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Lines and Angles

The document explains the definition and types of triangles based on side lengths (scalene, isosceles, equilateral) and angles (acute, obtuse, right). It also covers the concept of congruence in triangles, detailing the criteria for congruence such as SAS, ASA, AAS, SSS, and RHS. Additionally, it discusses properties and inequalities related to triangles, including theorems about side lengths and angles.

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23 views6 pages

Lines and Angles

The document explains the definition and types of triangles based on side lengths (scalene, isosceles, equilateral) and angles (acute, obtuse, right). It also covers the concept of congruence in triangles, detailing the criteria for congruence such as SAS, ASA, AAS, SSS, and RHS. Additionally, it discusses properties and inequalities related to triangles, including theorems about side lengths and angles.

Uploaded by

duhitsaki01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TRIANGLE

A closed figure with three sides is called a Triangle. It has three vertex, sides and
Angles.

Types of Triangle
1. There are three types of triangles on the basis of the length of the sides.

Name of Triangle Property Image

Scalene Length of all sides are different

Isosceles Length of two sides are equal

Equilateral Length of all three sides are equal

2. There are three types of triangles on the basis of angles.

Name of Triangle Property Image


Acute All the three angles are less than 90°

Obtuse One angle is greater than 90°

Right One angle is equal to 90°

Congruence
If the shape and size of two figures are same then these are called Congruent.
1. Two circles are congruent if their radii are same.

2. Two squares are congruent if their sides are equal .

Congruence of Triangles
A triangle will be congruent if its corresponding sides and angles are equal.

The symbol of congruent is “≅”.


AB = DE, BC = EF, AC = DF

m∠A = m∠D, m∠B = m∠E, m∠C = m∠F

Here ∆ABC ≅ ∆DEF


Criteria for Congruence of Triangles
S.No. Rule Meaning Figure

If the two sides and the including angle of


SAS (Side-Angle-
1. one triangle is equal to another triangle then
Side) Congruence rule
they are called congruent triangles.

ASA (Angle-Side- If the two angles and the including side of


2. Angle) Congruence one triangle is equal to another triangle then
rule they are called congruent triangles.

If any two pairs of angles and a pair of the


AAS (Angle-Angle-
3. corresponding side is equal in two triangles
Side) Congruence rule
then these are called congruent triangles.

If all the three sides of a triangle are equal


SSS (Side-Side-Side) with the three corresponding sides of
4.
Congruence rule another triangle then these are called
congruent triangles.
RHS (Right angle- If there are two right-angled triangles then
5. Hypotenuse-Side) they will be congruent if their hypotenuse
Congruence rule and any one side are equal.

Remark
1. SSA and ASS do not show the congruency of triangles.

2. AAA is also not the right condition to prove that the triangles are congruent.
Example
Find the ∠P, ∠R, ∠N and ∠M if ∆LMN ≅ ∆PQR.

Solution
If ∆ LMN ≅ ∆PQR, then

∠L=∠P

∠M =∠Q

∠N =∠R

So,

∠L=∠P = 105°

∠M =∠Q = 45°

∠M + ∠N + ∠L = 180° (Sum of three angles of a triangle is 180°)

45° + 105° + ∠N = 180°

∠N = 180°- 45° + 105°

∠N = 30°
∠N = ∠R = 30°
Some Properties of a Triangle
If a triangle has two equal sides then it is called an Isosceles Triangle.
1. Two angles opposite to the two equal sides of an isosceles triangle are also equal.

2. Two sides opposite to the equal angles of the isosceles triangle are also equal. This is
the converse of the above theorem.
Inequalities in a Triangle

Theorem 1: In a given triangle if two sides are unequal then


the angle opposite to the longer side will be larger.
a > b, if and only if ∠A > ∠B

Longer sides correspond to larger angles.

Theorem 2: In the given triangle, the side opposite to the larger angle will always be
longer. This is the converse of above theorem.
Theorem 3: The sum of any two sides of a triangle will always be greater than the third
side.
Example
Show whether the inequality theorem is applicable to this triangle or not?

Solution
The three sides are given as 7, 8 and 9.

According to inequality theorem, the sum of any two sides of a triangle will always be
greater than the third side.
Let’s check it

7+8>9

8+9>7

9+7>8

This shows that this theorem is applicable to all the triangles irrespective of the type of
triangle.
v

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