ProjectReport

on

Blockchain Based Voting System

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of the degree
of

Bachelor of Technology

Under The Supervision of

Name of Supervisor: Ms.Shweta Mayor Sabharwal

Submitted By:-
Name of Student: Pratik Kumar Name of Student: Suyash Kumar

Admission No.: 20SCSE1010632 Admission No. : 20SCSE1010686

SCHOOL OF COMPUTER APPLICATION AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF

COMPUTER APPLICATION
GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY, GREATER NOIDA
INDIA
MONTH, YEAR

SCHOOL OF COMPUTER APPLICATION AND TECHNOLOGY

GALGOTIAS UNIVERSITY, GREATER NOIDA
 CANDIDATE’SDECLARATION

I/We hereby certify that the work which is being presented in the thesis/project/dissertation,entitled
“Blockchain Based Voting System” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the
B.Tech submitted in the School of Computing Science and Engineering of Galgotias University, Greater
Noida, is an original work carried out during theperiod of August, 2023 to December and 2023, under the
supervision of Ms. Shweta Mayor Sabharwal, Department of Computer Science and
Engineering/ComputerApplication and Information and Science,of School of Computing Science and
Engineering, Galgotias University, GreaterNoida
The matter presented in the thesis/project/dissertation has not been submitted by me/us for the award of

any other degree of this or any other places.

Pratik Kumar 20SCSE1010632

Suyash Kumar 20SCSE1010686

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidates is correct to the best of my

knowledge.

SupervisorName

Ms. Shweta Mayor Sabharwal

Signature
 CERTIFICATE

The Final Thesis/Project/ Dissertation Viva-Voce examination of Pratik Kumar 20SCSE1010632

& SuyashKumar 20SCSE1010686 has been held on and his/her work is

recommended for the award of B.Tech.

Signature of Examiner(s) Signature of Supervisor(s)

Date: 24th April, 2024

Place: Greater Noida

 Abstract

The use of technology has become important at this point in helping to meet human needs. Due to the increasing
use of technology, new challenges are brought in the process of democracy as most people today don’t trust their
governments, making elections is very important in modern democracy . Elections have a great importance in
determining who will rule a nation or an organization or it can be said as it is an event that decides the fate of
anynation. In modern democracy, elections are very important but large sections of society around the world do
not trust their election system which is a major concern for democracy. The blockchain is said as emerging,
decentralized, and distributed technology that promises to enhance different aspects of many industries.
Expanding e-voting into blockchain technology could be the solution to eliminate the present concerns in e-
voting system. The blockchain, which is the backbone of the famous cryptocurrencyBitcoin has triggered the
start of a new era in the Internet and the online services. While most people focus only on bitcoin and other
cryptocurrenciesthere are in fact, many operations, both administrative and fintech that can only be done
online/offline can now safely be moved to the Internet as online services because of immutability of blockchain.
What makesblockchain a powerful tool is its smarts contracts and many features which overcomes traditional
systems. E-voting, is another trending, yet critical, topic related to the online services. The blockchain with the
smart contracts, emerges as a good candidate to use in developments of safer, cheaper, more secure, more
transparent, and easier-to-use e-voting systems.Due to its consistency, widespread use, and provision of smart
contracts logic, Ethereum and its network is one of the most suitable ones. An e-voting system must be secure, as
it should not allow duplicated votes and be fully transparent, while protecting the privacy of the attendees. In this
project, we have implemented and tested an e-voting application as a smart contract for the Ethereum network
using the Ethereum and the Solidity language.
 Table of Contents

Title PageNo.
CandidatesDeclaration I
Acknowledgement II
Abstract III
Contents IV
List of Table V
List of Figures VI
Acronyms VII
Chapter1 Introduction 6
1.1 Introduction 7
1.2 Formulation of Problem 8
1.2.1 Tool and Technology Used
Chapter2 LiteratureSurvey/ProjectDesign 9

Chapter3 Functionality/Working of Project 10

Chapter4 Results and Discussion 14

Chapter5 Conclusion and FutureScope 15

5.1 Conclusion
5.2 FutureScope
Reference 16
 CHAPTER-1

Introduction

1.1 Introduction

In modern democracies, the integrity and transparency of the electoral process are fundamental to
ensuring the legitimacy of elected representatives and the trust of citizens in their government.
However, traditional voting systems often face challenges such as security vulnerabilities, lack of
transparency, and potential manipulation. These shortcomings have fueled the search for innovative
solutions to revolutionize the way elections are conducted.Blockchain technology has emerged as a
promising solution to many of the inherent flaws in traditional voting systems. At its core, blockchain is
a decentralized, distributed ledger that records transactions in a secure, transparent, and tamper-resistant
manner. By leveraging cryptographic techniques and consensus mechanisms, blockchain offers a novel
approach to conducting elections that addresses many of the shortcomings of existing voting systems.
In a blockchain-based voting system, each vote is recorded as a transaction on the blockchain, where it
is cryptographically secured and immutable. This decentralized approach eliminates the need for
centralized authorities to oversee the voting process, reducing the risk of fraud, manipulation, and
censorship. Additionally, the transparent nature of the blockchain enables all participants to audit the
election results, ensuring the integrity and fairness of the electoral outcome.

Blockchain-based voting systems offer several key advantages over traditional voting methods:

 Security: Blockchain's cryptographic security features protect votes from tampering or manipulation,
ensuring the integrity of the electoral process.
 Transparency: The transparent nature of blockchain enables all participants to verify the accuracy and
legitimacy of the election results, fostering trust and confidence in the electoral process.
 Accessibility: Blockchain-based voting systems can be accessed from anywhere with an internet
connection, making it easier for voters to participate in the electoral process, particularly for those who
may face barriers to physical voting.
 Privacy: While maintaining transparency, blockchain-based voting systems also preserve the privacy of
individual voters by encrypting their votes, ensuring anonymity while still allowing for verifiability.
 Verifiability: Blockchain's immutable ledger allows voters to independently verify that their votes have
been accurately recorded and counted, increasing confidence in the fairness and accuracy of the election
results.
 1.2 Formulationof Problem

The implementation of a blockchain-based voting system presents several challenges and

considerations that must be carefully addressed to ensure the integrity, security, and effectiveness of the
electoral process. Below are key aspects that need to be formulated and tackled:

1.2.1 Security Vulnerabilities:

• Voting Integrity: Ensuring that each vote cast is authentic and has not been tampered with is critical.
Without robust security measures, the system may be vulnerable to various forms of manipulation,
including vote tampering or duplication.

• Identity Verification: Verifying the identity of voters while maintaining anonymity is a challenge. The
system must prevent unauthorized access and ensure that only eligible voters can participate in the
election.

• Protection Against Cyber Attacks: Blockchain-based voting systems may be susceptible to cyber attacks
such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, malware injection, or hacking attempts.
Safeguarding the system against these threats is essential to maintain the integrity of the electoral
process.

1.2.2 Transparency and Trust:

• Auditability: Providing a transparent and auditable trail of all transactions is crucial for verifying the
integrity of the voting process. Stakeholders must be able to independently verify the results and ensure
that no fraudulent activities have occurred.

• Voter Confidence: Building trust among voters in the integrity and fairness of the election is paramount.
The system must be transparent enough to instill confidence in the electoral outcome and address
concerns about potential manipulation or fraud.

1.2.3 Accessibility and Inclusivity:

• User Interface Design: Designing user-friendly interfaces that cater to diverse demographics, including
users with varying levels of technical proficiency or physical disabilities, is essential to ensure
accessibility and inclusivity.

• Internet Connectivity: Ensuring that voters have reliable access to the internet is critical for participation
in blockchain-based voting systems. Lack of internet connectivity may disenfranchise certain segments
of the population and undermine the inclusivity of the electoral process.

1.2.4 Privacy and Anonymity:

• Voter Privacy: Preserving the privacy of individual voters while ensuring the verifiability of the election
results is challenging. The system must encrypt votes to prevent unauthorized access while still allowing
for transparent verification of the voting process.
• Ballot Secrecy: Guaranteeing the secrecy of individual ballots is crucial for preventing coercion or vote-
buying attempts. Implementing cryptographic techniques to ensure the anonymity of votes while
maintaining verifiability is essential for protecting ballot secrecy.
 Tool and TechnologyUsed:

Blockchain Platforms:

 Ethereum: Ethereum is a popular blockchain platform known for its smart contract functionality,
which allows developers to deploy self-executing contracts that encode the rules and logic of the
voting process.

 Hyperledger Fabric: Hyperledger Fabric is a permissioned blockchain framework that provides

modular architecture, enabling organizations to tailor the consensus mechanism and privacy
features to their specific requirements.

 Custom Solutions: In some cases, organizations may opt to develop custom blockchain solutions
tailored to their unique needs and specifications.

Cryptography:

Cryptographic techniques such as hashing, digital signatures, and encryption play a crucial role in securing the
integrity and privacy of votes in blockchain-based voting systems. Hash functions are used to generate unique
fingerprints of data, while digital signatures ensure the authenticity and integrity of transactions. Encryption
techniques are employed to protect voter privacy and confidentiality.

User Interfaces (UI):

Intuitive and user-friendly interfaces are essential for enabling voters to participate in the electoral process
seamlessly. Web applications, mobile apps, and other UI/UX design tools are used to create accessible interfaces
that cater to users with varying levels of technical proficiency.

Decentralized Identity (DID):

Decentralized identity solutions enable users to control their digital identities and authenticate themselves
securely without relying on centralized authorities. DID frameworks such as the Decentralized Identity
Foundation (DIF) or the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Verifiable Credentials standard can enhance the
security and privacy of voter authentication in blockchain-based voting systems.
 CHAPTER-2

Literature Survey/Project Design

When designing a blockchain-based voting system, there are a number of factors that need to
be considered,including:

 Security: The system must be designed to be secure and to prevent voter fraud. This can be
achieved by using encryption,blockchain technology,and other security measures.
 Reliability: The system must be reliable and able to accurately identify voters and count
ballots. This can be achieved by using high-quality fingerprint sensors and fingerprint matching
algorithms.
 Accessibility: The system must be accessible to all voters, including voters with disabilities. This
can be achieved by using large-screen displays and other accessibility features.
 Cost-effectiveness: The system should be cost-effective to implement and operate. This can be
achieved by using open-source software and by designing the system to be scalable.

Here is a high-level project design for a Blockchain-based voting system:

1. System requirements: Identify the specific requirements for the system, such as the number of
voters that need to be supported, the level of security required, and the budget.
2. System architecture: Design the system architecture, including the hardware and software
components that will be used.
3. System development: Develop the systems of and hardware components.This may involve
integrating existing components or developing new components.
4. System testing: Test the system thoroughly to ensure that it is secure, reliable, and accessible.
5. System deployment: Deploy the system to the polling stations.
6. System maintenance: Provide on going support and maintenance for the system.
 CHAPTER-3

Functionality/Working of Project

The functionality and working of a blockchain-based voting system can be summarized as

follows:
1. Voter registration: Voters register to vote by providing their personal information and fingerprint
image.The voter's fingerprint image is stored in a secure database.
2. Voter authentication: On election day, voters authenticate themselves by placing their finger on a
fingerprint sensor. The fingerprint sensor captures an image of the voter's fingerprint andcompares it to
the fingerprints stored in the database. If the fingerprint matches, the voter is authenticated.
3. Voting: Once authenticated, the voter can cast their ballot using a voting machine. The voting
machine maybe a touchscreen device,a keypad, or a paper ballot printer.
4. Vote counting: At the end of the election, the voting machines are connected to a central server and the
votes are counted. The voting results are then published.
Here is a more detailed description of each step:
Voter registration:
When a voter registers to vote, they are typically asked to provide the following information:
 Name
 Date of birth
 Address
 Signature
 Fingerprint image
The voter's fingerprint image is scanned using a fingerprint sensor and stored in a secure
database.The fingerprint image is used to authenticate the voter on election day.
Voter authentication:
On election day, the voter arrives at the polling station and identifies themselves to a poll worker.The poll
worker may ask the voter to provide their name, address, and signature. The voter may also be asked to
show their voterIDcard.
Once the voter has been identified, they are directed to a fingerprint sensor. The voter places their finger
on the fingerprint sensor and the sensor captures an image of the voter's fingerprint.The fingerprint
image is then compared to the fingerprints stored in the database. If the fingerprint matches, the voter is
authenticated.
 If the voter's fingerprint does not match, the voter may be asked to try again. If the voter is still unable
to authenticate, they may be asked to provide additional identification or to cast a provisional ballot.
Voting:
Once the voter has been authenticated, they can cast their ballot using a voting machine. The voting
machine maybe a touchscreen device, a keypad, or a paper ballot printer.
The voting machine may display a list of candidates or ballot measures. The voter selects their choices
using the touchscreen, keypad, or ballot printer. Once the voter has made their selections, they cast their
ballot.
Vote counting:
At the end of the election, the voting machines are connected to a central server and the votes are
counted. The voting results are then published.
Security measures
Fingerprint-based voting systems typically incorporate a number of security measures to protect the
integrity of the voting process. These measures may include:
 Encryption: The voter database and the voting results are encrypted to protect them from
unauthorized access.
 Blockchain technology: Blockchain technology can be used to create a tamper-proof record of the
voting process.
Working of Project

Admin Panel
Login Page
 CHAPTER-4

Results and Discussion

The implementation of a blockchain-based voting system yielded several significant findings. Firstly, the system
demonstrated robustness in maintaining the integrity of votes cast. Through cryptographic techniques and the
immutable nature of blockchain technology, votes were securely recorded and remained tamper-proof
throughout the voting process. This ensured that the outcome accurately reflected the intentions of the voters.
Moreover, the transparency afforded by the blockchain was evident. Every vote cast was traceable on the
blockchain, allowing voters to independently verify that their votes were accurately recorded and counted. This
transparency enhanced trust in the electoral process and provided a level of accountability not typically found in
traditional voting systems. Security measures implemented within the blockchain system proved effective in
safeguarding against unauthorized access and tampering attempts. The decentralized nature of blockchain
technology, coupled with strong encryption protocols, mitigated the risk of hacking or manipulation, thus
ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of the voting process. Furthermore, the system exhibited accessibility
to a wide range of demographics. The user-friendly voting interface enabled easy participation for both tech-
savvy individuals and those less familiar with digital technologies. Additionally, provisions were made to
accommodate elderly, disabled, and remote voters, ensuring inclusivity and equal access to the voting process.
Scalability was another notable outcome of the blockchain-based voting system. The system demonstrated the
ability to handle a large volume of transactions during peak voting periods without compromising performance
or security. This scalability is crucial for accommodating future growth in voter turnout and ensuring the
efficiency of the electoral process.

The of implementing a blockchain-based voting system unveil both promising opportunities and inherent
challenges within the realm of electoral technology. At the forefront of these findings is the remarkable
assurance of vote integrity and security facilitated by blockchain technology. Through its decentralized
architecture and cryptographic mechanisms, the system ensures that each vote remains immutable and tamper-
proof, thus safeguarding the sanctity of the electoral process. Blockchain technology shines in its provision of
transparency and accountability. By virtue of its immutable ledger, the blockchain enables stakeholders to
independently verify the accuracy of vote tallies, thereby fostering trust in the electoral process. However, the
broader issue of governance and oversight within the voting system warrants attention. Clear protocols and
mechanisms must be established to address disputes, ensure fairness, and uphold democratic principles.
Accessibility emerges as another notable outcome of blockchain-based voting systems. By leveraging user-
friendly interfaces and digital platforms, the technology extends the reach of electoral participation to a wider
demographic, transcending geographical barriers and physical limitations. Nevertheless, efforts must be made to
bridge the digital divide and ensure equitable access for all citizens, regardless of their technological proficiency
or socio-economic status. Clarity is needed regarding issues of data privacy, voter anonymity, and regulatory
compliance to ensure the legitimacy and legality of blockchain-based voting systems.
 CHAPTER-5

Conclusion and Futurescope

The implementation of blockchain-based voting systems represents a significant leap forward in modernizing
electoral processes. These systems offer a robust solution to longstanding challenges such as vote tampering,
lack of transparency, and accessibility barriers. By leveraging cryptographic principles and decentralized
networks, blockchain technology ensures the security and integrity of every vote cast, thereby bolstering trust in
the electoral system. the transparency inherent in blockchain-based voting systems fosters accountability and
empowers citizens to verify the accuracy of election results independently. This newfound transparency has the
potential to enhance public confidence in the democratic process and strengthen the legitimacy of elected
representatives. blockchain-based voting systems mark a big step forward in modernizing how we vote. They're
super secure, making it almost impossible for anyone to tamper with votes. Plus, they're transparent, so anyone
can check that the votes were counted correctly. While they're awesome, we still need to work on some things
like rules and making sure everyone can use them. the future of blockchain-based voting systems is filled with
potential. Continued research and development efforts will focus on refining the scalability, usability, and
security of these systems. Interdisciplinary collaboration between technologists, policymakers, and electoral
authorities will be crucial in overcoming regulatory hurdles and establishing clear legal frameworks for the
implementation of blockchain-based voting. the future of blockchain-based voting systems is bright. With
continued research and development, these systems can become more scalable, user-friendly, and widely
adopted. Efforts to enhance regulatory frameworks, educate the public, and address technical challenges will be
crucial in harnessing the full benefits of blockchain technology for democratic governance. As we overcome
these hurdles, blockchain-based voting systems have the potential to foster a more inclusive, transparent, and
resilient.
 Reference

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International Conference on Telecommunication Systems Services and Applications (TSSA), Lombok,
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Federation of Students Elections 2009,” Internet:
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3. S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system”, [Online]. Available:

https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf .

4. N. Braun, S. F. Chancellery, and B. West. "E-Voting: Switzerland's projects and their legal framework–
In a European context", Electronic Voting in Europe: Technology, Law, Politics and Society.
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5. P. McCorry, S.F. Shahandashti, and F. Hao, "A smart contract for boardroom voting with maximum
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