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DBMS 2 Marks QA

The document provides a series of 2-mark questions and answers related to Database Management Systems. Key topics include functional dependency, superkeys, anomalies in relations, schedules, locking mechanisms, normalization, BCNF, cascading rollback, and serializability. Each question is answered concisely, offering essential definitions and examples where applicable.

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3 views2 pages

DBMS 2 Marks QA

The document provides a series of 2-mark questions and answers related to Database Management Systems. Key topics include functional dependency, superkeys, anomalies in relations, schedules, locking mechanisms, normalization, BCNF, cascading rollback, and serializability. Each question is answered concisely, offering essential definitions and examples where applicable.

Uploaded by

rsaksha2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Database Management System - 2 Mark Questions and Answers

1. Explain functional dependency. Give an example.

A functional dependency (FD) occurs when one attribute uniquely determines another attribute.

Example: If A -> B, then for each value of A, there is exactly one value of B.

2. Infer the maximum number of superkeys for the relation R(A, B, C, D) with A as key

attribute? Write all possible superkeys.

Since A is the key, any combination containing A and any subset of {B, C, D} is a superkey.

Superkeys: A, A+B, A+C, A+D, A+BC, A+BD, A+CD, A+BCD (Total = 8)

3. What are the anomalies present when a bad relation is not decomposed into set of

relations?

- Insertion Anomaly: Difficulty adding data due to missing other data.

- Deletion Anomaly: Unintended loss of data.

- Update Anomaly: Inconsistencies due to redundant data.

4. Illustrate serial, non-serial schedule and which one is consistent?

- Serial schedule: Transactions execute one after another without overlap.

- Non-serial schedule: Transactions interleave operations.

Consistency: A serial schedule is always consistent if transactions are consistent.

5. What is shared lock(s) and exclusive lock(s)?

- Shared Lock (S): Allows multiple transactions to read a data item.

- Exclusive Lock (X): Allows only one transaction to read and write the data item.

6. What is normalisation?

Normalization is the process of organizing data to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity by

dividing a database into well-structured tables.

7. Write the two properties to be satisfied during normalisation.


- Lossless Join

- Dependency Preservation

8. Why BCNF is preferred over 3NF?

BCNF eliminates all redundancy caused by functional dependencies, including those not handled by

3NF, ensuring a stricter form of normalization.

9. What is cascading rollback schedule? Write an example.

It occurs when the failure of one transaction leads to rollback of other dependent transactions.

Example: T1 writes a value, T2 reads it. If T1 fails, T2 must also roll back.

10. Define Serializability.

Serializability ensures that a concurrent schedule of transactions results in a database state that

could be achieved if transactions were executed serially.

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