Vol-4 Issue-2 2018 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396

Automatic Gardening System using Arduino

Prem Chand1,Manoj Kumar Reddy2, Saketh gupta3, Tulasi Sai Shweta4,Vijayalakshmi4
1
UG Scholar, Computer science, SRM IST, India
2
UG Scholar, Computer science, SRM IST, India
3
UG Scholar, Computer science, SRM IST, India
4
UG Scholar, Computer science, SRM IST, India
5
Asst Prof(O.G), Computer science, SRM IST, India

ABSTRACT
In India, farming assumes an essential part in the improvement of food production. In Irrigation framework,
contingent on the soil , water is provided to plant. Regardless of however climate it is, either excessively hot and dry
or excessively shady and wet, you need to have the capacity to control the measure of water that achieves your
plants.The "programmed water supply framework " is the framework checks the soil moisture by moisture sensor.
The framework utilizes the ATmega328 miniaturized scale controller. It is modified to detect moisture level of plants
at specific example of time, if the moisture content is not as much as determined edge which is predefined as per
specific plant's water require then wanted measure of water is provided till it achieves limit. This spares water and
the plants can get ideal level of water. This will expand the efficiency of the product. Framework is outlined such
that it reports its ebb and flow state and also remind the client to add water to the tank.All this notices are made
through portable application. We trust that through this model we as a whole can appreciate having plants, without
being stressed over missing or carelessness. The framework is continuous based and concentrates the correct state
of fields.

Keyword: Irrigation, arduino, Gardening

1. INTRODUCTION
Localized irrigation in modern drip irrigation systems, the most significant Drip Irrigation advantage is Continuous
increasing demand of food requires the control in highly specialized greenhouse vegetable rapid improvement in
food production technology. In a production and it is a simple, precise method for country like India, where the
economy is mainly based on irrigation. It also helps in time saving, removal of human agriculture and the climatic
conditions are isotropic, still error in adjusting available soil moisture levels and to we are not able to make full use
of agricultural resources. Maximize their net profits.The main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of land
Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil reservoir water. The continuous extraction of water from
usually for assisting in growing crops. In crop production earth is reducing the water level due to which lot of land
is it is mainly used in dry areas and in periods of rainfall coming slowly in the zones of un-irrigated land. Another
shortfalls, but also to protect plants against frost. This project will ripen and contrivance an automatic garden
monitoring system that can be utilized to improve the condition of household gardens and can also be expanded to
greenhouses. [1] This will make the planned use of water so that we can fight with the problem paucity of water.
Arduino board is the back bone of whole system as provides an interface between the analog sensors and digital
systems, while it also does calculations and other functions for determining the task to be executed by modules. [2]
Real time data will be collected by employing several analog and digital sensors, such as light, temperature, soil
moisture sensors. [3] These sensors will then be integrated with an Arduino microcontroller. To make device more
user friendly remote access is done through GSM. T h e users c a n a l s o adjust the conditions of the garden
accordingly improving the health of the user’s plants
To analyze the economic drivers and future investments of a potential soil moisture sensor in Tanzania,
we focused on three areas: the need for soil moisture sensor, desired design specifications and commercial
opportunity. Each key area was initially approached individually.The results of each key sector were compiled and
evaluated, narrowing the scope and creating an iterative process. Final market analysis resulted in the formation of a
preliminary market research study. Determination of the need for a soil moisture sensor is based upon analysis of
key agricultural products in Tanzania. Key crops for analysis are selected from literature review of major

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subsistence high value crops. For each agricultural product selected, an economic scenario analysis and study of
crop requirements were conducting using information provided.

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The most important problems faced are the misusage of electricity and its wastage. Sometimes due to
carelessness of the authorities and the workers lamps left ON which results in wastage of electricity. Water wastage
is another problem which needs to be dealt with. Our project helps to overcome all these problems. In this project,
we are using the GSM to control the overall system. We can avoid the wastage of water by using the water sprinkler
During the everyday exercises numerous individuals regularly neglect to water their plants and along these lines it
winds up trying for them to keep their plants sound and alive. Additionally it is a test for agriculturists to keep up
their fields and oversee watering of plants during lack of water. In light of the above foundation, we believed that it
is important to execute the computerized framework which will deal with plants considering every unique part of
home cultivating framework and in addition bigger scene and causes them to become solid. Therefore our venture
expects to execute a straightforward framework utilizing programmed water system watering a little pruned plant or
harvest with insignificant human intercession.

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Fig-1: System Architecture

There are two functional components in this project. They are moisture sensor and motor / pump. Arduino
board is programmmed using the Arduino IDE software. Humidity sensor is used to detect the soil moisture
content. Motor / pump is used to supply water to plants. Soil moisture and temperature predetermined range is set
particularly for specific plants requirement, and according to that system is being operated. Microcontroller
(ATmega328), is the brain of the system. Both humidity and temperature sensor is connected to the controller's
input pin. Pump and servo motor coupled to the output pin. In case of soil moisture value is less than threshold
system automatically triggers water pump on till sensor meets threshold and then sets off automatically. The
overall activity is reported to the user using mobile application.

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4. PROCEDURE FOR PAPER SUBMISSION

4.1 ORGANISATION OF THE REPORT
The report is divided into 4 parts and each part deals with the different aspects of the system.
(i)System Design: This part talks about the existing system, how they are designed and the issues associated with
them. Furthermore, it describes the features of the system proposed and the requirements for operating it.
(ii)Module Description: This part describes each module implemented in the system, i. e., how the data is processed
in each and what are the steps involved from the user's point of view . Each module is diagrammatically represented
so that there is a clear understanding about what happens at that particular step.
(iii)System Implementation: This part deals with an overview of the platform for which the system is developed for.
It also talks about the parameters needed for running the system and provides a sample of code used, along with
screen shots of the output.
(iv)Conclusion: This part concludes the report and discusses the possible enhancement that can be implemented in
the future improve the quality.

4.2 OBJECTIVE
Very important reason of this is due to unplanned use of Types of Irrigation water due to which a significant to
surface irrigation waste that water is supplied near the root zone of sprinkler irrigation. The plants drip by drip due
to which a large quantity of water is saved. At the present era, the farmers have been the conventional irrigation
methods like overhead using irrigation techniques in India through manual control sprinklers, flood type feeding
systems.

4.3 FIGURES

Fig-2: Smart irrigation sample diagram

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Fig-3: Scenario where necessary sunlight is obtained

5. MODULE DISCREPTION
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the direct gravimetric measurement of
free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighting of an example, soil moisture sensors measure the
volumetric water content by implication by utilizing some other property of the dirt, for example, electrical
protection, dielectric steady, or communication with neutrons, as an intermediary for the moisture content. The
connection between the deliberate property and soil moisture must be adjusted and may differ contingent upon
ecological factors, for example, soil write, temperature, or electric conductivity. Reflected microwave radiation is
influenced by the dirt moisture and is utilized for remote detecting in hydrology and farming. Convenient test
instruments can be utilized by agriculturists or plant specialists.

A. Microcontroller

Fig-4: Microcontroller

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It Consists of 28-pin AVR Microcontroller having Flash Program Memory: 32 Kbytes. Furthermore, EEPROM
Data Memory: 1 Kbytes consists of SRAM Data Memory: 2 Kbytes. With I/O Pins: 23 and Timers: Two 8-bit/One
16-bit and an A/D Converter: 10-bit Six Channel is available.

Micrococontroller comprises of PWM: Six Channels with an oscillator named RTC: Yes with Separate Oscillator.

B. Moisture sensor

Fig-5: Moisture sensor

C. Water Pump

Fig-6: Water pump

A small pump plus a driver. A driver is to provide enough current for the pump, my application needs a spray
distance about one meter, so this pump is enough. But if you need to make a system that needs a large spray range,
you may need larger pumps, or even a pressurized device to make the projectile even farther, such as the watering
system in a

tea garden.

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D. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

LCD panel consists of two patterned glass panels in which crystal is filled under vacuum. The thickness of glass
varies according to end use. Most of the LCD modules have glass thickness in the range of 0.70 to 1.1mm.

Fig-7: LCD
A picture of a liquid crystal displayNormally these liquid crystal molecules are placed between glass plates to
form a spiral stair case to twist the twist the light. Light entering the top plate twist 900 times before entering the
bottom plate. Hence the LCDs are also called as optical switches. These LCD cannot display any information
directly. These act as an interface between electronics and electronics circuit to give a visual output. The values are
displayed in the 2x16 LCD modules after converting suitably. The liquid crystal display (LCD), as the name
suggests is a technology based on the use of liquid crystal. It is a transparent material but after applying voltage it
becomes opaque. This property is the fundamental operating principle of LCDs.

6.WORKING
A. Circuit Design of Auto Irrigation System using Soil Moisture Sensor

The point of the task is to control an engine in view of the dampness in the soil. The outline of the circuit is as per
the following. PIC 16F877A is the principle preparing IC. A 12 MHz precious stone oscillator is associated
crosswise over OSC1 and OSC2 (Pins 13 and 14). The precious stone is associated with two 33pF capacitors. The
Master Clear sticks is ordinarily associated with Vcc by means of a draw up resistor. A sidestep catch is associated
with ground. This catch is utilized to reset the microcontroller. The yield of the soil dampness sensor is given to
RA0 (Pin 2) of the PIC microcontroller. A LCD is utilized to show the key messages. The information pins of the
LCD are associated with Port B of the PIC (Pins 33 – 40). The control pins of the LCD are associated with the Port
C. The associations are as per the following: RS stick of LCD to RC0 (Pin 15) of PIC, RW to RC1 (Pin 16) and E to
RC3 (Pin 18).

An LED is connected between the DC supply and the collector and glows only when the motor is running.

Fig-8: Circuit Design of Auto Irrigation System using Soil Moisture Sensor

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B. Working of circuit

The idea of the project is to implement an automatic irrigation system by sensing the moisture of the soil. The
working of the circuit is as follows.

The soil moisture sensor is inserted in the soil. Depending on the quality of the sensor, it must be inserted near the
roots of the plant. The soil moisture sensor measures the conductivity of the soil. Wet soil will be more conductive
than dry soil. The soil moisture sensor module has a comparator in it.The voltage from the prongs and the predefined
voltage are compared and the output of the comparator is high only when the soil condition is dry. This output from
the soil moisture sensor is given to the analogue input pin (Pin 2 – RA0) of the microcontroller. The microcontroller
continuously monitors the analogue input pin. When the moisture in the soil is above the threshold, the
microcontroller displays a message mentioning the same and the motor is off. When the output from the soil
moisture sensor is high i.e. the moisture of the soil is less. This will trigger the microcontroller and displays an
appropriate message on the LCD and the output of the microcontroller, which is connected to the base of the
transistor is high.When the transistor is turned on, the relay coil gets energized and turns on the motor. The LED is
also turned on and acts as an indicator.

C. Applications

The circuit can be used to measure the loss of moisture in the soil over time due to evaporation and intake.
Minimizes water waste and improves plant growth. The circuit is designed to work automatically and hence, there is
no need for any human intervention. The project is intended for small gardens and residential environment. By using
advanced soil moisture sensor, the same circuit can be expanded to large agricultural fields.

7. CONCLUSION
The primary applications for this project are for to water their crops/plants. It also covers those farmers who are
wasteful of water during irrigation. The project can be extended to greenhouses where manual supervision is far and
few in between. The principle can be extended to create fully automated gardens and farmlands. Combined with the
principle of rain Acknowledgment water harvesting, it could lead to huge water savings if applied in the right
manner. In agricultural lands with severe shortage of rainfall, this model can be successfully applied to achieve great
results with most types of soil.

8. REFERENCES
[1] Joaquín Gutiérrez, Juan Francisco Villa-Medina, Alejandra NietoGaribay, and Miguel Ángel Porta- Gándara
“Automated Irrigation System Using a Wireless Sensor Network and GPRS Module ” IEEE 2013.
[2] Samy Sadeky, Ayoub Al-Hamadiy, Bernd Michaelisy, Usama Sayedz,“ An Acoustic Method for Soil Moisture
Measurement ”, IEEE 2004.
[3] Thomas J. Jackson, Fellow, IEEE, Michael H. Cosh, Rajat Bindlish, Senior Member, IEEE, Patric J. Starks,
David D. Bosch, Mark Seyfried, David C. Goodrich, Mary Susan Moran, Senior Member, IEEE, and Jinyang
Du ,“Validation of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Soil Moisture Products”, IEEE 2010.
[4] Jia Uddin, S.M. Taslim Reza, Qader Newaz, Jamal Uddin, Touhidul Islam, and Jong-Myon Kim,“Automated
Irrigation System Using Solar Power” ©2012 IEEE.
[5] Ms. Sweta S. Patil, Prof. Mrs. A.V. Malvijay, “Review for ARM based agriculture field monitoring
system”,International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2014.
[6] Zhang Feng Yulin University Yulin University tfnew21@sina.com, “ Research on water-saving irrigation
automatic control system based on Internet of things Institute of Information Technology”, 2011 IEEE.

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[7] Awati J.S., Patil V.S., “Automatic Irrigation Control by using wireless sensor networks”, Journal of Exclusive
Management Science - June 2012-Vol 1 Issue 6.

[8] Rashid Hussain, JL Sahgal, Anshulgangwar, Md.Riyaj , “Control of Irrigation Automatically By Using Wireless
Sensor Network”, International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering (IJSCE) ISSN: 2231-2307, Volume-
3, Issue-1, March 2013.

[9] Shaohua Wan, “Research on the Model for Crop Water Requirements in Wireless Sensor Networks”, 2012
International Conference on Management of e-Commerce and e-Government.

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