“Smart Irrigation System”

Minor Project Report

Submitted
In partial fulfilment
For the award of the

Diploma
In Department of Electronics Engineering

Submitted to: Submitted By:

Mr. Yashwant Singh Ankit Kumar
HOD Electronics Department EL20230007/023

Department of Electronics Engineering

GOVT. POLYTENIC COLLEGE NEEMRANA
Board of Technical Education, Govt. of Rajasthan
May 2025

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 Acknowledgement

It has come out to be a great pleasure and experience for us to complete this minor
project. We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude towards Mr. Yashwant
Singh, HOD Electronics Department Govt. Polytechnic College Neemrana. Who
through his expert guidance has enabled us to accomplish this minor project.
Our sincere thanks are to Mr. Vinay Kumar Grag, Principal Govt. Polytechnic
College Neemrana Mr. Yashwant Singh, HOD Department of Electronic
Engineering, Govt. Polytechnic College Neemrana for encouraging and guiding us to
Complete this project. Finally a special thanks to Mr. Yashwant Singh, HOD
Department of Electronic Engineering, Govt. Polytechnic College Neemrana for
permitting us and a throughout monitoring of this project.

Name:

Signature:

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 Contents

DESCRIPTION PAGE
NO
Cover Page
Acknowledgement 1
Contents 2
Aim 3
Components required 3
Theory 3
Circuit Diagram 5
Working 6
Result 7

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Aim:Smart irrigation control system, and it's working.

Theory: Irrigation system, which is automatic for the plants which help in saving water
and money. The main objective is to apply the system for improvement of health of the
soil and hence the plant viamultiple sensors
Appropriate soil water level is a necessary pre-requisite for optimum plant growth. Also,
water being an essential element for life sustenance, there is the necessity to avoid its undue
usage.
Irrigation is a dominant consumer of water. This calls for the need to regulate water supply
for irrigation purposes. Fields should neither be over-irrigated nor under-irrigated. The
objective of this thesis is to design a simple, easy to install methodology to monitor and
indicate the level of soil moisture that is continuously controlled in order to achieve
maximum plant growth and simultaneously optimize the available irrigation resources on
monitoring software LabVIEW and the sensor data can be seen on Internet. In order to
replace expensive controllers in current available systems, the Arduino Uno will be used in
this project as it is an affordable microcontroller. The Arduino Uno can be programmed to
analyze some signals from sensors such as moisture, temperature, and rain. A pump is used to
pump the fertilizer and water into the irrigation system. The use of easily available
components reduces the manufacturing and maintenance costs. This makes the proposed
system to be an economical, appropriate and a low maintenance solution for applications,
especially in rural areas and for small scale agriculturists. This research work enhanced to
help the small-scale cultivators and will be increase the yield of the crops then will increase
government economy so that the plant growth and yield is maximized.
A record of soil moisture, temperature, rainfall is maintained in a database for backup. This
backup is used for weather forecasting and directs the farmers regarding the type of crop to
be cultivated in future. IOT gives the whole information to the operator about the irrigation.
In this paper, we experiment for different soils suitable for different crops in various climatic
parameters

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o SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

 The soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to gauge the
volumetric content of water within the soil. As the straight gravimetric
dimension of soil moisture
needs eliminating, drying, as well as sample weighting. These sensors
measure the volumetric water content not directly with the help of some
other rules of soil like dielectric constant, electrical resistance, otherwise
interaction with neutrons, and replacement of the moisture content.

o Jumpers

In Jumper wirestypically come in three versions: male-to-male, male-to-

female andfemale-to- female. The difference between each is in the end
point of thewire. Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at
each end, allowing them to be used to connect two points
to each other without soldering. Jumper wires are typically used withbread
boardsand other prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a
circuit as needed.

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o Pump:

Pump is used for lifting water from the source and pumping those water to
the field by using pipes.
The supplied voltage is 5 volts.
By using the pump or motor the water generation is to be done by conneting
through pipes to the farm feild.

o Relay
2-Channel 5V Relay Module is a relay interface board, it can be
controlled directly by a widerange of microcontrollers such as Arduino,
AVR, PIC, ARM and so on. It uses a low level
triggered control signal (3.3-5VDC) to control the relay. Triggering the
relay operates the normally open or normally closed contacts.
The relay has two outputs-normally open and normally closed (NO and
NC). When the IN1 or IN2 pin is connected to ground, NO will be open
and NC will be closed, and when IN1 or IN2 is not connected to ground the
opposite occurs......................................... A microcontroller can also be
used to
control IN1 and or IN2 and cause the relay to trip.
Since the relay has 5V trigger voltage we have used a +5V DC supply to
one end of the coil and the other end to ground through a switch The
purpose of the diode is to protect the
switch from high voltage spike that can produced by the relay coil.

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Circuit Diagram: PCB, connecting wires, battery, switch, capacitor, IC, 2
way switch resistor, speaker.

Fig.1 transistor as an amplifier

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WORKING OF SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

A system to monitor moisture levels in the soil was designed. The proposed
system can be used to switch on/off the water supply (or) motor according
to soil moisture levels thereby automat- ing the process of irrigation which
is one of the most time consuming activities in farming. The system uses
information from soil moisture sensors to irrigate soil which helps to
prevent over irrigation or under irrigation of soil thereby avoiding crop
damage. Through this project itcan be concluded that there can be
considerable development in farming with the use of IOTand automation.
Thus, the system is a potential solution to the problems faced in the
existingmanual process of irrigation by enabling efficient utilization of
water resources.
To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the system, the following
recommendations canbe put into consideration. Option of controlling the
water pump can be given to the farmer i.e.he can switch on/off the pump in
order to start/stop the process of irrigation without beingpresent at the farm.
The farmer may choose to stop the growth of crops or the crops may
getdamaged due to adverse weather conditions. In such cases farmer may
need to stop the systemremotely. The idea of using IOT for irrigation can be
extended further to other activities infarming such as cattle management,
fire detection and climate control. This would minimalizehuman
intervention in farming activities.

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 Advantages

• Water Conservation.
• Lowered Operation Costs.
• Efficient and Saves Time.
• Increase in productivity.
• Reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching.
• very accurate
• Ability to read soil volumetric water content directly.
• Continuous measurements at same location.

Disadvantages
• Difficult in maintaince
• Difficult in setup/repairs
• In the case of equipment like robots amd computer based intelligents
for running the
devices,it is highly unlikely that a normal farmer will be able to pos sess
this knowledge
or even develope them.
• The procces will cost huge amount.

Result: Hence we have smart irrigation system and it's working

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Reference:

o https://github.com/AmanChoudhary1999/Smart-Irrigation-System
o https://www.ijert.org/smart-irrigation-system-using-iot
https://github.com/muhammedessa/Smart-Irrigation-System
o
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341235678_Smart_Irrigatio
n_System_using_IoT_and_Machine_Learning
o https://github.com/SudharsanLakshmanan/Automated-Drip-
Irrigation-System

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