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The lab report details an experiment conducted to determine the concentration of iron in an unknown sample using colorimetry with 1,10-phenanthroline. A calibration curve was created, showing a linear relationship between absorbance and iron concentration, leading to the determination of approximately 3.5 ppm of iron in the unknown sample. The experiment highlighted the effectiveness of the Beer-Lambert Law in quantitative analysis, although it noted potential inaccuracies due to the limitations of the colorimeter used.

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30 views6 pages

Fe

The lab report details an experiment conducted to determine the concentration of iron in an unknown sample using colorimetry with 1,10-phenanthroline. A calibration curve was created, showing a linear relationship between absorbance and iron concentration, leading to the determination of approximately 3.5 ppm of iron in the unknown sample. The experiment highlighted the effectiveness of the Beer-Lambert Law in quantitative analysis, although it noted potential inaccuracies due to the limitations of the colorimeter used.

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kumlachew.firiew-ug
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Addis Ababa University Collage Of Natural And Computational Science Department Of

Applid Chemistry practical Instrumental Analysis Two Lab Report.

Name፦ ID NO:

Alemu Abebe --------------------- UGR/7904/15

AcademicYear:---------------------------- 2024/25

Semister: ----------------------------------- Second

Course Code :------------------------------ Chem 3034

Course title:--------------------------------- Practical Instrumental Analysis Two

Experiment No ------------------------------------ 4

Submitted To: Dr.Solomon M.

Submission Date:[07/05/2025]
Experiment :4

Title: Colorimetric Determination of Iron with 1,10-Phenanthroline**

1. Theory:This experiment is based on the reaction of iron(II) ions with 1,10-phenanthroline to


form a stable, orange-red colored complex that absorbs strongly at approximately 520 nm. The
reaction is highly sensitive and is used for the quantitative determination of iron in various
samples.

The iron must be in the +2 oxidation state for the complex to form. Hydroxylamine
hydrochloride acts as a reducing agent to ensure that all iron is reduced to Fe²⁺. The saturated
sodium acetate solution is used as a buffer to maintain the pH at which the complex forms most
effectively (pH 3-9).

The intensity of the color of the complex is directly proportional to the concentration of iron(II)
in solution, which is described by Beer-Lambert Law:

A = εbc where: • A is the absorbance

• ε is the molar absorptivity

• b is the path length of the cuvette

• c is the concentration

By measuring the absorbance of a series of solutions of known iron concentration, a calibration


curve of either absorbance or transmittance versus concentration can be plotted. The
concentration of iron in an unknown sample can then be determined by measuring its absorbance
and comparing it to the calibration curve.

2. Objective:The objective of this experiment was to determine the concentration of iron in an


unknown sample using colorimetry. A calibration curve was created using a series of standard
iron solutions reacted with 1,10-phenanthroline, and the absorbance of the unknown sample was
measured and compared to the curve.

3. Materials and Chemicals:• 100 ppm Iron Standard Solution

• Saturated Sodium Acetate Solution

• 10% Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride Solution

• 0.1% 1,10-Phenanthroline Solution

• Distilled Water

• Four 100 mL Volumetric Flasks

• Colorimeter with 520 nm filter

• Cuvettes

• 100 mL Flask containing Unknown Iron Sample

• Pipettes

4. Procedure:1. Four 100 mL volumetric flasks were taken.

2. 1.0 mL, 2.0 mL, 3.0 mL, and 4.0 mL of the 100 ppm iron standard were placed into the flasks,
measured as accurately as possible.

3. 10 mL of saturated sodium acetate solution, 10 mL of 10% hydroxylamine hydrochloride


solution, and 10 mL of 0.1% 1,10-phenanthroline solution were added to each flask.

4. The solutions were waited for 5 minutes.

5. The solutions were shaked and made up to 100 mL with distilled water.

6. The solutions were let to develop the color for \[*Enter amount of time e.g., 15 minutes*].

7. The absorbance/transmittance of the solutions was measured at 520 nm using a colorimeter


with a 520 nm filter.
8. A calibration curve of absorbance (or transmittance) versus concentration of iron was plotted.

• Unknown Sample:1. The preparation of the iron phenanthroline complex of the unknown
was done similarly to those samples used for the calibration curve.

2. The absorbance of the unknown was measured at 520 nm.

3. The iron concentration in the unknown was determined using the calibration curve.

5. Observations:• • Upon addition of 1,10-phenanthroline, an orange-red color developed in


the solutions.

• The intensity of the orange-red color was observed to increase with increasing concentration
of iron standard.

• The absorbance values were read using the calorimeter

• The wavelength of the light of the calorimeter was 520 nm

6. Results:

• Calibration Curve Data::

Concentration of Fe (ppm) Absorbance at 520 nm

1.0 0.17

2.0 0.36

3.0 0.57

4.0 0.73

Unkown sample 0.64


Concentration of Fe (ppm vs Absorbance at 520 nm.

Unknown Sample: Absorbance of Unknown at 520 nm: 0.64

Concentration of Fe in Unknown from calibration curve: 3.5 ppm approximately determined


based on interpolation from the provided calibration data.

The equation of the linear calibration curve would improve the quality of the interpolation.

7. Discussion:The experiment successfully determined the concentration of iron in an unknown


sample using colorimetry and the 1,10-phenanthroline method at 520 nm. The calibration curve
showed an approximately linear relationship between absorbance and concentration. The
absorbance values increase as the concentration of iron increases.

The concentration of iron in the unknown sample was determined to be 3.5 ppm.

any deviations from linearity in the calibration curve and potential reasons for these deviations.

due to Using a colorimeter can provide less accurate measurements than spectrophotometry
because the colorimeter uses filters that will have a greater bandpass - meaning wavelengths
close to 520nm will also be transmitted through the solution and contribute to reading. This can
decrease the resolution of the reading, making the calibration curve less accurate.

8. Conclusion :The concentration of iron in the unknown sample was successfully determined
using colorimetry and found to be approximately 3.5 ppm. The experiment demonstrated the
applicability of Beer-Lambert Law for quantitative analysis. Further studies or applications for
this method might include analyzing the iron content in water samples or food products. Using a
wider range of the spectrometer might increase the data.

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