOR SET OF ASSIGNED
PROJECT

Aim:
To select relevant process model to define activities related task set for E-Health Care
Management System.

Process Model

The healthcare industry’s shift toward digital solutions like EHRs, telemedicine, and AI-
driven platforms typically follows an Agile-based process model, given the need for
flexibility, iterative improvements, and stakeholder collaboration. Agile allows for
incremental development, enabling healthcare providers to test and refine features such as
patient portals or diagnostic tools—based on real-world feedback while adapting to
regulatory changes. However, some projects may adopt a hybrid approach, combining Agile
with Waterfall for phases requiring strict compliance (e.g., HIPAA audits) or DevOps for
continuous deployment of cloud-based systems. For high-risk initiatives like cybersecurity
overhauls, the Spiral model may be used to integrate risk assessment at each stage.
Ultimately, the choice depends on the project’s complexity, with Agile being the dominant
framework for its ability to balance innovation, scalability, and user-centric design in a
rapidly evolving healthcare landscape.

Benefits of Implementing an E-Healthcare Management System:

The adoption of an e-healthcare management system (EHMS) offers transformative

advantages for healthcare providers, patients, and administrators by enhancing efficiency,
accuracy, and accessibility. Key benefits include:

Improved Patient Care & Safety

Real-time access to electronic health records (EHRs) reduces medical errors, ensures accurate
diagnoses, and avoids duplicate tests.

Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) help doctors with evidence-based treatment
recommendations.
Automated alerts for drug interactions, allergies, and critical lab results enhance patient
safety.

Enhanced Operational Efficiency

Streamlined workflows reduce administrative burdens (e.g., automated billing, appointment

scheduling).

Digital documentation eliminates paper-based inefficiencies, saving time and costs.

Interoperability enables seamless data exchange between hospitals, labs, and pharmacies.

Cost Savings & Financial Benefits

Reduced overhead from paper records, manual data entry, and storage.

Preventive care & remote monitoring lower hospitalization rates and readmissions.

Fraud detection through AI-driven analytics minimizes billing discrepancies.

Better Patient Engagement & Accessibility

Patient portals allow individuals to view test results, book appointments, and communicate
with providers.

Telemedicine & mobile health apps expand access to care, especially for rural or mobility
limited patients.

Personalized health insights via wearable integrations (e.g., glucose monitors, fitness
trackers).

Data Security & Compliance

Encrypted, role-based access protects sensitive health data (HIPAA/GDPR compliance).

Blockchain& audit trails ensure tamper-proof records and transparency.

Scalability & Future-Readiness

Cloud-based systems support growing data needs and remote collaboration.

AI & predictive analytics enable proactive care (e.g., outbreak prediction, chronic disease
management).

Result:

Thus, to select relevant process model to define activities related task set for E-Health
Care Management System has been completed successfully.

EX.NO:3 PREPARE A BROAD SRS FOR THE SELECTED

DATE: PROJECT

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

INTRODUCTION
 The E-Healthcare Management System (EHMS) digitizes healthcare delivery through
secure EHRs, telemedicine, and AI-driven analytics. It replaces outdated paper-based
systems, enhancing patient care, operational efficiency, and data security while ensuring
HIPAA/GDPR compliance. By enabling real-time collaboration and automated workflows,
EHMS reduces costs, minimizes errors, and paves the way for future-ready, patient-centric
healthcare.

PURPOSE

The purpose of the E-Healthcare Management System (EHMS) is to transform

healthcare delivery by digitizing medical records, enabling telemedicine, and automating
workflows. It aims to improve patient care quality, enhance operational efficiency, ensure
data security, and reduce costs while maintaining compliance with HIPAA/GDPR
regulations, ultimately creating a seamless, accessible, and future-ready healthcare
ecosystem.

SCOPE

The E-Healthcare Management System (EHMS) covers patient registration, electronic

health records (HER), telemedicine, appointment scheduling, e-prescriptions, billing, and
analytics. It supports doctors, patients, and administrators with secure, real-time access to
medical data while ensuring HIPAA/GDPR compliance. The system integrates with labs,
pharmacies, and IoT devices, enabling remote monitoring and AI-driven insights. Designed
for scalability, it replaces paper-based workflows, reduces errors, and improves care
coordination across healthcare providers, delivering a comprehensive digital healthcare
solution.

DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS, AND ABBREVIATIONS

Definitions

• E-Healthcare Management System (EHMS): A digital platform integrating EHRs,

telemedicine, and analytics to streamline healthcare delivery.

• Electronic Health Record (HER): A digital version of a patient’s medical history,

maintained by providers.
 • Interoperability: Ability of systems to exchange and interpret data seamlessly (e.g.,
via FHIR/HL7 standards).

• Remote Monitoring: Tracking patient health data (e.g., vitals) through IoT/wearable
devices.

Acronyms & Abbreviations

EHR- Electronic Health Record

CDSS - Clinical Decision Support System

HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (U.S. data security
standard)

GDPR - General Data Protection Regulation (EU data privacy law)

FHIR - Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (data exchange standard)

HL7 - Health Level Seven (healthcare data standards organization)

REFERENCES

1. HL7 International. (2021). FHIR Release 4 https://www.hl7.org/fhir/

2. World Health Organization. (2021). Digital Health Guidelines.
3. NIST. (2022). Cybersecurity Framework for Healthcare
https://www.nist.gov/cyberframework/healthcare
4. Amazon Web Services. (2023). HIPAA Compliance on AWS
https://aws.amazon.com/compliance/hipaa/
5. Jiang et al. (2023). AI for Clinical Decision Support. IEEE Journal of Biomedical and
Health Informatics, 27(1). DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2023.3241234

OVERVIEW

The E-Healthcare Management System (EHMS) represents a transformative approach

to modern healthcare delivery, leveraging cutting-edge technology to address critical
challenges in patient care and administrative efficiency. This integrated digital platform
combines Electronic Health Records (HER), telemedicine capabilities, IoT-enabled remote
monitoring, and AI-powered analytics to create a seamless healthcare ecosystem. By
replacing outdated paper-based systems, EHMS enables real-time access to patient data,
secure virtual consultations, automated appointment management, and digital prescription
services, all while maintaining strict HIPAA and GDPR compliance through advanced
encryption protocols and role-based access controls. The system’s interoperability, facilitated
by HL7/FHIR standards, ensures smooth data exchange between hospitals, labs, and
pharmacies, significantly improving care coordination. For patients, EHMS offers convenient
access to healthcare services through user-friendly portals and mobile apps, reducing wait
times and enabling continuous health monitoring via connected devices. Healthcare providers
benefit from streamlined workflows, AI-assisted clinical decision support, and centralized
patient information, enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. Administrators
gain powerful tools for resource management, regulatory reporting, and operational analytics.
Built on a robust technology stack including cloud infrastructure, responsive web/mobile
interfaces, and machine learning algorithms, EHMS delivers a scalable solution that adapts to
evolving healthcare needs while reducing costs and improving service quality across the
entire care continuum. The platform’s emphasis on data security, interoperability, and patient
engagement positions it as a future-ready solution for healthcare digital transformation.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Product Perspective

The E-Healthcare Management System (EHMS) is a cloud-based platform integrating

EHRs, telemedicine, and AI analytics to digitize healthcare workflows. It replaces paper-
based systems with automated processes for real-time data access, secure video consultations,
and IoT-enabled remote monitoring. Compliant with HL7/FHIR standards and
HIPAA/GDPR, EHMS ensures interoperability and data security while reducing errors and
administrative costs. Designed for hospitals, clinics, and patients, it enhances care
coordination, decision-making, and personalized treatment through a scalable, unified
ecosystem.

System Interfaces

Hardware Interfaces:
  Cloud Servers: AWS/Azure HIPAA-compliant hosting with auto-
scaling for peak demand.

 Medical IoT Devices: Wearables (glucose/BP monitors) via

Bluetooth/Wi-Fi, transmitting real-time data to EHRs.

 Clinician Workstations: Biometric-enabled tablets/desktops

with dual-screen support for multitasking.

 Printers: Secure, audit-logged printing of

prescriptions/reports to prevent unauthorized access.

Software Interfaces:

 EHR APIs: HL7/FHIR-compliant APIs for seamless integration with

lab/hospital systems, including auto-validation.

 Payment Gateways: Stripe/PayPal integration with PCI-DSS

compliance for encrypted transactions.

 Telemedicine SDK: WebRTC-based video calls with end-to-

end encryption and screen-sharing capabilities.

 SMS/Email Services: Twilio/SendGrid for automated,

multilingual appointment reminders and alerts.

SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

Hardware Requirements

 Server: 1TB SSD, 16GB RAM (cloud or on-premise).

 Clinician Devices: i5 processor, 8GB RAM.
 IoT Devices: Bluetooth/Wi-Fi-enabled wearables.

Software Requirements

 Frontend: React.js (web), Flutter (mobile).

 Backend: Node.js/Python with REST APIs.
 Database: PostgreSQL (structured data), MongoDB (unstructured data).
  AI/ML: TensorFlow for predictive analytics.

USER CHARACTERISTICS

1.Patients

All age groups (children to elderly), varying technical literacy

Primary Needs:

Intuitive appointment scheduling (≤3 clicks)

Mobile-friendly access to medical records

Simple telehealth interface (one-click joining)

Technical Challenges:

Elderly patients may need voice-assisted navigation

Privacy concerns about data security

Limited understanding of medical terminology

Behavioral Patterns:

Prefer mobile access (70% usage via smartphones)

Expect instant notifications (SMS/email reminders)

2.Doctors

Technical Proficiency:

Moderate to advanced (familiar with EHRs)

Prefer keyboard shortcuts over mouse navigation

Workflow Requirements:
<5 second HER loading time

Customizable alert thresholds (reduce notification fatigue)

Voice-to-text input for clinical notes

Pain Points:

Resistance to workflow changes

Need simultaneous access to multiple patient records

3.Nurses & Medical Staff

Daily Tasks:

High-volume data entry (vitals, medications)

Patient check-in/out procedures

Interface Needs:

Barcode scanning for quick patient ID

Bulk upload for lab results

Color-coded priority indicators

Training Requirements:

2-4 hours for system onboarding

Quick reference guides at workstations

Administrators

4.System Management Duties:

Role-based access configuration

Audit log monitoring

Compliance report generation

Technical Skills:

Advanced IT knowledge

Understanding of healthcare regulations

Critical Functions:

Emergency access override

Data backup/recovery procedures

External Partners

5.Lab Technicians:

Need HL7/FHIR compatible interfaces

Require automated result validation

6.Pharmacists:

E-prescription integration

Drug interaction alerts

7.Insurance Providers:

Standardized claim formats (X12 5010)

Automated eligibility verification

CONSTRAINTS
 1. Regulatory Compliance

Must adhere to HIPAA (U.S.) and GDPR (EU) standards for data protection.requires
end-to-end encryption (AES-256) and audit trails for all access/modifications.

2. Legacy System Integration

Limited by hospitals’ outdated infrastructure (e.g., HL7 v2.x systems).Needs

middleware bridges for gradual migration without disrupting care.

3. Interoperability Requirements

Mandates FHIR/HL7 APIs for lab/hospital data exchange.Must support DICOM for
radiology imaging and X12 for insurance claims.

4. Resource Limitations

Target hardware: Minimum i5 processor, 8GB RAM for clinics.Bandwidth: 10 Mbps

uplink for HD telemedicine (per endpoint).

5. User Adoption Barriers

Clinician resistance to workflow changes (e.g., HER data entry).Elderly patients may
struggle with digital interfaces (requires voice/assistive features).

ASSUMPTIONS AND DEPENDENCIES

• The EHMS assumes stable internet connectivity (≥10 Mbps) at all

healthcare facilities and basic digital literacy among users.
• It depends on third-party services like cloud providers (AWS/Azure)
for hosting, payment gateways (Stripe) for billing, and HL7/FHIR-
compliant APIs for lab/hospital integrations.
• The system also requires FDA-cleared IoT devices (e.g., wearables)
for remote monitoring and assumes regular staff training for smooth
adoption.
 • Assumes regulatory environments remain unchanged (e.g.,
HIPAA/GDPR rules won’t require major system rework during
development).
 Depends on legacy system cooperation (e.g., hospitals providing read-only
access to historical data during migration).

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

Performance Requirements

1. Speed:

o EHR retrieval: <2 seconds (95th percentile).

o Telemedicine latency: <150ms for video streams.
2. Scalability:

o Support 10,000+ concurrent users.

o Handle 1,000+ transactions/minute during peak hours.
3. Availability:

o 99.99% uptime for critical modules (24/7 operation).

Safety Requirements

The EHMS must ensure patient safety and data integrity through multiple fail-safes. The
system will implement real-time clinical decision support (CDSS) with FDA-validated
drug interaction alerts to prevent medication errors. All patient data will be protected by
AES-256 encryption with automatic hourly backups and 30-day retention to prevent loss.
For critical failures, a disaster recovery mode will maintain read-only access to essential
records. The system will enforce two-factor authentication for high-risk actions like e-
prescribing and require biometric verification for sensitive data access. Redundant cloud
servers will guarantee 99.99% uptime, while blockchain-based audit trails will track all
record modifications. Emergency protocols will automatically trigger when abnormal
vitals are detected via IoT devices, notifying clinicians through prioritized alerts. These
measures collectively ensure compliance with HIPAA safety standards while minimizing
risks to patient care.
Security Requirements

• The EHMS requires AES-256 encryption for data at

rest/transit, multi-factor authentication (biometrics + OTP) for all

logins, and role-based access control to limit sensitive data
exposure.
• Annual penetration testing and HIPAA-compliant audit logs are

mandatory. System must auto-block brute-force attacks and

enforce 15-minute session timeouts.
• All APIs require OAuth 2.0 tokens, and patient data exports

trigger automated GDPR pseudonymization.

Software System Attributes

1. Usability:
• 85%+ user satisfaction in post-launch surveys.
• Mobile-responsive design (iOS/Android/Web).
2. Maintainability:
• Modular microservices (max 4-hour downtime for updates).
• Automated testing coverage ≥80%.
3. Accessibility:
• WCAG 2.1 AA compliance (e.g., screen reader support).
• Voice navigation for elderly patients.
4. Interoperability:
• 100% FHIR R4 API coverage for HER exchange.
• Support for legacy HL7 v2.x messages.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

S.
Module Applicabl
No Description
Name e Roles
.

1. Login Patient, All users authenticate via unique ID +

S.
Module Applicabl
No Description
Name e Roles
.

password. Admins access system

Doctor, management dashboards, doctors view
Admin patient queues, and patients see
personalized health dashboards.

Patients register with personal

details, medical history, and
2. Registration Patient
insurance info. System auto-verifies
via government ID/insurance APIs.

Patients select doctor, specialty,

Appointmen date/time. System shows real-time
3. Patient
t Booking availability and sends SMS/email
confirmations.

Patients cancel/reschedule
Appointmen
appointments. Doctors modify slots
t Patient,
4. (e.g., emergencies). System
Managemen Doctor
triggers automated
t
refunds/rescheduling.

Doctors prescribe medications

E- with dosage alerts. System checks
5. Doctor
Prescription for drug interactions and shares e-
scripts with pharmacies via FHIR APIs.

Secure video/audio
Telemedicin Patient, consultations with screen-sharing for
6.
e Doctor test results. Integrated with EHR for
real-time data access.

Patients pay via Stripe/PayPal.

Payment & System generates itemized bills and
7. Patient
Billing submits claims to insurers via X12 5010
standards.

Admins add/remove doctors, audit

Admin
8. Admin logs, and generate HIPAA compliance
Dashboard
reports. Manages user roles (RBAC).

Syncs wearable device

IoT Patient,
9. data (glucose/BP) to EHRs. Alerts
Integration Doctor
doctors if readings exceed thresholds.

10. AI Analytics Doctor, Predictive alerts for high-risk patients

Admin (e.g., readmission risks). Customizable
dashboards for population health
S.
Module Applicabl
No Description
Name e Roles
.

trends.

Result:
Thus a broad SRS has been prepared for selected project E-Health Care Management
System.
EX.NO:4 PREPARE USE CASE AND DRAW USE CASE DIAGRAM
DATE: USING MODELING TOOL

Aim:
To prepare Use case and Draw Use case Diagram for E-Health Care Management
System
Use Case Diagram:
A use case diagram, a core element of Unified Modeling Language (UML, visually
represents the interactions between users (actors) and a system to achieve specific goals. It
provides a high-level view of system functionality, showing how users interact with the
system and what the system does. Essentially, it's a blueprint for understanding the system's
behavior from the user's perspective.
Use Case Description
The E-Healthcare Management System (EHMS) is a digital platform designed to facilitate
and streamline healthcare services through integration of modern technologies and digital
workflows. The system supports a variety of stakeholders including patients, doctors,
administrators, and third-party systems like laboratories, pharmacies, IoT devices, and
insurance providers.
The diagram includes the following:

 Actors (external users or systems)

 Use Cases (system functionalities)
 Relationships (associations, includes, extends)

1. Patient

The patient is a primary user who interacts with multiple functionalities of the system. A patient can:

 Log in to the system

 Register their profile
 Book, cancel, or reschedule appointments
 Participate in telemedicine consultations
 Monitor vital signs via connected IoT devices

Patients initiate most of the system’s workflows and benefit from its real-time capabilities and
integration with healthcare providers.

2. Doctor

Doctors are another crucial actor in EHMS. They:

 Log in to the platform

 Conduct telemedicine consultations
 Issue e-prescriptions
 Upload or review lab results

Doctors are responsible for diagnosis, treatment, and the digital issuance of medication instructions.

3. Administrator

Admins are responsible for managing backend functionalities. Their tasks include:

 Generating analytics and system performance reports

 Managing user roles (Role-Based Access Control)
 Auditing access logs to ensure compliance with security standards

4. External Actors

 Lab System: Interacts with the doctor and uploads lab results to patient records.
 Pharmacy: Receives e-prescriptions and processes medication orders.
 IoT Device: Feeds patient vitals to the system for proactive health monitoring.
 Insurance Provider: Processes insurance claims based on patient interactions.

Core Use Cases and Functionality

1. Login
This foundational use case is a prerequisite for all system operations. It ensures that only
authenticated users can access specific features. It is included in most patient and doctor workflows
using the <<include>> relationship.

2. Register Profile

This allows new users (patients) to create an account, inputting personal, medical, and contact
information. This is essential for identity verification and personalized services.

3. Book Appointment / Cancel or Reschedule Appointment

Patients can choose a doctor, select an available time slot, and confirm appointments. If necessary,
they can cancel or modify appointments. These use cases both include the Login use case for secure
access.

4. Telemedicine Consultation

Allows real-time communication between patients and doctors, simulating a clinical environment.
This use case includes login and may extend to E-Prescribe Medications, depending on the
consultation outcome.

5. E-Prescribe Medications

Triggered when a doctor determines that medication is necessary. It extends the teleconsultation
workflow and sends prescriptions directly to pharmacies.

6. Upload Lab Results

Doctors or labs can upload test results that become part of the patient's digital health record, aiding
in diagnosis and future consultations.

7. Process Insurance Claims

Facilitates the transfer of healthcare costs to insurance providers, reducing manual intervention and
paperwork. It involves direct interaction between patients and insurance companies.

8. Monitor Vital Signs

Vital signs (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) are monitored using IoT devices and synced to the
system. This use case may extend the Book Appointment use case to help in follow-up consultations
or health assessments.

9. Generate Analytics Report

Used by administrators to generate data-driven reports for system usage, doctor availability, patient
health trends, etc. It helps improve decision-making, resource allocation, and policy formulation.

10. Manage User Roles

A critical security feature allowing administrators to assign permissions based on user roles (doctor,
patient, pharmacist, etc.), following Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) principles.

11. Audit System Access

Ensures security and accountability by logging every system access, especially for sensitive
information. This feature supports HIPAA and GDPR compliance for privacy and transparency.

Security, Relationships

Security & Compliance

EHMS implements:

 Audit Trails: Every action performed by an actor is logged.

 RBAC: Ensures users only access functionalities relevant to their role.
 Compliance: Designed to meet international data privacy regulations like HIPAA and GDPR.

Use Case Relationships

 <<include>>: Ensures common functions (like login) are executed before dependent actions.
 <<extend>>: Used for conditional functionalities like e-prescriptions and vitals monitoring,
only triggered when needed.

Use Case Diagram:

Result:
Thus to prepare Use case and Draw Use Case Diagram for E-Health Care
Management System using modelling tool has been completed Successfully.