1

Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering, Research and

Technology, Chandrapur
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Academic Year (2024-2025)

A report on

“ AUTOMATIC PARKING CAR”

PNR No Name of Students

23041631370502 Ritika . S . Nagrale
23041631370503 Harika . S . Golewar
23041631370505 Rahul . V . Walke
23041631370059 Shadaf . H . Pathan
Project Guide

Dr. ( Anjum Qureshi )

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere,

Raigad
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Vision and Mission of Institute

Vision

To be on forefront to impart quality education to address societal and industrial needs and
imbibe career skills through perseverance and practice.

Mission

• To adapt innovative student centric learning methods based on understanding and

practice.
• To enhance professional and entrepreneurial skills.
• To motivate students to meet dynamic needs of the society with novelty and creativity.
• To promote research and continuing education to keep country ahead.
• To promote the mindset to acquire local solutions to local problems(LS2LP).

Vision and Mission of Department

Vision

Emerge as a Centre of excellence for Electronics and Communication Engineering, imparting

value based education and conducting quality research in cutting edge technologies, thus
contributing in socio-economic growth of the country.

Mission

Mission Mission Statement

no.

Foster effective teaching-learning process to ensure proper diffusion of

M1
knowledge to the students

Create an environment to encourage and motivate students to apply their

M2
mind to the engineering problems

Provide platform to students to hone their technical and soft skills

M3
necessary to succeed in their professional life
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Acknowledgeme

The goal was clear, the steps were planned, and we began our journey with
enthusiasm, vigor, and keen interest. Although we encountered obstacles that
made the journey challenging, our determination only grew stronger with time.
What once seemed out of reach became achievable through persistence and
teamwork.
This journey reaffirmed the saying:

"Try, try, and you will succeed"

This project has been successfully completed under the invaluable guidance of
Dr. Anjum Qureshi from the Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering. Her constant appreciation, encouragement, and inspiring support
have played a crucial role in helping us stay focused and motivated throughout
the development process.

We would also like to express our sincere gratitude to Prof. Parag Dhankar, Head
of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, for his
valuable insights and guidance, and to Dr. A. Z. Chitade, Principal of Rajiv Gandhi
College of Engineering, Research and Technology, Chandrapur, for providing us
with the opportunity and necessary resource.

Lastly, we extend our heartfelt thanks to all the teaching and non- teaching staff,
as well as our friends, who have supported us directly or indirectly in completing
this project on Automatic Parking Car.

Place: Chandrapur
Date: 07-05-2025

Ritika . S . Nagrale (66)

Harika . S . Golewar (67)
Rahul . V . Walke (69)
Shadaf . H . Pathan (57)
Student name
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RAJIV GANDHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

RESEARCH AND TECCHNOLOGY,
CHANDRAPUR – 442403

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, LONERE

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the mini project titled,

“ AUTOMATIC PARKING CAR”

has been successfully presented by

Ritika . S . Nagrale ,Harika . S . Golewar,Rahul . V . Walke,Shadaf . H . Pathan

in partial fulfilment for awarding degree of

Bachelor of Engineering in
Electronics and Communication Engineering by
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere

during academic year 2024-2025

Dr. Anjum Qureshi Prof. Prabhakar Thawari Prof. Parag Dhankar

GUIDE Incharge HOD

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Index

Sr. No. Contents Page No.

1 Introduction 9

2 Literature review 10

3 Components 11-14

4 Schematic Diagrams 15

5 Methodology 16

6 System development 17-18

7 Observations 19

8 Result 20

9 Conclusion 21

10 Future scope 22

11 References 23
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Table of Figure

Sr. No. Figure Name Page No.

1 Arduino uno 11

2 Breadboard 11

3 Battery 12

4 Ultrasonic sensor 12

5 Jumper wires 13

6 Servo motor 14
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List of Abbreviation

Sr. No. Abbreviations Meaning

1. IR Infrared

2. LCD Liquid Crystal Display

3. RFID Radio Frequency Identification

4. DC
Direct Current

5. LED
Light Emitting Diode

Global System for Mobile

6. GSM
Communication

Internet of Things
7. IoT
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Abstract

This project presents the design and development of an Automatic Parking Car
System that aims to simplify and automate vehicle entry and exit in parking
areas. Using IR sensors and a microcontroller, the system detects incoming
vehicles and automatically opens the car. Once the vehicle passes, the car
closes securely.

This setup reduces the need for manual car operation, enhances security, and
improves efficiency in vehicle movement. The system is cost-effective, easy to
install, and suitable for residential as well as commercial parking spaces.

The rapid increase in vehicle numbers, along with the need for more efficient
and secure parking solutions, has led to the development of automated
systems in parking management. The Automatic Parking Car System is
designed to address the inefficiencies and limitations of traditional manual car
operations. This system aims to automate the process of vehicle entry and exit,
ensuring smooth traffic flow and enhanced security in parking spaces.

The system utilizes Infrared (IR) sensors and a microcontroller to detect the
presence of vehicles and control the car's operation. Upon detecting a vehicle,
the IR sensor sends a signal to the microcontroller, which activates the motor
to open the car. After the vehicle passes, the car closes automatically. This
system eliminates the need for manual car operation, saving time and
minimizing human error.

The project is designed to be a cost-effective, simple, and scalable solution for

parking management in residential complexes, office buildings, shopping malls,
and private parking lots. With its reliable performance and easy installation,
the Automatic Parking Car System offers a practical application of automation
in enhancing the efficiency and security of modern parking environments.
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Introduction

In today’s modern era, automation has become an essential part of daily life,
offering convenience, safety, and efficiency. One area where automation
proves especially useful is in vehicle parking systems. Manual operation of
parking cars can lead to traffic congestion, delays, and security concerns. The
Automatic Parking Car System aims to address these issues by automating the
process of opening and closing the car when a vehicle is detected, reducing the
need for human intervention.

This project uses components such as IR sensors, a microcontroller, and a

motor mechanism to detect the presence of a vehicle and control the car
accordingly. When a vehicle approaches the car, the sensor sends a signal to
the microcontroller, which triggers the motor to open the car. Once the vehicle
passes, the car closes automatically. This system is ideal for residential
apartments, office parking areas, malls, and other private parking lots,
ensuring smooth and secure vehicle movement.

The components used in this project include IR sensors, a microcontroller (such

as Arduino or ATmega), a motor driver, and a motor mechanism. These
components work in coordination to detect, process, and respond to the
presence of a vehicle. The system is designed to be compact, cost-effective,
and easy to install. It can be powered through a DC source and may also be
enhanced with additional features like RFID, GSM, or mobile app integration
for improved functionality.

The Automatic Parking Car System is ideal for use in a variety of places such as
residential apartments, shopping malls, office buildings, and private parking
lots. It provides enhanced security, reduces the dependency on manual labor,
and ensures efficient traffic management. The project demonstrates how
automation and basic electronics can be effectively combined to create smart
solutions for real-world problems.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON AUTOMATIC BRAKE AND HEADLIGHT SYSTEM

1) Rareş CRIŞAN, Olimpiu TĂTAR, Vistrian MĂTIEŞ, Dan MÂNDRU [1] have given
information related to driving safety at the time of fog and night. For the same problem
they proposed solution which is fully integrated about spot light positioning i.e. didactical
stand. Two different principles have presented, one with demonstrative approach using
Lab View software and another using microcontroller. At time of night driving, opposite
drivers gets disturbed by projected lights on their window. The solution given in two
stages in order to improve visibility in curves, first by auto-adjusting headlights and other
by direction depending on angle of driver wheels. Constructive solution of light
positioning given in two modules, considering trajectory and IJSART - Volume 3 Issue 6 –
JUNE 2017 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052 Page | 53 www.ijsart.com considering mass of
automobile. It was observed that, using didactical stand, development of cheap solution
for positioning of light bulb is possible with construction focusing on programming and
electronic design.

2) Sumant Ashok Nayak, Kiran G, Kushal P S, Madhu B V and Dr. Ravishankar M K [2] have
designed EMPB (Electromechanical parking braking system) by using electric motor,
reduction gear train associated with the motor. Lead screw pushes the brake pads which
is driven by motor through reduction gear box. They replaced mechanical component by
complete electrical component. The EMPB system uses hold and release function to work
with ignition conditions of engine. They designed the caliper pot model and made
analysis for clamp load of 3700 N by using finite element method. Due to good response
time of EMPB system, it becomes possible to apply and release the parking brake in very
short time period.

3) Ganesh Dhamdhere, Sandhya Chourasia, Sumit Sasatte, Lect. P. K. Warkey [3] have
designed and build an adaptive front light control system prototype. This system uses the
data of staring angle and rotates the headlamp in horizontal direction. This system uses
the data of distance between subject vehicle and next vehicle and rotates the headlamp
accordingly in vertical direction. This study mainly concern for vehicle accidents
occurring at night. They use POT to sense steering angle. This angle is used to turn the
headlamp beam. They used pulse width modulation (PWM) to obtain digital output.
Output suggests four positions of PWM with 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% duty cycle. They used
potentiometer for angle measurement and ultrasonic sensor to generate echo pulse in
response of pulse which is proportional to distance between vehicles.
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COMPONENT

1. Arduino Uno
The Arduino Uno is a widely used microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P chip. It
features 14 digital input/output pins (6 of which can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs,
a USB connection for programming, and a power jack. The board operates at 5V and is
programmed using the Arduino IDE. It's ideal for beginners due to its simplicity and extensive
community support.

2. Breadboard
A breadboard is a tool for prototyping electronic circuits without soldering. It consists of a grid
of holes connected by metal strips, allowing components to be inserted and connected using
jumper wires. Breadboards are essential for testing and modifying circuits during development.
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3. Battery
Batteries provide portable power to Arduino projects. Common choices include 9V batteries for
general use or AA/AAA batteries in battery holders. For more power-intensive projects,
rechargeable Li-ion or Li-Po batteries are used, often with a charging circuit. The choice of
battery depends on the project's power requirements and portability needs.

4. Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)

The HC-SR04 is a popular ultrasonic distance sensor that uses sound waves to measure the
distance to an object. It has two main components: a transmitter that emits ultrasonic pulses
and a receiver that listens for the echoes. By calculating the time it takes for the echo to return,
the sensor can determine the distance to the object. This sensor is widely used in robotics,
automation, and obstacle detection systems.
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5. Jumper Wires
Jumper wires are flexible electrical wires with connectors at each end, used to make temporary
connections between components on a breadboard or between a breadboard and an Arduino
board. They come in various lengths and are essential for building and modifying circuits
quickly.
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6. Servo motor
A servo motor is a type of motor that allows for precise control of angular or linear position,
speed, and torque. It's a closed-loop system, meaning it uses feedback from a sensor to adjust
its movement and maintain accuracy
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SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
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Methodology

The development of the Automatic Parking Car System was carried out in a
phased approach, beginning with the planning and selection of components. A
study was conducted on various sensor technologies, and Infrared (IR) sensors
were selected for their reliability, low cost, and ease of integration with
microcontrollers.
The microcontroller chosen for this project was the ATmega328P, which
provided sufficient input/output pins and processing capability to handle sensor
signals and control the car motor mechanism.
The hardware design phase involved assembling the circuit on a breadboard to
test individual components. IR sensors were calibrated to detect vehicles within
a range of 30 to 40 cm, ensuring accurate detection without false triggers from
distant objects. A motor driver (L298N) was used to interface the
microcontroller with the DC motor responsible for car movement. The power
supply was designed using a 12V adapter regulated through voltage converters
to ensure safe operation of all components.
In the software phase, the microcontroller was programmed using the Arduino
IDE. The logic included real-time monitoring of the IR sensor, motor activation
on detection, and a short delay before closing the car once the vehicle passed.
Additional safety logic was implemented to prevent the car from closing if the
sensor still detected an object. Testing was conducted using a toy vehicle to
simulate entry and exit, and multiple trials were carried out to fine- tune timing
and response.
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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC PARKING CAR

1. Define the Type of System

Decide which kind of parking automation system you want to build:
• Smart Parking Management System (software for space detection,
booking, payments)
• Automated Parking System (APS) (mechanical system to park and
retrieve vehicles automatically)

2. Key Components
For Smart Parking System (Software & IoT)
• Sensors: Ultrasonic or IR sensors to detect car presence.
• Microcontroller: Arduino, Raspberry Pi, or ESP32 to read sensors and
control components.
• Software Interface: Web or mobile app to show availability, book slots,
make payments.
• Database: For storing parking status, user bookings, and payment data.
• Cloud Connectivity: For real-time updates and remote access (e.g., via
Firebase or AWS IoT).
For APS (Mechanical & Control System)
• Motors & Actuators: To move platforms, lifts, and conveyors.
• Programmable Logic Controller (PLC): To control movement logic.
• Safety Systems: Infrared beams, load sensors, emergency stops.
• Simulation Software: To model movements (e.g., SolidWorks,
MATLAB Simulink).

3. Development Stages
A. Design Phase
• Layout of parking space.
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• Flowchart of vehicle entry, space detection, slot assignment, and exit.

B. Hardware Setup
• Mount sensors in each slot.
• Set up microcontroller to read sensor values and control actuators or
display.
C. Software Development
• Build real-time dashboard for users/admins.
• Implement algorithms for slot allocation (e.g., nearest-first).
• Integrate with payment gateways if needed.
D. Communication
• Use MQTT, HTTP, or WebSocket for device-server communication.
E. Testing & Optimization
• Test system with multiple cars and use cases.
• Calibrate sensors and response times.
• Implement safety checks.

4. Optional Enhancements
• License Plate Recognition (using OpenCV)
• Mobile App with Maps Integration
• Dynamic Pricing Based on Time/Occupancy
• AI-Powered Slot Prediction
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OBSERVATION

1. System Overview
• Type of system: Ultrasonic sensor-based, camera-based (vision), RFID,
IoT-enabled, or robotic.
• Components involved: Sensors, microcontrollers, motors, cameras, AI
algorithms, etc.
• Environment: Indoor (basement/garage) or outdoor (open lot).
2. Working Principle
• How the system detects available parking spots.
• How it guides or automatically parks the car (if applicable).
• Communication between system and driver (e.g., via app or on-site
display).
3. Observations to Record
• Accuracy of parking spot detection.
• Speed of operation (time to park).
• Reliability under different conditions (lighting, weather, obstacles).
• User experience (ease of use, interface quality).
• Safety features (collision detection, emergency stop).
4. Data Collection
• Number of cars parked automatically.
• Frequency of errors or malfunctions.
• User feedback and satisfaction.
• Sensor or system failure instances.
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RESULT

After assembling the hardware and uploading the control code, the automatic
car parking system was tested under different conditions. The following results
were observed:
1. The ultrasonic sensors successfully detected obstacles and accurately
measured distances within ±2 cm.
2. The system automatically identified vacant parking spots based on sensor
feedback and navigated the toy car to the slot.
3. Servo motors (or motors with motor drivers) reliably controlled the car's
movement and stopping mechanism during parking.
4. The IR or line-following sensors helped in path tracking with over 90%
accuracy on standard surfaces.
5. The system responded in real-time (delay < 500 ms) to changing parking
conditions.
6. On average, the car parked successfully in 8 out of 10 trials in a
miniature parking layout.
These results demonstrate that the system can autonomously identify and
occupy a parking spot in a controlled environment, confirming the feasibility of
low-cost smart parking technology using Arduino.
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Conclusion

Automatic car parking systems represent a significant advancement in urban

mobility and infrastructure management. These systems employ a combination
of sensors, cameras, and intelligent algorithms to automate the parking process,
guiding vehicles safely and accurately into available space.
By reducing the need for manual driver input, they help minimize human
error, lower the risk of collisions, and streamline traffic flow within parking
facilitie.
Additionally, automatic parking solutions are designed to maximize space
utilization, allowing more vehicles to be accommodated in a given area. This not
only helps in reducing congestion but also saves valuable time for drivers.
Enhanced security features, such as surveillance integration and controlled
access, further contribute to a safer and more efficient parking environment.
Overall, automatic car parking systems aim to provide a convenient, reliable,
and smart solution for modern transportation challenge.
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FUTURE SCOPE

1. Integration with Smart Cities

• Seamless integration with smart traffic systems and city infrastructure.
• Real-time parking data shared with drivers via mobile apps and in-vehicle
systems.
2. Advanced AI and Sensors
• Enhanced use of AI for obstacle detection, space optimization, and
autonomous decision-making.
• Improved sensors and LIDAR for precision in tight urban environments.
3. Fully Autonomous Parking
• Vehicles autonomously navigating to and from parking spots without
driver input.
• Valet parking systems in malls, airports, and commercial areas using
robotics and self-driving tech.
4. Space Efficiency
• Robotic parking solutions that maximize vertical and horizontal space,
crucial for crowded urban areas.
• Reduced land usage and construction cost due to elimination of ramps
and wide lanes.
5. EV and Charging Integration
• Automatic alignment with charging docks for electric vehicles.
• Systems that prioritize EVs and manage energy distribution.
6. Sustainability and Emissions Reduction
• Reduced vehicle idling time searching for parking lowers emissions.
• Efficient land use contributes to greener city designs.
7. Commercial Applications
• Logistics hubs, residential complexes, airports, and shopping centers
using automatic systems to improve flow and security.
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Reference
1. Kumar, “Design and Implementation of Sensor-Based Automated
Car System,” International Journal of Embedded Systems and
Robotics, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 45–49, 2022.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361137035_Autonomous_V
ehicles_and_Intelligent_Automation

2. S. Mehta and R. Patil, “Smart Parking Solutions Using Arduino and

IR Sensors,” Journal of Innovative Engineering Technologies, vol. 10,
no. 1, pp. 18–24, 2021.
https://museonaturalistico.it/index.php/journal/article/download/557/4
42/1036

3. T. Deshmukh, “Automation in Vehicle Access Control Systems,”

Proceedings of the National Conference on Smart Infrastructure,
Nagpur, India, 2023.
https://www.svkm-
iot.ac.in/NAAC/Criterion3/3.3/Final%20KI%203.3.2.pdf

4. From Wikipedia:- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_parking