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B 2 Rings 2025 Assign 1

The document outlines an assignment for a B. Math Hons. course focusing on Rings and Modules, with various mathematical problems to be solved by students. It includes topics such as Boolean rings, group rings, ring homomorphisms, and properties of quaternions. The assignment is due on January 27, 2025, and emphasizes brevity in responses.

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20 views2 pages

B 2 Rings 2025 Assign 1

The document outlines an assignment for a B. Math Hons. course focusing on Rings and Modules, with various mathematical problems to be solved by students. It includes topics such as Boolean rings, group rings, ring homomorphisms, and properties of quaternions. The assignment is due on January 27, 2025, and emphasizes brevity in responses.

Uploaded by

dibya.isibang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment I - Rings and Modules

B. Math. Hons. IInd year


Instructor - B. Sury
Semester II 2024-25
Submit by January 27, 2025
Be BRIEF!

Q 1. Let X be a non-empty set, and Y , a non-empty proper subset.


(i) Prove that the Boolean ring P (Y ) is an ideal in P (X) and that P (X \Y ) ∼
=
P (X)/P (Y ), the quotient ring.
(ii) Prove that every ideal of P (X) is of the form P (Y ) if, and only if, X is
finite. Q
(iii) Prove that there is a ring isomorphism from P (X) to the ring X Z2
which is a direct product of copies of Z2 - one copy for each element of X.

Q 2. Let G be a non-trivial finite group.


(a) Let R be any commutative ring with unity. Prove that the group ring
R[G] has nontrivial zero divisors.
(b) Let R = Zp , the field of p elements with p prime. If p|O(G), prove that
R[G] has nilpotent elements.

Q 3. Let m, n be positive integers > 1. Describe all the ring homomor-


phisms from Zm to Zn (note that by a homomorphism we mean a map that
respects respective addition and multiplication operations but may not take
1 to 1). How many are they in number? Is it the same when m and n are
interchanged?

Q 4. Let R be any ring, and let e ∈ R be an idempotent. Prove: (i) eRe is a


ring with unity, (ii) R is isomorphic as an abelian group under addition with
the direct sum of abelian groups eRe⊕(1−e)Re⊕eR(1−e)⊕(1−e)R(1−e).

1
Q 5. Let f1 , f2 , · · · , fr be polynomials in R[X1 , · · · , Xn ]. Prove that the set

V (f1 , · · · , fr ) := {(a1 , · · · , an ) ∈ Rn : fi (a1 , · · · , an ) = 0 ∀ i ≤ r}

equals
{(b1 , · · · , bn ) ∈ Rn : f (b1 , · · · , bn ) = 0}
for some polynomial f ∈ R[X1 , · · · , Xn ].
Prove the analogous result with R replaced by any field F which is not alge-
braically closed (the last phrase means there are non-constant polynomials
in F [X] which do not have any roots in F ).

Q 6. Recall that the real vector space H of Hamilton’s real quaternions


has a basis 1, i, j, k and it has a ring structure by declaring i2 = j 2 = k 2 =
−1, ij = −ji = k and associativity. Show that H is isomorphic to a subring
of M2 (C). Write an explicit isomorphism.
Hint. Look at the 2-dimensional complex vector space V with basis {j, k}
and, for each z = x+iy in C, consider the matrix of the linear transformation
Rz on V given by multiplication by z.

Q 7. (i) Find all ring isomorphisms from Q onto itself.


(ii) Prove that all ring homomorphisms from R to itself
√ are continuous.
√
(iii) Using (ii) or otherwise, show that the rings Q[ 2] and Q[ 3] are not
isomorphic.
Hint for (ii). Show that a non-zero ring homomorphism f must restrict to
the identity map on Q and that it is order-preserving - meaning f (x) > f (y)
if, and only if, x > y.

Q 8.
(i) For any positive integer n, find a commutative ring with unity which has
exactly n maximal ideals.
(ii) Prove that for any commutative ring R with unity, the polynomial ring
R[X] has at least two maximal ideals.
Hint for (ii). If a ring has only one maximal ideal, all non-units form a single
proper ideal.

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