TOPIC: ANIMAL COORDINATION AND CONTROL SECTION MARKS

Time: 2 ½ hours
Attempt all questions in this paper A
B
TOTAL
SECTION A (40 MARKS)
1. Onset of depolarization of an C. Inability of the axon to D. Slowing down of impulse
axon occurs when the axoplasm absorb the two ions transmission
temporarily become passively 10. Myelinated axons of a frog
A. more negative D. Active pumping sodium ion conduct impulses three times less
B. less negative out of the axon and fast as those of the same
C. more positive potassium ions into it. diameter in rat because the
D. less positive 6. Which one of the following is not A. Myelin sheath in axons of
2. Wearing a coarse shirt causes a a transmitter substance? frogs are thinner
tickling sensation but the A. Acetylcholine B. Rats are endothermic
sensation disappears. Which of B. Cholinesterase C. Neuron of a frog have more
the following is not explanation of C. Atropine synapses
this observation? D. Noradrenaline D. Frog lives in water which is
A. Supply of transmitter 7. The principle function of the cold
substances get exhausted autonomic nervous system is to 11. Increased permeability of the post
B. The discharge of impulses at A. Innervate the internal organs synaptic membrane to allow
afferent nerve ceases B. Control the contraction of chloride ion in, and potassium
C. The membrane surrounding skeletal muscles. ions out of the cell causes
the generator region C. Regulate and control the A. Depolarization of the cell
becomes less permeable to peripheral nervous system membrane
sodium ions D. Transmit impulses from the B. Polarization of the
D. Generator potential falls brain to the central nervous membrane
below threshold values system C. Excitation of the membrane
3. Which of the following occurs 8. Which of the following represent D. Hyper polarization of the
when the axon is depolarized? the correct order of events that membrane
A. Sodium enters the axon, occurs at the synapse during 12. After an action potential,
potassium leave impulse transmission? repolarization of the membrane
B. Both sodium and potassium A. Ca2+ ion influx, release of begins by
ions leave the axon transmitter substances, A. Entry of sodium into the cell
C. Potassium enter the axon depolarization B. Sodium ion diffusing out of
and sodium leave B. Depolarization, release of the cell
D. Both sodium and potassium transmitter substance, Ca2+ C. Entry of potassium ions into
ions enter the axon ion influx the cell
4. A person who walks unsteadily C. Release of transmitter D. Potassium ions diffusing out
may have a defect in the substances, Ca2+ ion influx, the cell
A. Cerebrum depolarization 13. Which one of the following is the
B. Cerebellum D. Release of transmitter correct statement about a neuron
C. Medulla oblongata substances, depolarization, membrane during resting
D. Hypothalamus Ca2+ ion influx potential?
5. Which one of the following 9. A likely effect of inhibiting the A. The inside of neuron
describes the sodium-potassium action of acetylcholinesterase at membrane is negatively
pump? a synapse is charged
A. Active pumping potassium A. Cessation of impulse B. The Na+, K+ and Cl- ions are
ion out of the axon and transmission evenly distributed on either
sodium ions into it. B. Speeding up of impulse side of the membrane
B. Equal concentration of the transmission C. The concentration of Na+
ions on either side of the C. Continuous impulse ions is greater inside the
axon when at rest transmission membrane

JIMO – Biology Dept. 2024 1

 D. The concentration of K+ is D. Semi-circular canal B. Preganglionic fibres are long
greater outside the 20. Arthropods have a lower visual and post ganglionic fibres are
membrane acuity compared to vertebrate short
14. Cones have better visual acuity because C. Nerve endings produce
than rods because cones A. The ommatidia are less acetylcholine
A. have little retinal sensitive to light than rods D. Ganglia are embedded in the
convergence and cones walls of the effector
B. are more sensitive to light B. Compound eyes contain 26. The figure below shows changes
C. connect with a single optic fewer rods and cones in electrical potentials in an axon
fibre C. The ommatidia are big and membrane when an impulse is
D. are more concentrated at only few are packed in an transmitted.
the fovea equal area
15. Which one of the following is true D. Ommatidia contain
of what occurs at the excitatory photochemical pigments
synapse when impulse arrives? which are less readily
A. chloride channels close bleached.
B. receptor site close 21. Which of the following does not
C. post synaptic membrane contribute to the short reaction
becomes impermeable to time in insects?
calcium ions A. Large size of ommatidia
D. Sodium ion channels open B. High flicker fusion At which stage of the electrical
16. In the mammalian eye, rods have frequencies potential marked, is the axon most
a poorer visual acuity than cones C. Rapid transmission of permeable to sodium?
because they are impulses 27. Impulse crosses a synapse by
A. fewer in number D. Large coverage of the head means of
B. smaller in size by compound eye A. Sodium ions
C. connected to more than one 22. Loud and low-pitched sound is B. Potassium ions
optic nerve caused by sound waves of C. Calcium ions
D. less sensitive to light A. Large amplitude and high D. Neurotransmitter chemicals
17. Staying in a dark room for a long frequency. 28. Which one of the following is
B. Low frequency and large caused by a high concentration of
tine increases the sensitivity of
amplitude. sodium ions outside the neuron?
the eye to light because
photochemical pigment is C. high frequency and small A. Production of successive
amplitude. action potentials
A. Not broken down
D. small amplitude and low B. Excitation of the neuron
B. Formed faster than they are frequency C. Inhibition of the release of the
broken down
23. Which of the following applies to transmitter substance
C. Destroyed the cones of the retina? They D. Polarization of the neuron
D. Not synthesized A. show visual acuity 29. Which one of the following does
18. Which one of the following is the B. perceive dim light not happen when an impulse
correct state of the structures in C. show much retinal coverage reaches a synapse?
the mammalian eye during D. contain rhodopsin pigment A. Facilitating passage of
accommodation for far objects? 24. Excellence in detection of subsequent impulses
Ciliary Suspensory Curvature movement at the lateral edges of B. Being blocked
muscle ligament of the lens the visual field is attributed to C. Being reversed
A Relaxed Taut Decreased A. rods and cones D. Inhibiting passage of
B Contracted Taut Increased B. rods only subsequent impulses
C Relaxer Relaxed Decreased C. cones only 30. Injection of thyroxine into
D. compound eyes laboratory mammal would cause
D Contracted Relaxed Increased
25. Which one of the following is A. Oxygen consumption to
19. Which of the vestibular apparatus correct about the sympathetic increase
responds to vertical movement of nervous system? B. Metabolic rate to decrease
the head? A. Nerve endings produce C. Conversion of glucose into
A. Vestibular canal noradrenaline glycogen
B. Saccule D. Thyroid gland to become
C. Utricle more active

JIMO – Biology Dept. 2024 2

31. A mother, who lacked milk in her 34. Which one of the following occurs C. Is not readily resynthesized
breasts at the birth of her baby when the axon membrane after breakdown
was diagonized to have a brain depolarizes? D. Is capable of color reception.
damage. Which of the following A. Sodium ions enter the axon 38. Mutual inhibition in the compound
parts of the brain is most likely to and potassium ion leave eye of insect is to
have been affected? B. Both sodium and potassium A. Increase color vision
A. Posterior lobe of the pituitary ions leave the axon B. Increase brightness of light in
gland C. Potassium ions enter the the eye
B. Pineal body axon and sodium ion leave C. Increase the contrast in light
C. Anterior lobe of pituitary D. Both sodium and potassium intensities between adjacent
gland ion enter the axon ommatidia
D. Cerebrum 35. Which one of the following would D. Reduce the intensities of
32. The myelin sheath and the be the best indicator that a cell is light into the eye
diameter of the axon of a neuron responding to a hormone? 39. Inability to see clearly
are important in that they A. High concentration of cyclic immediately one enters a dark
A. Enable impulses to be AMP room from bright light could be
transmitted from one node of B. Low concentration of AMP in due to
Ranvier to another cell A. Denatured rod
B. Increase the speed at which C. Low concentration of adenyl B. Denature cones
impulses are transmitted cyclase in the cell C. Rhodopsin being
C. Maintain a constant strength D. High amount of ATP in the resynthesized
of each impulse cell D. ATP molecules being
D. Allow quick exchange of ions 36. An individual with vocal cords resynthesized
33. Which one of the following is that have lost elasticity is likely to 40. Which one of the following
correct about the refractory period produce sound that is features make cones to have
in an axon of a nerve fibre? A. high pitched better visual acuity than rods?
A. Inhibitory postsynaptic B. loud A. Each cone is connected to a
potentials are generated C. low pitched single optic nerve fiber
B. Voltage activated sodium D. shaky B. Cones are more sensitive to
channel open 37. Which of the following describes light
C. The axon cannot transmit the pigment within the rod cells? C. Cones are connected to
impulses A. Breaks down easily on more than one optic nerve
D. The axon can illumination fiber
transmit impulses at higher B. Requires high light intensity D. Cones have high retinal
voltage to be activated convergence

SECTION B (60MARKS)
41. (a) In the space provided below, draw and label the parts of an axo-dendritic synapse. (5marks)

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(b) When an action potential arrives at the synapse, calcium ions enters the neuron through presynaptic membrane.
(i) Explain how the calcium ions enter the neuron. (02marks)

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(ii) Describe the events which occur as a result of the entry of the calcium ions to cause depolarization of the post synaptic
membrane. (03marks)

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42. The figure below shows the peripheral nervous system that links the central nervous system to the internal tissues like a
blood vessel. Study it carefully and use it to answer questions that follow.

Part 1
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

B
A C
X

Arteriole Part 2
B
A C
Y

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(a) Name the structures labelled: (1½marks)
A
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B
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(b) Giving two reasons in each case, identify the parts of the peripheral nervous system marked as: (4marks)

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Reasons:
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Reasons:
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(c) (i) Identify the neurotransmitter substances that are involved in impulse transmission at regions: (1½marks)

B………………………….……………………..X…………………………………………………Y………………………………………
(d) What is the effect of these two parts on the blood pressure? (3marks)

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43. Transmission of an impulse travels along the length of the neuron.

(a) Draw a graph to illustrate the changes in a localized area of neuron over time after an impulse has been initiated. Label
the x – and y axes appropriately. (4marks)

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(b) Explain how the neuron is changing at each phase of your graph. (4marks)

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(c) Explain how the impulse is propagated along the neuron. (2marks)

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44. (a) Giving relevant examples, state three classifications of hormones basing on the chemical composition. (3marks)

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(b) Explain the mechanism that hormone on the target cell via the following pathways.
(i) Cell membrane reception (3marks)

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(ii) Intracellular reception (4marks)

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45. (a) In the space provided below, draw and label the section of the cochlea that shows the three canals and two
membranes and the organ of corti. (4marks)

(b) Explain how the organ of corti works to transduce sound waves. (3marks)
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(c) How is the cochlea adapted to perform its function? (3marks)
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46. The figure below shows part of the retina. Use it to answer questions that follow.

A
B

C
D

(a) (i) State two structural differences between cell A and B. (2marks)

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(ii) What is the significance in the different ways through which cells A and B connect with cell C. (2marks)

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(b) Explain the role of cells C and F in vision. (2marks)

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(c) Briefly describe the formation of an impulse in the optic nerve fibres. (4marks)

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END

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