“Smart Irrigation System”

Minor Project Report Submitted

Diploma
In Department of Electronics Engineering

Submitted to: Submitted By:

Department of Electronics Engineering

GOVT. POLYTENIC COLLEGE NEEMRANA

Board of Technical Education, Govt. of Rajasthan

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 Acknowledgement

It has come out to be a great pleasure and experience for us to complete this minor project.
We would like to extend our heartfelt gratitude towards Mr. Yashwant Singh, HOD
Electronics Department Govt. Polytechnic College Neemrana. Who through his expert
guidance has enabled us to accomplish this minor project.
Our sincere thanks are to Mr. Vinay Kumar Grag, Principal Govt. Polytechnic College
Neemrana Mr. Yashwant Singh, HOD Department of Electronic Engineering, Govt.
Polytechnic College Neemrana for encouraging and guiding us to Complete this project.
Finally a special thanks to Mr. Yashwant Singh, HOD Department of Electronic
Engineering, Govt. Polytechnic College Neemrana for permitting us and a throughout
monitoring of this project.

Name:

Signature:
 Contents

DESCRIPTION PAGE
NO
Cover Page
Acknowledgement 1
Contents 2
Aim 3
Components required 3
Theory 3
Circuit Diagram 5
Working 6
Result 7

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Aim:Smart irrigation control system, and it's working.
Theory: Irrigation system, which is automatic for the plants which help in
saving water
and money. The main objective is to apply the system for improvement of health
of the
soil and hence the plant viamultiple sensors
Appropriate soil water level is a necessary pre-requisite for optimum plant growth.
Also, water being an essential element for life sustenance, there is the necessity to
avoid its undue usage.
Irrigation is a dominant consumer of water. This calls for the need to regulate water
supply for irrigation purposes. Fields should neither be over-irrigated nor under-
irrigated. The objective of this thesis is to design a simple, easy to install
methodology to monitor and indicate the level of soil moisture that is continuously
controlled in order to achieve maximum plant growth and simultaneously optimize
the available irrigation resources on monitoring software LabVIEW and the sensor
data can be seen on Internet. In order to replace expensive controllers in current
available systems, the Arduino Uno will be used in this project as it is an affordable
microcontroller. The Arduino Uno can be programmed to analyze some signals
from sensors such as moisture, temperature, and rain. A pump is used to pump the
fertilizer and water into the irrigation system. The use of easily available
components reduces the manufacturing and maintenance costs. This makes the
proposed system to be an economical, appropriate and a low maintenance solution
for applications, especially in rural areas and for small scale agriculturists. This
research work enhanced to help the small-scale cultivators and will be increase the
yield of the crops then will increase government economy so that the plant growth
and yield is maximized.
A record of soil moisture, temperature, rainfall is maintained in a database for
backup. This backup is used for weather forecasting and directs the farmers
regarding the type of crop to be cultivated in future. IOT gives the whole
information to the operator about the irrigation. In this paper, we experiment for
different soils suitable for different crops in various climatic parameters

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o SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR

 The soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to gauge the volumetric
content of water within the soil. As the straight gravimetric dimension of soil
moisture
needs eliminating, drying, as well as sample weighting. These sensors measure the
volumetric water content not directly with the help of some other rules of soil like
dielectric constant, electrical resistance, otherwise interaction with neutrons, and
replacement of the moisture content.

o Jumpers
In Jumper wirestypically come in three versions: male-to-male, male-to-female
andfemale-to- female. The difference between each is in the end point of thewire.
Jumper wires are simply wires that have connector pins at each end, allowing them to
be used to connect two points
to each other without soldering. Jumper wires are typically used withbread boardsand
other prototyping tools in order to make it easy to change a circuit as needed.
o Pump:

Pump is used for lifting water from the source and pumping those water to the field
by using pipes.
The supplied voltage is 5 volts.
By using the pump or motor the water generation is to be done by conneting through
pipes to the farm feild.

o Relay
2-Channel 5V Relay Module is a relay interface board, it can be controlled
directly by a widerange of microcontrollers such as Arduino, AVR, PIC, ARM and
so on. It uses a low level
triggered control signal (3.3-5VDC) to control the relay. Triggering the relay
operates the normally open or normally closed contacts.
The relay has two outputs-normally open and normally closed (NO and NC). When
the IN1 or IN2 pin is connected to ground, NO will be open and NC will be closed,
and when IN1 or IN2 is not connected to ground the opposite occurs A
microcontroller can also be used to
control IN1 and or IN2 and cause the relay to trip.
Since the relay has 5V trigger voltage we have used a +5V DC supply to one end of
the coil and the other end to ground through a switch The purpose of the diode
is to protect the
switch from high voltage spike that can produced by the relay coil.

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Circuit Diagram: PCB, connecting wires, battery, switch, capacitor, IC, 2 way
switch resistor, speaker.

Fig.1 transistor as an amplifier

WORKING OF SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEM

A system to monitor moisture levels in the soil was designed. The proposed system
can be used to switch on/off the water supply (or) motor according to soil moisture
levels thereby automat- ing the process of irrigation which is one of the most time
consuming activities in farming. The system uses information from soil moisture
sensors to irrigate soil which helps to prevent over irrigation or under irrigation of
soil thereby avoiding crop damage. Through this project itcan be concluded that there
can be considerable development in farming with the use of IOTand automation.
Thus, the system is a potential solution to the problems faced in the existingmanual
process of irrigation by enabling efficient utilization of water resources.
To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the system, the following
recommendations canbe put into consideration. Option of controlling the water pump
can be given to the farmer i.e.he can switch on/off the pump in order to start/stop the
process of irrigation without beingpresent at the farm. The farmer may choose to stop
the growth of crops or the crops may getdamaged due to adverse weather conditions.
In such cases farmer may need to stop the systemremotely. The idea of using IOT for
irrigation can be extended further to other activities infarming such as cattle
management, fire detection and climate control. This would minimalizehuman
intervention in
farming
activities.
 Advantages

• Water Conservation.
• Lowered Operation Costs.
• Efficient and Saves Time.
• Increase in productivity.
• Reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching.
• very accurate
• Ability to read soil volumetric water content directly.
• Continuous measurements at same location.

Disadvantages
• Difficult in maintaince
• Difficult in setup/repairs
• In the case of equipment like robots amd computer based intelligents for
running the
devices,it is highly unlikely that a normal farmer will be able to pos sess this
knowledge
or even develope them.
• The procces will cost huge amount.

Result: Hence we have smart irrigation system and it's working

o https://www.tutorialspoint.com/amplifiers/
materials_introduction.html
o https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/transistor-as-an-amplifier/#transistor-as-an-
amplifier-working
o https://testbook.com/electrical-engineering/transistor-as-an-amplifier-principles-
and-working
o https://byjus.com/jee/transistor-as-amplifier/