WHAT IS AI

When a machine Mimics Human intelligence, Can solve real-world problems, Improves on its own
from past experiences, Can predict and make decisions on its own it is said to be artificially
intelligent.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that focuses on creating machines or
software that can perform tasks which normally require human intelligence. These tasks include
learning from experience, understanding language, recognizing patterns, solving problems, and
making decisions. AI aims to make computers think and act like humans in certain ways. Some
common examples of AI include voice assistants like Siri or Alexa, self-driving cars, and
recommendation systems used by online shopping websites.

Real Life applications of AI

SMART HOME

SMART CITY

SMART SCHOOL

DREAM SMART HOME

1. - Integration with smart devices throughout the house for seamless control and monitoring.
2. Voice and Gesture Control:
- Voice recognition integrated into every room, allowing residents to control lighting, temperature,
entertainment systems, and more using voice commands.
- Gesture control for hands-free operation of devices, particularly useful in kitchens and
bathrooms.
3. Automated Climate Control:
- AI-driven systems that learn the occupants' preferences and adjust temperature and humidity
accordingly.
- Integration with weather forecasts to optimize energy usage
4. Security and Surveillance:
- AI-powered surveillance cameras with facial recognition and anomaly detection to enhance home
security.
- Automated locking systems for doors and windows, which can be controlled remotely.

5. Energy Management:
- Smart meters and appliances that adjust energy usage based on demand and cost.
- Solar panels and battery storage systems managed by AI to maximize energy efficiency.
6. Health and Wellness Monitoring:
- AI-enabled sensors to monitor air quality, detect leaks, and assess overall wellness indicators.
- real-time health monitoring and alerts.

7. Entertainment and Connectivity:

- AI-curated entertainment options based on personal preferences, including music, movies, and
TV shows.
- Seamless integration with smart TVs, gaming consoles, and streaming services.

8. Automated Household Chores:

- Robotic vacuum cleaners and lawn mowers that operate autonomously and can be scheduled or
controlled via AI.
- Laundry machines and dishwashers with AI optimization for water and detergent usage.

9. Personalized Assistance:
- reminders , and notifications personalized for each household member.
- AI-generated shopping lists and meal planning based on dietary preferences and inventory.
10. Emergency Response and Assistance:
- AI-powered emergency response systems that detect accidents, fires, or medical emergencies
and alert emergency services.
- Integration with wearable devices for immediate assistance.
11. Privacy and Data Security:
- Robust encryption and privacy controls to protect personal data collected by AI systems.
- Regular updates and patches to prevent vulnerabilities and ensure data security.

12. Environmental Sustainability:

- AI analytics to monitor and reduce water and energy consumption.
- Integration with smart appliances and systems that contribute to reducing the household's
carbon footprint.

The term artificial intelligence was first coined by John

McCarthy in 1956 when he held the first academic conference
on the subject.
NARROW AI AND BROAD AI

Narrow AI:

 Explanation: Narrow AI, also known as weak AI, is designed to perform specific
tasks or solve particular problems.
 Example: Chatbots like Siri or Alexa are examples of narrow AI because they can
understand and respond to specific voice commands or questions, but they cannot
perform tasks outside their programmed scope.
Broad AI:

 Explanation: Broad AI, also known as strong AI or artificial general intelligence

(AGI), aims to mimic human cognitive abilities across a wide range of tasks.
 Example: We don't have true examples of broad AI yet, but it would be like a robot
or system that can think, learn, and solve problems across different domains, similar
to how humans do.

WHAT IS MACHINE LEARNING

Machine learning is a type of technology that allows computers to learn from data and improve their
performance without being explicitly programmed. It's like teaching a computer to recognize
patterns and make decisions based on examples it's given. For example, showing a computer lots of
pictures of cats and dogs so it can learn to tell them apart by itself.

Supervised Machine Learning:

 Explanation: Supervised learning is when the computer is taught using labeled data,
where the correct answers are already known.
 Example: Teaching a computer to recognize fruits by showing it labeled pictures of
apples, oranges, and bananas.

Unsupervised Machine Learning:

 Explanation: Unsupervised learning is when the computer learns from unlabeled data
and tries to find patterns or groupings on its own.
 Example: Sorting a collection of fruits into different groups based on their
similarities without any prior labels.

AI IN GAMES

Rock, Paper, Scissors : Uses Data Science Domain of AI

1. Player Input:
- The human player chooses either Rock, Paper, or Scissors.
2. AI Decision:
- The AI opponent uses a decision-making algorithm to choose its move based on the player’s
history of choices.
- Initially, the AI might randomly select a move.
- As the game progresses, the AI can employ strategies like simple pattern recognition or more
sophisticated machine learning algorithms.
3. Feedback and Learning:
- After each round, the AI updates its strategy based on the outcome.
- If the AI loses, it might adjust its strategy to counter the player’s choice.
- If it wins, it might reinforce its current strategy.
Semantris (USES NLP domain of AI)

is a word association game that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to create a fun and challenging
experience.

In Semantris, players are presented with a grid of words. The goal is to type words that are
associated with or related to the words already on the grid.

The AI in Semantris analyzes the words players type and the words already on the grid. It tries to
predict and understand the connections between these words to enhance gameplay.

Quick, Draw! (uses computer vision,CV) is a game where you try to draw something, and a computer
tries to guess what it is. It uses AI, which is like a smart computer that learns from lots of examples
to make guesses. The more you play, the better the computer gets at guessing what you draw. It's
like having a smart friend who learns new things every time you play together!

Mystery Animal. –

The Mystery Animal online game primarily uses natural language processing (NLP), a subfield of
artificial intelligence (AI). NLP enables the game to understand and interpret the questions and
answers provided by players, allowing it to guess the animal they are thinking of based on their
descriptions and responses.

DOMAINS OF AI WITH EXAMPLES OF REAL LIFE APPLICATIONS OF AI

1. Data Science:
Data Science is a field that combines different techniques from mathematics, statistics, and
computer science to analyze and understand large sets of data. It involves collecting, organizing, and
examining data to find patterns, make decisions, and predict future outcomes.

Example: Predictive Analytics in E-commerce

- Description: E-commerce companies use data science and AI to analyze customer behavior and
predict what products a customer might be interested in purchasing next based on their past
purchases and browsing history.

Predictive Analytics for Patient Care:

Data scientists use medical records and patient data to predict disease outbreaks, identify at-
risk patients, and optimize treatment plans based on historical data and current health trends.

Medical Imaging Analysis:

AI algorithms analyze medical images (like X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans) to assist doctors in
diagnosing diseases such as cancer or detecting abnormalities.

Fraud Detection:
Banks and financial institutions use data science to detect fraudulent transactions by
analyzing patterns in transaction data, identifying anomalies, and preventing financial losses.

Market analysis

Data scientists analyze customer purchase data to identify patterns and associations between
products. This helps retailers optimize product placements, promotions, and recommendations.

Inventory Management:

AI-driven demand forecasting models use historical sales data and external factors (like
weather or holidays) to predict future demand, optimizing inventory levels and reducing
costs.

Personalized Learning:

Data science models analyze student performance data to personalize learning experiences,
recommending learning materials and interventions based on individual strengths and
weaknesses.

2. Computer Vision:
Computer Vision is a field of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables computers to understand and
interpret visual information from the world, just like humans do. It involves teaching computers to
see and recognize objects, people, and scenes in images and videos.Example: Facial Recognition
Systems

- Description: Facial recognition systems use computer vision algorithms to identify and verify
individuals based on their facial features. They are used in security systems, unlocking smartphones,
and even tagging friends in photos on social media platforms.

Object Detection and Recognition:

Computer vision systems in autonomous vehicles identify and classify objects such as
pedestrians, cyclists, vehicles, and traffic signs to navigate safely.

Medical Imaging Analysis:

Computer vision is used to analyze medical images such as X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans to
assist radiologists in diagnosing diseases and conditions.

Augmented Reality (AR) Fitting Rooms:

AR applications use computer vision to superimpose virtual clothing items on customers in

real-time, allowing them to visualize how garments look before making a purchase.

Crop Monitoring:

Drones equipped with computer vision cameras capture images of agricultural fields to
monitor crop health, detect pests or diseases, and optimize irrigation and fertilization.
Livestock Monitoring:

Computer vision systems analyze video feeds to monitor the health and behavior of livestock,
detecting signs of distress or illness.

Gesture Recognition:

Gaming consoles and AR/VR systems use computer vision to recognize and interpret hand
gestures for interactive gameplay and immersive experiences.

Emotion Recognition:

Computer vision algorithms analyze facial expressions to detect emotions in real-time,

enhancing user interaction and engagement in virtual environments.

3. Natural Language Processing (NLP):

Definition: Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of AI that helps computers understand,
interpret, and generate human language.

Example: Chatbots for Customer Support

- Description: Many companies use NLP-powered chatbots to handle customer inquiries and provide
support. These chatbots can understand natural language inputs from customers and respond
appropriately, helping to automate customer service tasks.

Document Summarization:

NLP techniques summarize large volumes of text by extracting key information, enabling
quick understanding and decision-making.

Email Filtering and Spam Detection:

NLP algorithms analyze email content to classify messages as important, spam, or

promotional, helping users prioritize and manage their email communications.

Language Translation Services:

Online translation tools like Google Translate use NLP to translate text or speech between
different languages, enabling communication across linguistic barriers.

Customer Feedback Analysis:

NLP techniques are used to analyze customer surveys, feedback forms, and reviews to
identify trends, sentiment, and areas for improvement.
 VARIOUS FIELDS WHERE AI IS USED

AI in marketing uses smart technology to understand customers better, create personalized

ads, and automate tasks like sending emails. It helps businesses reach the right people with
the right message, improves customer service, and makes marketing efforts more effective.

AI in healthcare helps doctors diagnose diseases faster and more accurately. It can predict
patient health issues before they become serious and suggest the best treatments. AI also
assists in managing patient records and streamlining hospital operations. Overall, it improves
patient care and makes healthcare more efficient.

AI in space exploration helps control spacecraft and rovers, making them smarter and more
autonomous. It analyzes data from space missions to discover new information about planets
and stars. AI can also predict and solve problems during missions. Overall, it makes
exploring space more efficient and effective.

AI in agriculture helps grow plants in space by controlling the environment and monitoring
plant health. It uses sensors and data to optimize water, light, and nutrients for plants. AI can
also detect and fix problems with plant growth. This makes it easier to produce food in space.

AI in finance helps predict market trends and make investment decisions. It automates tasks like
fraud detection and risk assessment. AI also personalizes financial advice for customers based on
their data. This improves efficiency and accuracy in managing finances.

AI in chatbots helps answer customer questions quickly and accurately. It can provide support 24/7
and handle many conversations at once. AI chatbots learn from interactions to improve their
responses over time. They make customer service faster and more efficient.

AI in banking helps detect fraud by identifying suspicious activities. It provides personalized financial
advice to customers based on their spending habits. AI automates tasks like loan approvals and
customer support. This makes banking more secure, efficient, and customer-friendly.

AI in autonomous vehicles helps cars drive themselves safely by interpreting data from sensors and
cameras. It makes decisions like when to accelerate, brake, or change lanes based on traffic
conditions. AI also learns from experience to improve driving accuracy and safety over time. This
technology aims to reduce accidents and make transportation more convenient.

AI in artificial creativity generates original ideas, music, art, and writing using algorithms and data. It
can mimic human creativity by analyzing patterns and styles from existing works. AI learns and
improves its creative output based on feedback and preferences. This innovation expands creative
possibilities in fields like design, entertainment, and advertising.
 AI BIAS

Here's a simple example of AI bias

Imagine an AI-powered facial recognition system used in a school for attendance. If the
system was trained mostly on photos of one ethnic group, it might struggle to accurately
recognize faces from other ethnicities. This could lead to some students being marked
absent more often simply because the AI doesn't recognize their faces as well. This
shows how biases in the data used to train AI can impact its fairness and accuracy in
real-world applications.

I bias can lead to unfair decisions because the technology learns from data that might not represent
everyone equally. For example, if an AI system is used to recommend job candidates but was trained
on data that mostly included men, it might unfairly favor male applicants. This happens because the
AI hasn't learned enough about women's qualifications. So, AI bias can make decisions that are
unfair by not considering everyone fairly based on their abilities.

AI ETHICS

AI ethics are rules and principles that guide how artificial intelligence should be used responsibly and
fairly. It's about making sure AI systems treat everyone equally and respect people's privacy and
rights. We talk about AI ethics to make sure technology helps society in a positive way without
causing harm or unfairness. It's like setting good rules to make sure everyone plays fair and stays
safe when using AI.

DATA LITERACY

Data literacy Data literacy for students refers to the ability to read, understand, interpret, and use
data effectively. It involves several key skills and competencies, including

1) Data collection
2) Data interpretation
3) Data Analysis
4) Data Evaluation
5) Data Communication

Data Privacy and Security Data privacy for students refers to the protection of their personal
and sensitive information from unauthorized access, misuse, or exposure.
 AI Project Cycle

Problem Scoping

Refers to understanding a problem, finding out various factors which affect the problem, define the
goal or aim of the project

4 W's of Problem Scoping

The 4W’s of Problem Scoping are Who, What, Where ,and Why. This Ws helps in identifying and
understanding the problem in a better and efficient manner

Who - “Who” part helps us in comprehending and categorizing who all are affected directly and
indirectly with the problem and who are called the Stake Holders

What - “What” part helps us in understanding and identifying the nature of the problem and under
this block, you also gather evidence to prove that the problem you have selected exists

Where- "Where” does the problem arise, situation, context, and location.

Why - “Why” is the given problem worth solving.

Problem Statement Template

The Problem Statement Template helps us to summarize all the key points into one single template.
So that in the future, whenever there is a need to look back at the basis of the problem, we can take
a look at the Problem Statement Template and understand its key elements of it.

The Stakeholder Who

Have a problem Issue/Problem What

When/While Context/Situation/Location Where

Ideal Solution How the Solution will help Stakeholders Why

Data Acquisition

The process of collecting accurate and reliable data to work with

Data Sources:

Web Scraping :Web Scraping means collecting data from web using some technologies.

Sensors: Sensors collect the physical data and detect the changes.

Camera captures the visual information and then that information which is called image is used as a
source of data.
Observations: When we observe something carefully we get some information

API : Application Programming interface. API is a messenger which takes requests and tells the
system about requests and gives the response.

Surveys: The survey is a method of gathering specific information from a sample of people.

Data Exploration

Data Exploration is the process of arranging the gathered data uniformly fora better understanding.
Data can be arranged in the form of a table, plotting a chart, or making a database.

AI Modelling

To implement your idea you now look at different AI enabled algorithms. Modelling is the process in
which different models based on the visualized data can be created and even checked for the
advantages and disadvantages of the model. After choosing the model you implement it. This is
known as the modelling stage`

Evaluation

Evaluation is the process of understanding the reliability of any AI model, based on outputs by
feeding the test data into the model and comparing it with actual answers.

Deployment

The last stage where you deploy your solution based on the model you have selected.