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Unit-1 - Class 10

The document provides an overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including its definition, types of data used in AI domains, and ethical principles such as non-maleficence and beneficence. It outlines the six stages of the AI Project Cycle and emphasizes the importance of ethical frameworks in AI development, particularly in sectors like healthcare through bioethics. Additionally, it discusses value-based frameworks that guide ethical decision-making by focusing on fundamental principles and values.

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Sneha Pingolia
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53 views3 pages

Unit-1 - Class 10

The document provides an overview of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including its definition, types of data used in AI domains, and ethical principles such as non-maleficence and beneficence. It outlines the six stages of the AI Project Cycle and emphasizes the importance of ethical frameworks in AI development, particularly in sectors like healthcare through bioethics. Additionally, it discusses value-based frameworks that guide ethical decision-making by focusing on fundamental principles and values.

Uploaded by

Sneha Pingolia
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUBJECT: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

CLASS: X
PART B: SUBJECT SPECIFIC SKILLS
____________________________________________________________________________
UNIT-1: Revisiting AI Project Cycle & Ethical Frameworks for AI

Answer the following questions:


1. What do you think Artificial Intelligence is?
Ans: When a machine possesses the ability to mimic human traits, i.e., make decisions,
predict the future, learn and improve on its own, it is said to have artificial intelligence. In
other words, you can say that a machine is artificially intelligent when it can accomplish
tasks by itself - collect data, understand it, analyse it, learn from it, and improve it.

2. Which type of data is used in the three domains of AI?


Ans: The following type of data is used in the three domains of AI:
a) Computer Vision, is an AI domain works with videos and images enabling machines
to interpret and understand visual information. For example- Surveillance Systems
b) Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an AI domain focused on textual data enabling
machines to comprehend, generate, and manipulate human language. For example-
Email filters
c) Statistical Data refers to statistical techniques to analyse, interpret and draw insights
from numerical/tabular data. For example- Price Comparison Websites

3. Define the following:


a) Non-maleficence: It refers to the ethical principle of avoiding causing harm or
negative consequences. It emphasizes the obligation to minimize harm as much as
possible and prioritize actions that prevent harm to individuals, communities, or the
environment.
b) Beneficence: It refers to the ethical principle of promoting and maximizing the well-
being and welfare of individuals and society. It emphasizes taking actions that
produce positive outcomes and contribute to the overall good, ensuring that the
greatest benefit is achieved for all stakeholders involved.

4. Outline the main steps in the AI Project Cycle briefly.


Ans: There are six stages of an AI Project Cycle:
a) Problem Scoping – This is the first stage of an AI project cycle. Problem scoping
means selecting a problem and finding a solution for it using AI technology.
b) Data Acquisition – This stage is about acquiring data for the project. Data can be a
piece of information or facts and statistics collected together for reference or
analysis. Whenever we want an AI project to be able to predict an output, we need
to train it first using data.
c) Data Exploration – It refers to the techniques and tools used to visualize data
through complex statistical methods. It is the process of analyzing a large data set.
d) Modeling – It is the design phase of the project cycle. In this, we select the best way
to reach the solution. AI Modelling refers to developing algorithms, also called
models which can be trained to get intelligent outputs.
e) Evaluation - Evaluation is the process of understanding the reliability of any AI
model, based on outputs by feeding test dataset into the model and comparing with
actual answers. There can be different Evaluation techniques, depending of the type
and purpose of the model.
f) Deployment - Deployment as the final stage in the AI project cycle where the AI
model or solution is implemented in a real-world scenario.

5. What is the necessity for Ethical Frameworks in AI development?


Ans: Ethical frameworks ensure that AI makes morally acceptable choices. If we use ethical
frameworks while building our AI solutions, we can avoid unintended outcomes, even
before they take place!

6. Mention the key characteristics of sector-based frameworks.


Ans: The key characteristics of sector-based frameworks are:
1. These are frameworks tailored to specific sectors or industries.
2. In the context of AI, one common sector-based framework is Bioethics, which focuses
on ethical considerations in healthcare.
3. It addresses issues such as patient privacy, data security, and the ethical use of AI in
medical decision-making.
4. Sector-based ethical frameworks may also apply to domains such as finance, education,
transportation, agriculture, governance, and law enforcement.

7. What do you mean by Bioethics? What are the principles of Bioethics?


Ans: Bioethics is an ethical framework used in healthcare and life sciences. It deals with
ethical issues related to health, medicine, and biological sciences, ensuring that AI
applications in healthcare adhere to ethical standards and considerations.
Principles of bioethics:
• Respect for Autonomy.
• Do not harm.
• Ensure maximum benefit for all.
• Give justice.
8. How do value-based frameworks contribute to ethical decision-making by
emphasizing fundamental principles and values?
Ans: Value-based frameworks focus on fundamental ethical principles and values guiding
decision- making. It reflects the different moral philosophies that inform ethical reasoning.
Value-based frameworks are concerned with assessing the moral worth of actions and
guiding ethical behaviour.
They can be further classified into three categories:
a) Rights-based: Prioritizes the protection of human rights and dignity, valuing human life
over other considerations. It emphasizes the importance of respecting individual
autonomy, dignity, and freedoms.
b) Utility-based: Evaluates actions based on the principle of maximizing utility or overall
good, aiming to achieve outcomes that offer the greatest benefit and minimize harm. It
seeks to maximize overall utility or benefit for the greatest number of people.
c) Virtue-based: This framework focuses on the character and intentions of the individuals
involved in decision-making. It asks whether the actions of individuals or organizations
align with virtuous principles such as honesty, compassion, and integrity.

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