1. What does SQL stand for?

• Structured Query Language

• Simple Query Language

• Structured Question Language

• Sequential Query Language

Correct Answer: Structured Query Language

2. Which SQL statement is used to retrieve data from a database?

• SELECT

• GET

• FETCH

• RETRIEVE
Correct Answer: SELECT

3. What is the primary key in a SQL table?

• A column that uniquely identifies each row

• A column that stores foreign keys

• A column that allows duplicate values

• A column used for sorting

Correct Answer: A column that uniquely identifies each row

4. Which command is used to add new rows to a table?

• INSERT INTO

• ADD

• UPDATE

• CREATE
Correct Answer: INSERT INTO

5. What is a foreign key?

• A column that uniquely identifies a row in its own table

• A column that refers to the primary key of another table

• A key used to index data

• A key used for encryption
Correct Answer: A column that refers to the primary key of another table

6. Which SQL command is used to delete data from a table?

• DELETE

• REMOVE

• DROP

• CLEAR
Correct Answer: DELETE

7. What is the function of the WHERE clause?

• Filters rows returned by a query

• Sorts the result set

• Joins two tables

• Groups rows
Correct Answer: Filters rows returned by a query

8. Which of the following is NOT a SQL data type?

• VARCHAR

• INTEGER

• BOOLEAN

• NUMERIC
Correct Answer: BOOLEAN

9. What command is used to change data in a table?

• UPDATE

• MODIFY

• CHANGE

• SET
Correct Answer: UPDATE

10. Which of these SQL commands deletes a table and its data?

• DROP TABLE
• DELETE TABLE

• REMOVE TABLE

• ERASE TABLE
Correct Answer: DROP TABLE

11. What is a stored procedure?

• A precompiled set of SQL statements

• A table that stores procedures

• A user-defined function

• A temporary table
Correct Answer: A precompiled set of SQL statements

12. Which SQL clause is used to sort results?

• ORDER BY

• GROUP BY

• SORT BY

• FILTER BY
Correct Answer: ORDER BY

13. Which join returns all rows when there is a match in one of the tables?

• INNER JOIN

• LEFT JOIN

• RIGHT JOIN

• FULL OUTER JOIN

Correct Answer: FULL OUTER JOIN

14. In ADO.NET, which class represents a connection to a SQL Server database?

• SqlConnection

• SqlCommand

• SqlDataReader

• SqlAdapter
Correct Answer: SqlConnection
15. What is the role of SqlCommand in ADO.NET?

• Executes SQL queries

• Reads data

• Manages database connections

• Stores query results

Correct Answer: Executes SQL queries

16. Which ADO.NET object is used to retrieve data in a read-only, forward-only manner?

• SqlDataReader

• SqlDataAdapter

• SqlCommand

• DataSet
Correct Answer: SqlDataReader

17. What does DataSet in ADO.NET represent?

• An in-memory cache of data

• A database connection

• A command to execute SQL

• A data reader
Correct Answer: An in-memory cache of data

18. How do you begin a transaction in ADO.NET?

• SqlTransaction.Begin()

• SqlConnection.BeginTransaction()

• SqlCommand.Begin()

• DataSet.Begin()
Correct Answer: SqlConnection.BeginTransaction()

19. Which method executes a SQL query that returns a single value?

• ExecuteScalar()

• ExecuteNonQuery()

• ExecuteReader()
• ExecuteXmlReader()
Correct Answer: ExecuteScalar()

20. Which method is used to execute INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE commands?

• ExecuteNonQuery()

• ExecuteReader()

• ExecuteScalar()

• ExecuteXmlReader()
Correct Answer: ExecuteNonQuery()

21. What does the SqlDataAdapter do?

• Fills a DataSet and updates the data source

• Executes SQL commands

• Opens a database connection

• Reads data forward-only

Correct Answer: Fills a DataSet and updates the data source

22. What is a parameterized query used for?

• To prevent SQL injection

• To improve performance only

• To join multiple tables

• To create tables dynamically

Correct Answer: To prevent SQL injection

23. Which namespace contains the core ADO.NET classes for SQL Server?

• System.Data.SqlClient

• System.Data

• System.Sql

• System.Data.Sql
Correct Answer: System.Data.SqlClient

24. How do you close a database connection in ADO.NET?

• connection.Close()
• connection.Dispose()

• connection.End()

• connection.Terminate()
Correct Answer: connection.Close()

25. What is the result of ExecuteNonQuery()?

• Number of rows affected

• First column of the first row

• DataReader object

• Boolean status
Correct Answer: Number of rows affected

26. What does the DataReader require to be open?

• Open connection

• Closed connection

• Transaction

• DataSet
Correct Answer: Open connection

27. Which ADO.NET class is used for disconnected data manipulation?

• DataSet

• SqlConnection

• SqlCommand

• SqlDataReader
Correct Answer: DataSet

28. What is a DataTable in ADO.NET?

• A representation of a table in memory

• A SQL table

• A class to connect to SQL Server

• An SQL command
Correct Answer: A representation of a table in memory
29. How do you begin a transaction using SqlConnection?

• SqlConnection.BeginTransaction()

• SqlCommand.BeginTransaction()

• SqlDataAdapter.BeginTransaction()

• SqlTransaction.Start()
Correct Answer: SqlConnection.BeginTransaction()

30. Which method rolls back a transaction?

• Rollback()

• Cancel()

• Undo()

• Abort()
Correct Answer: Rollback()

31. Which SQL statement is used to modify the structure of a table?

• ALTER TABLE

• MODIFY TABLE

• CHANGE TABLE

• UPDATE TABLE
Correct Answer: ALTER TABLE

32. What keyword is used to select only unique values?

• DISTINCT

• UNIQUE

• UNION

• EXCLUSIVE
Correct Answer: DISTINCT

33. Which of these is a transaction property in SQL Server?

• Atomicity

• Durability

• Consistency
• All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above

34. What type of join returns only matching rows from both tables?

• INNER JOIN

• LEFT JOIN

• RIGHT JOIN

• FULL JOIN
Correct Answer: INNER JOIN

35. What is the default isolation level in SQL Server?

• Read Committed

• Serializable

• Read Uncommitted

• Repeatable Read
Correct Answer: Read Committed

36. Which method of SqlDataAdapter is used to send changes from a DataSet to the database?

• Update()

• Fill()

• Execute()

• Submit()
Correct Answer: Update()

37. Which command is used to create a new database?

• CREATE DATABASE

• NEW DATABASE

• MAKE DATABASE

• BUILD DATABASE
Correct Answer: CREATE DATABASE

38. What does the SqlBulkCopy class do?

• Efficiently copies large amounts of data to SQL Server

• Copies database schema

• Copies stored procedures

• Backs up the database

Correct Answer: Efficiently copies large amounts of data to SQL Server

39. How can you prevent SQL Injection in ADO.NET?

• Using parameterized queries

• Using string concatenation

• Using dynamic SQL

• Using stored procedures only

Correct Answer: Using parameterized queries

40. Which SQL clause groups rows sharing a property?

• GROUP BY

• ORDER BY

• WHERE

• HAVING
Correct Answer: GROUP BY

41. What is the use of the HAVING clause?

• Filters groups

• Filters rows

• Sorts results

• Joins tables
Correct Answer: Filters groups

42. Which method of SqlDataReader advances to the next record?

• Read()

• Next()

• MoveNext()

• Advance()
Correct Answer: Read()
43. What is the maximum size of a VARCHAR(MAX) field in SQL Server?

• 2^31-1 bytes

• 8000 bytes

• 4000 bytes

• Unlimited
Correct Answer: 2^31-1 bytes

44. Which ADO.NET object manages a set of SQL commands and connections?

• SqlCommand

• SqlConnection

• SqlDataAdapter

• SqlTransaction
Correct Answer: SqlDataAdapter

45. Which method is used to begin reading XML data from a SQL Server in ADO.NET?

• ExecuteXmlReader()

• ExecuteReader()

• ExecuteScalar()

• ExecuteNonQuery()
Correct Answer: ExecuteXmlReader()

46. What does the term "disconnected architecture" in ADO.NET mean?

• Data can be accessed without an open connection

• Connection is always open

• Connection is shared between apps

• Data is fetched real-time only

Correct Answer: Data can be accessed without an open connection

47. Which isolation level allows dirty reads?

• Read Uncommitted

• Read Committed

• Repeatable Read
• Serializable
Correct Answer: Read Uncommitted

48. Which SQL Server tool is used for database management?

• SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)

• SQL Server Profiler

• Visual Studio

• Azure Data Studio

Correct Answer: SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS)

49. Which command is used to give permissions on a table?

• GRANT

• PERMIT

• ALLOW

• ACCESS
Correct Answer: GRANT

50. How do you create a new SQL Server login?

• CREATE LOGIN

• NEW LOGIN

• ADD LOGIN

• MAKE LOGIN
Correct Answer: CREATE LOGIN