Directorate: Curriculum FET

SUBJECT and GRADE GRADE 10 MATHEMATICS

TERM 2 Week 5
TOPIC 2-Dimensional Trigonometry
AIMS OF LESSON To:
• Use trigonometric ratios and apply them in right-angled triangles to calculate sides and angles of triangles.
• Work with more than one triangle to calculate lengths and sides in the triangles.
• Represent a real – life problem as a right-angled triangle or triangles.
•
RESOURCES Paper based resources Digital resources
• Consult your Trigonometry section in the SOHCAHTOA Mnemonic: https://youtube.com/watch?v=PIWJo5uK3Fo
textbook. Angles of Elevation and Depression:https://youtu.be/YNe5epxUFTU
Scientific Calculator
INTRODUCTION • Trigonometry was developed in ancient civilisations to solve practical problems such as building construction and
navigation. These lessons will show that trigonometry can be used to solve other practical problems..
• NB! Pythagorus’ Theorem is only used if the lengths of EG.
two sides are given:

(ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒)2 = (𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)2 +(𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒)2

or
𝑟2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦 2

• Naming the sides in a Right-Angled Triangle For any Right-angled ∆, we identify the sides in the following
order:

1. The longest side is called the hypotenuse. The angle (∠)

across the hypotenuse is indicated by 𝑎 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘 . This block
represents a right angle i.e 90°
2. The side across from the angle you are working with is the
opposite side,
3. and the remaining side is called the adjacent side
 Directorate: Curriculum FET

1. Identify the hypotenuse, the side opposite the right ∠.

2. Where is the ∠ I must use?

I require 𝛼 so the side across 𝛼 is the opposite side.

3. The remaining side is the adjacent side.

1. Identify the hypotenuse, the side opposite the right ∠.

2. Where is the ∠ I must use?

I require 𝛽 so the side across 𝛽 is the opposite side.

3. The remaining side is the adjacent side.

The Names of the 3 Ratios

Sine, cosine and tangent

Definitions
tangent 𝜃
sine 𝜃 cosine 𝜃

How can we remember the definitions?

SOH CAH TOA

 Directorate: Curriculum FET

CONCEPTS AND SKILLS Example 1: Determine the length of the side 𝑥, in the sketch below. CAN YOU?
For a right – angled triangle,
when an angle is given and a 1. Determine the length of the side 𝑥, in the sketch
side you can use the ratios to below.
determine the other two sides

1.Identify which side is

required. Solution:
𝑜𝑝𝑝 1. Identify 𝑥, is the side opposite
2.Pick the correct formula sin 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 the given angle 30°.
3.Rearrange the formula to find 𝑥
sin 30° = 2. Pick the correct ratio. The
the required side. 10 opposite must be calculated
10 𝑥 10 and the length of the
Then substitute to find the × sin 30° = ×
1 10 1 hypotenuse is given. The trig
required side.
10 × sin 30° = 1𝑥 ratio involving opposite side
Answer: 𝑥 = 5 𝑐𝑚
and hypotenuse is the sine
1𝑥 = 10 × sin 30° ratio. Substitute the
1 values/variables that we know
1𝑥 = 10 ×
2 3. Rearrange the formula to
1𝑥 = 5 𝑐𝑚 find 𝑥 , the required side.

LET’S LOOK AT PROBLEMS 𝟕 CAN YOU?

Example 2: Determine the size of 𝜃: 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝛉 = 𝟏𝟐
WHERE THE ANGLE HAS TO
BE FOUND On the calculator press INV/SHIFT button then 2.
Solution: 𝟏𝟒
𝟕
sin then ∴ 𝜃 = 35,69° Determine the size of 𝛽: 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛃 =
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟓
𝜃 = 35,69° 7
Just take note if you use the decimal (12 = 0,583),
Answer: 𝛽= 43,03°
since you are rounding off early
𝛉 = 35,66° this is incorrect if answer is correct to
two decimal places.
 Directorate: Curriculum FET

HEIGHTS and DISTANCES Example 3: Determine the size of the angle 𝑦. CAN YOU?

3.Determine the size of the angle 𝑎.

Solution:

30
sin 𝑦 =
50 Answer:
30 𝑎 = 37,99°
𝑦 = sin−1 ( )
50 The hypotenuse and
𝑦 = 36,87° opposite side can be
identified so the sine ratio
is required.

Example 4: Determine AD CAN YOU?

Determine: DC
 Directorate: Curriculum FET

2.1 To find AD –Use triangle ADC. The hypotenuse(AC) isAnswer:

given
and opposite side(AD) must be determined, ∴the sine ratio is ∴ 𝐷𝐶 = 15,97𝑐𝑚
required.
𝑜𝑝𝑝 𝐴𝐷
sin 𝐶 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐷
sin(37°) =
20
20 𝐴𝐷 20
× sin(37°) = ×
1 20 1
20 × sin( 37°) = 𝐴𝐷

𝐴𝐷 = 20 × sin(37°)

𝐴𝐷 = 15,97 𝑐𝑚

∴ 𝐴𝐷 = 16 𝑐𝑚
ACTIVITIES/ Do Additional exercises from your textbook.
ASSESSMENT
Syavula:
Page:229 Exercise: 7 – 3
Page 232 Exercise: 7 - 4
CONSOLIDATION KEY CONCEPTS :
• Definitions of the ratios sin θ

• How to find a side when an angle and another side is given. SOH CAH TOA

• How to find an angle when two sides are given.

tan θ
cos θ

Don’t forget the

Identify Shift or 2nd
sides function button
correctly