ITN 170

Fall 2024
Final Exam Study Guide

Linux History and OS Fundamentals (Module 1)

● Open Source software

● Creator of Linux

● UNIX

● Operating Systems

● Hardware vs Software

● Memory

● Storage

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 ● Hard Drives

● Kernel

● Server

○ Examples of different types of servers

● GNU

● Distributions

○ Examples of Linux distributions

● GUI

● Package Manager

● IP Address
 Linux Installation (Module 2, 5 & 6)

● Virtualization

○ Virtual Machine

○ Hypervisor

○ Host

○ Guest

○ KVM

○ Thick vs Thin provisioning

● Bare Metal

● ISO

● BIOS

● SCSI

● RAID

○ Fault Tolerance

○ Parity

○ Difference between RAID levels

● ZFS, BTFS

● Partitions

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 ● Logical Drives

● Logical Volume Manager

● Swap memory

● Terminal

● Shell

● BASH

● Using Devices

○ Device Files

○ Mounting Devices

■ Know the commands associated with this (fuser, mount, lsblk)

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 ○ /dev directory

○ fuser command

● Disk space commands

○ df ○ du

Linux Filesystem and Permissions (Modules 3 & 4)

● Directory structure
○ Subdirectories, Root Directory, Home directory

● Absolute vs Relative pathnames

● Commands, Options and Arguments

○ Examples of each

● Navigation Commands

○ ls
 ○ cd ○ pwd ○ ../ ○.

● Directory Commands

○ mkdir, rmdir, cp -r

● File commands
○ cp, mv, touch

● File display commands

● man command

● Permissions

○ User

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 ○ Group

○ Other

○ Read, Write, Execute

● chmod

○ Examples of each

○ Shorthand (e.g chmod 777, chmod 641)

● Links

○ Soft Links vs Hard Links

○ ln
 Text Operations & Bash Scripting (Module 7)

● Text operations

○ grep command

■ egrep

○ awk

○ cut

○ wc

○ uniq

○ Sort

● Pipe operator and chaining commands

● Bash Script Creation

○ Creating a script

○ Granting execute permissions

○ Running a script

● Variables

● Environment Variables

● Bash Scripting

○ Comments
○ Input (Read)
○ If statements
○ Else statements ○ &&
○ ||
○ Conditionals

■ -eq, -gt, -lt, !=, = ● Version Control and Git

○ Git commands
 ■

Git init

Git add

command

Git commit

Git status

○ Working Directory
​

○ Staging Area

○ Repository

Processes, Daemons and Logging (Modules 8, 9, and 10)

● Processes

○ Process ID

○ Parent Process ID

● Daemons

○ init

○ systemd initiliazation process

○ systemctl
 ​

● ps command

○ Options for ps

● Terminating processes ○ kill

○ pkill

○ killall

● top command

● Background processes

○ Why would you want to run a process in the background?

○ jobs command

○ Background job ID

○ fg command
 ​

● Cron

○ What is cron used for?

○ Cron syntax (scheduling a job)

○ crontab

■ Options for crontab

● Logging

○ Why are logs important?

○ /var/log directory

○ Rotating logs

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 ○ Rsyslog configuration

■ Priority ■ Facility

Linux Users (Module 2 and 10)

● User related commands ○ whoami

○ who
○ Finger ○ su

● User identifier (UID)

● Group identifier (GID)

● Administering users

○ useradd ○ usermod ○ passwd ○ userdel

● Administering groups ○ groupadd

○ groupdel

● Password Files

○ /etc/passwd

○ /etc/shadow

● File ownership

○ chown ○ chgrp

Compression and Package Managers (Module 11)

● Compression

○ What is it? Why is it important?

○ Examples of compress command on Linux

■ compress, gzip, bzip2, zip, tar

● wget command

● curl command

● Package Managers

○ What are they used for?

○ Software mirrors

○ Debian Package Manager

○ Redhat Package Manager

○ Interfaces

yum

apt
 ■

What is the difference between these two?

● yum commands

○ yum install

○ yum remove

○ yum info

Networking and Network Services (Modules 12 and 13)

● IP Address

○ IPv4 vs IPv6

○ Network ID

○ Host ID

● Subnet Mask

● ifconfig command

○ How to find IPv4, IPv6, and Subnet Mask

○ How to set an IP Address

○ Network Interfaces

■ lshw command
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● Traceroute command

● Ping command

● Telnet vs SSH

● Encryption Keys

● DHCP

● DNS

● Types of Network Services that can be installed on LInux

○ Web Servers, Database Servers, NFS Servers, FTP Servers

○ Know what these are, do not need to know the specific commands and steps
to

install them

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 ​

● Containers

○ What is Docker? ● Continuous Deployment

○ What is it? Why is it used?