AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY–BANGLADESH (AIUB)

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS LAB

Spring 2024-25

Section: P
Group: 02

Experiment No: 09
Experiment Title: Analysis of RLC parallel circuits and verification of KCL in RLC parallel
circuit related to AC circuit

Submitted to: MD. MAHMUDUL HASAN

Submitted by:
Name ID
1. Shafayat Jamil 23 – 55457-3

2. Tousif Tarik 23-53577-3

3. Samira Alam Dia 24-57605-2

4. AL Shams MD. ROHAN 22-49684-3

5. Emamul Kabir Ovi 22-49664-3

Date of Performance : 14.05.2025

Date of Submission : 24.05.2025

Comments/Marks :
 Contribution

Serial ID Name Contribution Percentage

1. 23-53577-3 Tousif Tarik Data table, 20%

Apparatus

2. 23 – 55457-3 Shafayat Jamil Theory, 35%

Simulation

3. 22-49664-3 Emamul Kabir Ovi Abstract, Theory 10%

4. 24-57605-2 Samira Alam Dia Procedure, 20%

Result,
Discussion
5. 22-49684-3 AL Shams MD. ROHAN Calculation 15%

Total 100%
 admittance value means a greater current
Introduction flow for the same applied voltage.

An RLC circuit (also called an LCR, CRL, or RCL

circuit) is an electrical circuit that includes a resistor
(R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C). These
components can be connected either in series or in
parallel. The letters R, L, and C come from the Fig.1: Parallel Branch Equivalent
standard symbols used for resistance, inductance,
and capacitance. Admittance.
For parallel AC circuits, the total admittance
In a parallel RLC circuit, the components are is the sum of the admittances of each
connected side by side, and the voltage across each
part is the same. This is different from a series circuit,
branch:
where the same current flows through each part. YT = Y1 + Y2 + Y3 + ... + YN
Therefore, since Z = 1/Y, the total
Analyzing a parallel RLC circuit is a bit more impedance is:
complex than analyzing a series one because the
current splits into branches, and we need to calculate 1/ZT = 1/Z1 + 1/Z2 + 1/Z3 + ... + 1/ZN
the current through each branch (resistor, inductor, This applies for two or more impedances in
and capacitor). Instead of adding impedances parallel.
directly, we use admittance
(Y) to calculate the total impedance, just like how we As introduced earlier, conductance is the
handle parallel resistors in DC circuits. reciprocal of resistance.
The reciprocal of reactance (1/X) is called
Objectives of the experiment: susceptance, B, and it measures how
susceptible an element is to current flow.
• To find the phase relationship between
the current through the inductor (IL) and Susceptance is also measured in Siemens.
the capacitor (IC) in a parallel RLC For an inductor:
circuit.
BL = -1/XL
• To draw the full vector (phasor) diagram
for a parallel RLC circuit. Where XL = 2πfL. Hence, increasing the
To verify Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) in AC frequency or inductance decreases the
circuits susceptance (and admittance).
Theory For a capacitor:
In DC circuits, conductance (G) is defined BC = 1/XC
as the reciprocal of resistance, G = 1/R. The Where XC = 1/(2πfC). Thus, increasing the
total conductance of a parallel circuit is the frequency or capacitance increases the
sum of the conductance of each branch. The susceptance.
total resistance RT is then given by RT = In any configuration (series, parallel, or
1/GT. combination), the angle of the total
In AC circuits, admittance (Y) is defined as admittance corresponds to the phase angle
the reciprocal of impedance, Y = 1/Z. The by which the source current leads the
SI unit for admittance is Siemens (S). applied voltage. For inductive networks, θT
Admittance indicates how easily an AC is negative; for capacitive networks, θT is
circuit allows current to flow. A higher positive.
 • Then we determined the connection
between E and VRL (i.e., θL) *.
• We connected the oscilloscope's
channel 2 to the RC.
• After that we determined the waves'
phase connection.
• We calculated the VRC and IC
values.
• We determined the connection
Fig. 2: Parallel Circuit KCL verification
between E and VRC (i.e., θC) *.
The circuit of Fig. 2 shows an RLC parallel
• We combined IL with IC.
circuit. In this configuration, the total
current I divides into IL and IC in the • We’ve measured VR and connected
parallel branches. By applying Kirchhoff's channel 2 to R.
Current Law (KCL), we get: • Finally we compared IL+IC to the I
I = IL + IC value attained in practice.
• We’ve set the input frequency to 2
kHz and again followed the above
Apparatus:
steps in the same way.
• Oscilloscope
θ=ang IR θR IL θL IC θC
• Function generator Freq. I=
le of I (A) (o) (A) (o) (A) (o)
(f ∣IL+I
• Resistor: 100 Ω (3) ) C
(o)

• Inductor: 6.3 mH (kH ∣

z)
• Capacitor: 1µF (A)

• Connecting wire. 1 0.026 ∠2.5° 0.026 ∠2. 0.021 ∠- 0.012 ∠54.

8 8 5° 6 24.47 3
• Bread board ° 96
°

2 0.027 ∠0.01 0.027 ∠0. 0.017 ∠- 0.017 ∠38.

Experimental Procedure and 5 1 5 011 6 38.38
°
5 49
° ° °
Data:
• We assembled the circuit as
indicated in Figure 1. Connected the 3 0.027 ∠- 0.027 ∠- 0.014 ∠- 0.020 ∠30.
oscilloscope's channel 1 to the 2 1.714° 2 1.71 6
47.84
° 1 00
function generator and the 4° °
oscilloscope's channel 2 to the RL.
• We’ve set the input signal's
amplitude to 5V peak and the
frequency to 1 kHz. Chosen a Data Table:
sinusoidal waveform. [This data table shows how the current and
• We calculated the VRL and IL phase angles in a parallel RLC circuit
values. change with increasing frequency of the AC
source. It includes the total current (I), its
phase angle (θ), and the individual currents 2.68∠2.5°
and angles for the resistor (IR, θR), inductor V_RL = I × Z_RL = 2.6310 + j1.1763 =
(IL, θL), and capacitor (IC, θC). The table
helps us observe how the inductive and 2.88∠24.09°
capacitive reactances affect the circuit’s V_RC = I × Z_RC = 2.8640 - j4.1439 =
behavior at different frequencies.]
5.037∠-55.35°
At f = 2kHz,
Calculation and Result:
X_L = 2πfL = 2×3.1416×2000 ×5.6×10^(-
3) = 70.3712
Given Parameters:
X_C = 1 / (2πfC) =
E = 10 V, R1 = R2 = R3 = 110 Ω,
1/(2×3.1416×2000×10^(-6)) = 79.577
L = 5.6 mH, C = 1 μF
Z_RL = 110 + j70.3712 = 130.30∠32.48°

At f = 1kHz Z_RC = 110 - j79.577 = 135.67∠-36.11°

X_L = 2πfL = 2×3.1416×1000 ×5.6×10^(- Z_T = Z_R + (Z_RL || Z_RC) = 185.95 -

3) = 35.1856 j8.85

X_C = 1 / (2πfC) = I_T = E / Z_T = 5 / (185.95 - j8.85) =

1/(2×3.1416×1000×10^(-6)) = 159.155 0.0266 + j0.0013 = 0.0267∠2.80°

Z_RL = R + jX_L = 110 + j35.1856 = I_L = Z_RC / (Z_RC + Z_RL) × I_T =

115.49∠17.61° 0.0189 - j0.0092 = 0.0210∠-25.85°

Z_RC = R - jX_C = 110 - j159.155 = I_C = Z_RL / (Z_RC + Z_RL) × I_T =

193.41∠-55.04° 0.0077 + j0.0104 = 0.0129∠53.37°

Z_T = Z_R + (Z_RL || Z_RC) = 186.37 - I = I_L + I_C = 0.0266 + j0.0013 =

j8.147 0.0267∠2.80°

I_T = E / Z_T = 5 / (186.37 - j8.147) = V_R = I × Z_R = 2.66 + j0.13 = 2.66∠2.80°

0.02677 + j0.00117 = 0.0268∠2.5° V_RL = I × Z_RL = 2.87 + j1.55 =

I_L = Z_RC / (Z_RC + Z_RL) × I_T = 3.27∠28.02°

0.01967 - j0.00895 = 0.0216∠-24.47° V_RC = I × Z_RC = 2.93 - j4.12 =

I_C = Z_RL / (Z_RC + Z_RL) × I_T = 5.08∠54.85°

0.00710 + j0.01012 = 0.0123∠54.96°

I = I_L + I_C = 0.02677 + j0.00117 =
0.0268∠2.5° .

V_R = I × Z_R = 2.677 + j0.117 =

 frequency response of the circuit.

Discussion:

In this experiment, we built RC, RL, and f = 2 kHz

RLC series circuits. This simulation analyzes the same RLC
ii. We changed the input signal's shape, circuit as before but at a frequency of 2000
frequency, and waveform when needed. We Hz using AC analysis. It shows how the
measured the current (I) and voltages across voltages at various nodes change in both
the resistor (VR), inductor (VL), and magnitude and phase as the frequency
capacitor (VC) as needed. increases, revealing the circuit’s frequency-
iii. The frequency of the input signal was dependent behavior. Comparing this to the
changed multiple times, and the results were 1000 Hz result helps observe the resonance
recorded in a table. and impedance effects caused by the
iv. Using the recorded data, we did the inductor and capacitor
necessary calculations. We then analyzed
Conclusion:
and confirmed the results using Kirchhoff’s
Current Law (KCL) and the formula I = IL
In this experiment, the theoretical and
+ IC.
simulated values which is kind off close,
Simulation : which showed that the experiment was
successful. The goal of the experiment was
clear from the start. Through this
experiment, we were able to analyze the
RLC parallel circuit and successfully verify
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) for the
RLC circuit.
f = 1 kHz
This simulation shows an AC circuit Resources:
analyzed at a frequency of 1000 Hz,
consisting of resistors (R1, R2, R3), an 1. Robert L. Boylestad, “Introductory
inductor (L1), and a capacitor (C1). The Circuit Analysis”, Prentice Hall, 12th
circuit is powered by an AC voltage source, Edition, New York, 2010, ISBN
and the resulting voltage measurements are 9780137146666.
displayed in the Graph View. The table 2. R.M. Kerchner and G.F. Corcoran,
shows the magnitude and phase of voltages “Alternating Current Circuits”, John
at various nodes, helping analyze the Wiley & Sons, Third Ed., New York,
1956.