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Vibration Condition Monitoring Detailed

The document provides an overview of vibration-based condition monitoring, detailing concepts such as periodic and random motion, spectral amplitude scaling, and various analysis methods. It emphasizes the importance of condition-based maintenance, the steps involved in vibration monitoring, and the benefits of early fault detection. Additionally, it covers vibration measurement instruments, data acquisition techniques, common machinery faults, and applications in health monitoring to prevent equipment failures.

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14 views4 pages

Vibration Condition Monitoring Detailed

The document provides an overview of vibration-based condition monitoring, detailing concepts such as periodic and random motion, spectral amplitude scaling, and various analysis methods. It emphasizes the importance of condition-based maintenance, the steps involved in vibration monitoring, and the benefits of early fault detection. Additionally, it covers vibration measurement instruments, data acquisition techniques, common machinery faults, and applications in health monitoring to prevent equipment failures.

Uploaded by

om.s220452105
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vibration Based Condition Monitoring - Detailed Concepts

1. Basics of Vibration

1.1 Periodic and Random Motion: Periodic motion occurs in cycles and is repeatable. Random motion is

unpredictable and often caused by irregularities or environmental conditions.

1.2 Spectral Amplitude Scaling: RMS indicates vibration energy, Peak and Peak-to-Peak values reveal the

range of displacement, helping assess vibration intensity.

1.3 Time and Frequency Domain Analysis: Time-domain data captures how vibration changes over time,

ideal for transient events. Frequency domain analysis reveals repetitive faults by transforming time-based

data into frequencies.

1.4 Phase Analysis: Phase shifts between different signals are used to diagnose misalignment or imbalance

in machinery.

1.5 Orbit Analysis: Analyzes the rotor's path in 2D or 3D to diagnose rotor dynamic problems like unbalance

or looseness.

1.6 Sidebands in Frequency Spectra: Sidebands indicate modulation in vibration signals, often caused by

bearing or gear defects.

2. Introduction to Vibration-Based Condition Monitoring

2.1 Maintenance Principles: Condition-based maintenance allows repairs to be planned based on actual
machine condition, increasing efficiency.

2.2 Vibration-Based Fault Prognosis: Predicts future machine failures by analyzing data trends to estimate

remaining useful life (RUL).

2.3 Steps in Vibration Monitoring: Involves setting up sensors, collecting real-time data, and performing

analysis to detect faults early.

2.4 Benefits of Vibration Monitoring: Early fault detection minimizes unexpected breakdowns and reduces

downtime.

3. Vibration Measurement

3.1 Vibration Measuring Instruments:

- Displacement sensors for low-speed applications.

- Velocity sensors for medium-frequency applications.

- Accelerometers for high-frequency, high-amplitude measurements.

- Laser vibrometers offer accurate, non-contact measurements.

3.2 Sensor Selection Criteria: Proper sensor selection depends on the machine's operational conditions and

the frequency of interest.

- Mounting location and method are key to ensuring accurate data collection.

4. Data Acquisition & Signal Processing

4.1 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT): Converts time-based data into the frequency domain to make vibration
patterns easier to analyze.

4.2 Signal Conditioning: Involves filtering and amplifying signals to improve their quality for more accurate

analysis.

4.3 Windowing and Spectrum Scaling: Reduces spectral leakage by applying windows to time-domain data.

Scaling helps enhance low-energy frequencies for better detection.

5. Machinery Fault Diagnosis I

5.1 Natural Frequency and Resonance Tests: Ensures machines do not operate near their natural frequency

to avoid resonance, which can cause severe damage.

5.2 Common Faults:

- Unbalance: Causes high vibration at the rotating speed.

- Bent Shaft: Results in abnormal vibrations and phase shifts.

- Misalignment: Leads to vibrations at twice the rotational frequency.

- Mechanical Looseness: Loose parts create high vibrations and non-linear responses.

6. Machinery Fault Diagnosis II

6.1 Bearing Faults:

- Rolling element bearings often show characteristic vibration patterns at their fault frequencies.

- Journal bearings may experience oil film breakdown, leading to excessive vibrations.

6.2 Gearbox Faults: Gear wear or misalignment produces distinctive high-frequency vibrations, often
accompanied by sidebands around the mesh frequency.

7. Applications of Condition Monitoring

7.1 Case Studies: Vibration monitoring helps prevent failures in turbines, pumps, fans, and other rotating

equipment, reducing unexpected downtime.

7.2 Health Monitoring: Tracks machine health over time by analyzing vibration patterns to detect early signs

of wear or malfunction.

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