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Determinant and Properties

The document outlines the definition and properties of determinants, including calculations for 2x2 and 3x3 matrices, and conditions under which determinants equal zero. It also discusses the implications of matrix operations on determinants, such as scalar multiplication and row interchange. Additionally, it provides important determinant identities and theorems related to differentiation and specific matrix types like skew-symmetric and orthogonal matrices.

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2 views2 pages

Determinant and Properties

The document outlines the definition and properties of determinants, including calculations for 2x2 and 3x3 matrices, and conditions under which determinants equal zero. It also discusses the implications of matrix operations on determinants, such as scalar multiplication and row interchange. Additionally, it provides important determinant identities and theorems related to differentiation and specific matrix types like skew-symmetric and orthogonal matrices.

Uploaded by

sidharthakedlayah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DETERMINANT AND ITS PROPERTIES

a b
1. = ad − bc
c d
2. Minor of an element aij = M ij

Cofactor of an element aij = ( −1)


i+ j
M ij
3. Definition of a 3  3 matrix
Sum of products of elements of a row or column with the corresponding cofactors of the elements of
same row or column
4. A = 0 then A is called SINGULAR MATRIX
5. A  0 then a is called NON-SINGULAR MATRIX
PROPERTIES
a b c
1. If every element of a row or column is zero, then determinant is zero, x y z =0
0 0 0
a b c
2. If two rows or columns are identical then determinant is zero, a b c =0
x y z

3. If one row or column is scalar multiples of another row or column then determinant is zero,
a b c
ka kb kc = 0
x y z
4. Interchanging any two rows or columns changes the sign of the determinant,
a b c p q r
p q r =− a b c
x y z x y z
5. A = AT
6. In a determinant if every element of a row or column is multiplied by a scalar k then the result
ka kb kc a b c
determinant is k time the determinant, p q r =k p q r
x y z x y z
a b c a 0 0
7. Det (diag (a, b, c) ) = abc, 0 q r = aqz , 0 b 0 = abc
0 0 z 0 0 c
8. kA = k n A where A is a square matrix of order n
AB = A B and An = ( A )
n
9.
10. Det (SKEW SYMMETRIC MATRIX OF ODD ORDER) = 0
a+ p b+q a b p q
11. = +
c d c d c d
a + kc b + kd a b
12. =
c d c d
13. Det (Orthogonal matrix) = 1
14. Factor theorem
If x = a results in determinant is zero ( x − a ) is a factor of determinant

If x = a results, all rows of a determinant are equal then ( x − a ) is a factor of determinant


2

15. Differentiation of a determinant


A( x) B ( x) A ( x ) B ( x ) A( x) B ( x)
f ( x) =  f ( x) = +
C ( x) D ( x) C ( x) D ( x) C  ( x ) D ( x )
16. Some important determinant
1 a a2
1 b b 2 = ( a − b )( b − c )( c − a )
1 c c2
1 a a3
1 b b3 = ( a − b )( b − c )( c − a )( a + b + c )
1 c c3

1 a2 a3
1 b2 b3 = ( a − b )( b − c )( c − a )( ab + bc + ca )
1 c2 c3

a b c
b c a = − ( a 3 + b3 + c 3 − 3abc )
c a b

a3 + b3 + c3 − 3abc = ( a + b + c ) ( a 2 + b2 + c 2 ) = ( a + b + c ) ( a + b + c 2 )( a + b 2 + c )

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