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á905ñ UNIFORMITY OF DOSAGE UNITS

Change to read:
This general chapter is harmonized with the corresponding texts of the European Pharmacopoeia and the Japanese
Pharmacopoeia. Portions of the general chapter text that are national USP text, and are not part of the harmonized text, are
marked with symbols (◆◆) to specify this fact.
[NOTE—In this chapter, unit and dosage unit are synonymous.◆]
To ensure the consistency of dosage units, each unit in a batch should have a drug substance content within a narrow range
around the label claim. Dosage units are defined as dosage forms containing a single dose or a part of a dose of drug substance
in each unit. The uniformity of dosage units specification is not intended to apply to ▲solutions,▲ (USP 1-Aug-2023) suspensions,
emulsions, or gels in unit-dose containers intended for ▲local action following▲ (USP 1-Aug-2023) external, cutaneous administration.
The term “uniformity of dosage unit” is defined as the degree of uniformity in the amount of the drug substance among
dosage units. Therefore, the requirements of this chapter apply to each drug substance being comprised in dosage units
containing one or more drug substances, unless otherwise specified elsewhere in this Pharmacopeia.
The uniformity of dosage units can be demonstrated by either of two methods, Content Uniformity or ◆Weight◆Variation (see
Table 1). The test for Content Uniformity of preparations presented in dosage units is based on the assay of the individual content
of drug substance(s) in a number of dosage units to determine whether the individual content is within the limits set. The
Content Uniformity method may be applied in all cases.
The test for ◆Weight◆Variation is applicable for the following dosage forms:

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(W1) Solutions enclosed in unit-dose containers and into soft capsules;

Solids (including powders, granules, and sterile solids) that are packaged in sin-
(W2)
gle-unit containers and contain no active or inactive added substances;

Solids (including sterile solids) that are packaged in single-unit containers, with
(W3)
ci or without active or inactive added substances, that have been prepared from
true solutions and freeze-dried in the final containers and are labeled to indicate
this method of preparation; and

Hard capsules, uncoated tablets, or film-coated tablets, containing 25 mg or

more of a drug substance comprising 25% or more, by weight, of the dosage
(W4) unit or, in the case of hard capsules, the capsule contents, except that uni-
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formity of other drug substances present in lesser proportions is demonstrated
by meeting the requirements for Content Uniformity.

The test for Content Uniformity is required for all dosage forms not meeting the above conditions for
the ◆Weight◆Variation test.1
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Table 1. Application of Content Uniformity (CU) and Weight Variation (WV) Tests for Dosage Forms
Dose & Ratio of
Drug Substance

Dosage Form Type Subtype ≥25 mg and ≥25% <25 mg or <25%

Uncoated — WV CU

Film WV CU

Tablets Coated Others CU CU

Hard — WV CU

Suspension, emulsion,
or gel CU CU

Capsules Soft Solutions WV WV

Single component — WV WV

Solution freeze-dried in final

container WV WV
Solids in
single-unit containers Multiple components Others CU CU

Solutions in unit-dose
containers ◆and into soft cap- — —
sules◆ WV WV

Others▲a▲ (USP 1-Aug-2023) — — CU CU

1 ◆European Pharmacopoeia and Japanese Pharmacopoeia text not accepted by the United States Pharmacopeia: Alternatively, products listed in item
(4) above that do not meet the 25 mg/25% threshold limit may be tested for uniformity of dosage units by Mass Variation instead of the Content
Uniformity test if the concentration relative standard deviation (RSD) of the drug substance in the final dosage units is not more than 2%, based on
process validation data and development data, and if there has been regulatory approval of such a change. The concentration RSD is the RSD of the
concentration per dosage unit (w/w or w/v), where concentration per dosage unit equals the assay result per dosage unit divided by the individual
dosage unit weight. See the RSD formula in Table 2.◆

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a Dosage forms not addressed by the other categories in this table including but not limited to suppositories, transdermal systems (patches), and semisolid
preparations applied cutanenously and intended for systemic distribution of the drug substance.

CONTENT UNIFORMITY

Select not fewer than 30 units, and proceed as follows for the dosage form designated.
Where different procedures are used for assay of the preparation and for the Content Uniformity test, it may be necessary to
establish a correction factor to be applied to the results of the latter.

Solid Dosage Forms

Assay 10 units individually using an appropriate analytical method. Calculate the acceptance value (see Table 2).

Liquid or Semi-Solid Dosage Forms

Assay 10 units individually using an appropriate analytical method. Carry out the assay on the amount of well-mixed material
that is removed from an individual container in conditions of normal use, and express the results as delivered dose. Calculate
the acceptance value (see Table 2).

Calculation of Acceptance Value

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Calculate the acceptance value by the formula:

M − X + ks

in which the terms are as defined in Table 2. ci Table 2

Variable Definition Conditions Value
Mean of individual contents (χ1, χ2, …,
χn), expressed as a percentage of the — —
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X label claim
Individual contents of the units tested,
expressed as a percentage of the label — —
χ1, χ2, …, χn claim

Sample size (number of units in a sam-

— —
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n ple)

If n = 10, then k = 2.4

k Acceptability constant If n = 30, then k = 2.0

1
n 2 2
Σ χ −X
i
— i=1
n−1

s Sample standard deviation

Relative standard deviation (the sam-

ple standard deviation expressed as a — 100s/X
RSD percentage of the mean)

If 98.5% ≤X ≤101.5%, then M = X (AV = ks)

M = 98.5%
If X <98.5%, then
(AV = 98.5 – X + ks)

M (case 1) to be applied when M = 101.5%

If X >101.5%, then
T ≤101.5 Reference value (AV = X – 101.5 + ks)

M=X
If 98.5 ≤X ≤T, then
(AV = ks)

M = 98.5%
If X <98.5%, then
(AV = 98.5 – X + ks)

M (case 2) to be applied when M = T%

If X >T, then
T >101.5 Reference value (AV = X – T + ks)

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Table 2 (continued)
Variable Definition Conditions Value
General formula:

— — M − X + ks

(Calculations are specified above for

Acceptance value (AV) the different cases.)
L1 Maximum allowed acceptance value — L1 = 15.0 unless otherwise specified

On the low side, no dosage unit result

can be less than [1–(0.01)(L2)]M,
while on the high side, no dosage unit
L2 = 25.0 unless otherwise specified
Maximum allowed range for deviation result can be greater than [1 + (0.01)
of each dosage unit tested from the (L2)]M. (This is based on an L2 value of
L2 calculated value of M 25.0.)

Target content per dosage unit at the

time of manufacture, expressed as a
percentage of the label claim. Unless
— —
otherwise stated, T is 100.0%, or T is
the manufacturer’s approved target
T content per dosage unit.

◆
WEIGHT◆ VARIATION

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Carry out an assay for the drug substance(s) on a representative sample of the batch using an appropriate analytical method.
This value is result A, expressed as percentage of label claim (see Calculation of Acceptance Value). Assume that the concentration
(weight of drug substance per weight of dosage unit) is uniform. Select not fewer than 30 dosage units, and proceed as follows
for the dosage form designated.
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Uncoated or Film-Coated Tablets
Accurately weigh 10 tablets individually. Calculate the content, expressed as percentage of label claim, of each tablet from
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the ◆weight◆ of the individual tablet and the result of the Assay. Calculate the acceptance value.

Hard Capsules
Accurately weigh 10 capsules individually, taking care to preserve the identity of each capsule. Remove the contents of each
capsule by a suitable means. Accurately weigh the emptied shells individually, and calculate for each capsule the net ◆weight◆
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of its contents by subtracting the ◆weight◆ of the shell from the respective gross ◆weight◆. Calculate the drug substance content
of each capsule from the ◆net weight◆ of the individual capsule ◆content◆ and the result of the Assay. Calculate the acceptance
value.

Soft Capsules
Accurately weigh 10 intact capsules individually to obtain their gross ◆weights◆, taking care to preserve the identity of each
capsule. Then cut open the capsules by means of a suitable clean, dry cutting instrument such as scissors or a sharp open blade,
and remove the contents by washing with a suitable solvent. Allow the occluded solvent to evaporate from the shells at room
temperature over a period of about 30 minutes, taking precautions to avoid uptake or loss of moisture. Weigh the individual
shells, and calculate the net contents. Calculate the drug substance content in each capsule from the ◆weight◆ of product
removed from the individual capsules and the result of the Assay. Calculate the acceptance value.

Solid Dosage Forms Other Than Tablets and Capsules

Proceed as directed for Hard Capsules, treating each unit as described therein. Calculate the acceptance value.

Liquid Dosage Forms

Accurately weigh the amount of liquid that is removed from each of 10 individual containers in conditions of normal use. If
necessary, compute the equivalent volume after determining the density. Calculate the drug substance content in each
container from the mass of product removed from the individual containers and the result of the Assay. Calculate the acceptance
value.

Calculation of Acceptance Value

Calculate the acceptance value as shown in Content Uniformity, except that the individual contents of the units are replaced
with the individual estimated contents defined below.

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χ1, χ2, …, χn = individual estimated contents of the units tested, where χi = wi × A/W
w1, w2, …, wn = individual ◆weights◆ of the units tested
A = content of drug substance (% of label claim) obtained using an appropriate analytical method
W = mean of individual ◆weights◆ (w1, w2, …, wn)

CRITERIA

Apply the following criteria, unless otherwise specified.

Solid, Semi-Solid, and Liquid Dosage Forms

The requirements for dosage uniformity are met if the acceptance value of the first 10 dosage units is less than or equal to
L1%. If the acceptance value is > L1%, test the next 20 units, and calculate the acceptance value. The requirements are met if
the final acceptance value of the 30 dosage units is ≤ L1%, and no individual content of ◆any◆ dosage unit is less than [1 − (0.01)
(L2)]M nor more than [1 + (0.01)(L2)]M ◆as specified◆ in the Calculation of Acceptance Value under Content Uniformity or
under ◆Weight◆ Variation. Unless otherwise specified, L1 is 15.0 and L2 is 25.0.

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