307 Structural Steel Work

307 STRUCTURAL STEEL WORK

307.01. Preliminary
Refer to the Preliminary and General Clauses of this Specification and to the General Conditions of Contract
which are equally binding on all trades. This section of the specification shall be read in conjunction with all
other sections.

307.02. Scope
The work of this section comprises the supply, fabrication, surface treatment, delivery and erection of all
structural steelwork and related items necessary to complete the work as indicated on the drawings and as
further specified herein.

It also comprises the supply of all weld plates, bolts and cleats for building into concrete block walls and in-situ
concrete and the supply of fabricated steel connection components for casting into precast panels.

307.03. Materials and Workmanship

Structural steel for all work shall conform to A8TM specification A36-61T.

All steel plate shall be to JIS G3101 SM400 or BS4360 grade 43A.

All hot rolled steel I sections or channels shall conform to JIS G 3192.

All black steel tubes shall comply with BS 1387:1975 or an equivalent.

All fabrication and erection work shall be in accordance with AISC “Specification for the Design, Fabrication
and Erection of Structural Steel for Building” adopted 30 Nov 1961.

Structural steel with reduced embodied carbon is to be used.

307.04. Bolts
Supply and fix all bolts necessary for the completion of the steelwork including those to be cast into concrete
or blockwork. All bolts shall be galvanised.

Bolts and nuts shall conform to ASTM Specifications A325 and A449.

Bolts shall be of the correct lengths and with a flat or tapered washer under the nut.

Bolting designations used on the drawings are as follows:

M20 - Metric, 20mm diameter, grade 8.8,

Snug Tight

Burned, damaged, corroded or otherwise unserviceable bolts shall not be used.

307.05. Steel Supply

The Contractor shall ascertain at the time of tendering whether the steel sizes detailed on the drawings will be
available on the job. The contractor shall supply with his tender the source of supply, and substitute sizes for
those detailed where shortage of supply exists.

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307.06. Stock Lengths

Where stock lengths are known the preferred positions of jointing stock lengths of steel are shown on the
drawings. Refer to the Engineer if any changes to these positions are necessary.

307.07. Shop Drawings

The Contractor shall prepare shop drawings of all steelwork.
The shop drawings shall include the following information:

• Material sizes and grades < < <

• Dimensions and tolerances
• All cleats and stiffeners
• Shop welding
• Preparation for site welding
• Bolting details.

Allow to co-ordinate with architectural drawings, structural drawings, mechanical drawings and mechanical
services shop drawings. The drawings shall be submitted to the Architect, Structural Engineer and Mechanical
Services Engineer for review prior to any fabrication commencing.

307.08. Fabrication
The contractor shall confirm, by site measurement, all dimensions that affect fabrication or set out of all
structures or individual members.

Verify also individual member dimensions of any subassembly to confirm compatibility with the overall
structural arrangement.

307.09. Connections
All connections shall be as shown on the drawings. In general these are to be welded.

Welding shall only be done by qualified operators and strictly in accordance with “Code for Arc and Gas
Welding in Building Construction" of the American Welding Society. Welders shall be certified in accordance
with the “Standard Qualification Procedure” of the AWS.

Welding exposed in the finished building and in particular butt welds of stock lengths shall be neatly finished.

All butt welds shall be full penetration. Preparations of any butt joints shall be discussed in advance with the
Engineer.

When RHS or tube members are butt welded an internal RHS or backing steel is needed to back up the Vee
butt weld.

307.10. Site Welding

Where site welding is required facilities shall be provided to obtain the same standard of workmanship as in
the shop. Welding in the air shall be reduced to a minimum by assembly and erection procedure. All welding
in the air shall be from properly positioned platforms and wherever possible shall be designed to avoid
overhead welding.

Parts to be welded shall be firmly held on jigs or clamps. Tacking bolts or cleats other than those detailed,
shall be provided as needed after discussion with the Engineer. If required, tacking cleats shall be removed
after.

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307.11. Electrodes
Welding electrodes for manual shielded metal arc welding shall conform to ASTM Specification A233-58T,
E60 series. Bare electrodes and granular flux used in the submerged - arc process shall conform to Section
1.17.3 of AISC Specifications for Structural Steel for Buildings.

307.12. Welding Inspection

The Engineer shall be given reasonable notice when each section of the work is prepared and ready for
welding, and shall be given every opportunity to arrange for inspection and to satisfy himself as to the
competence of the operators and as to the quality Qf the work. The Contractor shall allow for and pay the cost
of welding tests to be arranged by the Engineer as follows.

For fabricated steel components supplied for the precast beams, ultrasonic weld testing stall be carried out on
a 5% random sample of each type of component. The frequency of testing shall be reviewed when the test
results are received by the Engineer.

For steel work fabricated in the shop or at the site, the welds shall be inspected by the Engineer and should
consider that further ultrasonic testing should be done, the costs for this shall be borne by the contractor.

The Contractor shall provide all necessary facilities, ladders and light .scaffolding required for. adequate
inspection and testing.

307.13. Welding Defects

Welding defects disclosed by investigation shall be assessed by the Engineer and if he so instructs be cut out
and remade. Joints cut out shall be examined and passed by the Engineer before rewelding. Welds will not be
expected to attain an unreasonably high standard of perfection, but the weld metal, as deposited shall be free
from cracks, slag inclusion, gross porosity, cavities and other deposition faults. The weld metal shall be
properly fused with the parent metal without serious undercutting or overlapping at the toes of the weld. The
visible surfaces of all welds shall be clean, regular and of consistently uniform colour.

When welding defects are disclosed, testing of further welds may be ordered at the contractor's expense. If
stiffeners or other concealing details have been added, these may be required to be removed to permit this
additional testing.

307.14. Steelwork Finishes

307.14.01 General

The following sections describe generic steelwork finishes, any of which may be required on this project.

307.14.02 Hot Dip Galvanising Coating

Steel items required to be galvanised shall be treated as follows:

Rust and mill scale shall be removed by grit blasting or by chemical means to a clean steel surface.

The zinc coating shall consist of a uniform layer or commercial pure zinc, free from abrasions, cracks, blisters,
chemical spots or other imperfection and shall adhere firmly to the surface of the steel.

Galvanising shall be performed to provide a minimum of 600 grams per square metre (2 oz.sq.ft) of steel
surface).

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Quality of galvanising shall be in accordance with BS 729, Part 1 to a minimum zinc coating weight equivalent
to a coating thickness of 85 microns.

Any galvanising that is damaged by welding or by construction generally shall be touched up in accordance
with Clause 10.14.8.

Built-in Steelwork
Structural steelwork that is built in and protected from the weather in the finished building shall be treated as
follows:
• Degrease areas to be painted in accordance with SSPC-SP1 solvent cleaning
• Mechanically clean surfaces to SSPC -SP3 standard
• Apply one coat of 50 microns Intergard 251 zinc phosphate epoxy primer or equivalent.

307.14.03 Exposed Exterior Steelwork

All structural steelwork that is exposed to the weather in the finished building shall be treated as follows:
follows:
• Degrease areas to be painted in accordance with SSPC - SP1 solvent cleaning
• Abrasive blast surfaces to be painted to SSPC - SP10 standard (equivalent to 8501-Sa2.5)
• Apply one coat of 50 microns Interzinc 42 zinc rich epoxy primer or equivalent
• Apply one coat of 125 microns Intergard 475 HS high solids epoxy or equivalent
• Apply one coat of 50 microns Interthane 990 polyurethane finish or equivalent.
For steelwork located within or near a marine environment, the contractor is to nominate a suitable proven
coating system and procedure for review by the engineer prior to undertaking the works.

307.14.04 Exposed Interior Steelwork

All structural steelwork which is exposed to view, but protected from the weather shall be treated as follows:
follows:
• Degrease areas to be painted in accordance with SSPC-SP1 solvent cleaning
• Mechanically clean surface to SSPC - SP3 Standard
• Apply one coat of 50 microns Interprime 312 alkyd primet or equivalent
• Apply a second coat of 50 microns Interprime 312 alkyd primer or equivalent
• Apply one coat of 40 microns Interlac 665 alkyd enamel finish or equivalent.
The Engineer shall be given sufficient notice to inspect all steelwork finishes before they are covered with
timber or the like.

307.14.05 Concrete Encased Steelwork

Steelwork which is cast in and surrounded by concrete shall be left unpainted but shall be cleaned as follows:

Degrease with suitable solvent. Remove all weld splatter and flux. Power brush so that all loose mill scale and
rust is removed to SSPC - SP3.

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307.14.06 Shop Painting

All preparation and painting described in clauses STR.12.1,2,3,4,5 & 6 shall be carried out in shop conditions.
Steelwork finishes shall not be applied until shop fabrication is complete.

307.14.07 Field Painting

Any steelwork finish that is damaged by field welding, dry packing erection and the like shall be immediately
touched up with the affected product, applied in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.
• Degrease areas to be painted in accordance with SSPC-SP1 solvent cleaning
• Fresh water wash the areas to be painted to remove water soluble contaminants
• Mechanically clean surfaces to SSPC-SP2 or SP3 standard
• Apply one coat of 100 microns Interseal 670 surface tolerant epoxy or equivalent
• Apply the intermediate and finish coat according to the original specification.

307.14.08 Workmanship
All finishes shall be applied by experienced painters and in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations.

307.15. Handling, Delivery To Site and Storage

Steelwork shall be handled and stored by methods and appliances that will not overstress or deform the
steelwork or damage the paint coating.

307.16. Erection
307.16.01 General
Prior to starting work the contractor shall submit to the Engineer a description of the methods, sequence of
erection and type of equipment he proposes to use for erecting the structural steelwork. This submission or
approval shall not relieve the Contractor of his responsibility for providing the proper methods, equipment, or
workmanship, or safety precautions.

307.16.02 Lifting Equipment

Cranes and lifting equipment shall be of adequate capacity, but weights of cranes working on the concrete
floor shall be checked by the Contractor to avoid any damage.

307.16.03 Safety
The requirements of Statutory Authorities with regard to safety of equipment and working conditions shall be
complied with at all times.

During erection the structure shall be maintained in a stable condition at all times by use of temporary bracing
or guy ropes. Bracing and guy ropes shall be securely fixed.

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The use of a gas-cutting torch in the field for correcting fabrication errors will not be permitted without prior
approval the Engineer.

307.16.04 Steel Setting Shims

Where steel plates and other prefabricated corrections need to be set to correct levels, they shall be temporarily
supported on steel shims or wedges until the unsupported member has been plumbed and grouted.

The entire areas under each shim plate shall be grouted solid with Congrout EIA or other approved epoxy
grout.

307.17. Co-operation
Allow to co-operate with other contractors and subcontractors on site.

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