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Tech Mahindra Apptitude Imp Formulas 2

The document covers various mathematical concepts including Profit and Loss, Time and Work, and Probability. It defines key terms related to probability such as experiments, sample space, and events, along with examples like rolling dice and tossing coins. Additionally, it outlines fundamental probability results and formulas for calculating the probability of events.

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Krishna Chaitanya
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16 views10 pages

Tech Mahindra Apptitude Imp Formulas 2

The document covers various mathematical concepts including Profit and Loss, Time and Work, and Probability. It defines key terms related to probability such as experiments, sample space, and events, along with examples like rolling dice and tossing coins. Additionally, it outlines fundamental probability results and formulas for calculating the probability of events.

Uploaded by

Krishna Chaitanya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Profit and Loss

Ages

Averages
Time and Work

Speed Distance and Time

Simple Interest and Compound Interest


S:

C:
LCM and HCF
Divisibility:

Permutation & Combination


Boats & Streams

Mixtures & Allegations


Probability
1. Experiment:

An operation which can produce some well-defined outcomes is called an experiment.

2. Random Experiment:

An experiment in which all possible outcomes are know and the exact output cannot be predicted in
advance, is called a random experiment.

Examples:

i. Rolling an unbiased dice.

ii. Tossing a fair coin.

iii. Drawing a card from a pack of well-shuffled cards.

iv. Picking up a ball of certain colour from a bag containing balls of different colours.

Details:

v. When we throw a coin, then either a Head (H) or a Tail (T) appears.

vi. A dice is a solid cube, having 6 faces, marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 respectively. When we


throw a die, the outcome is the number that appears on its upper face.

vii. A pack of cards has 52 cards.

It has 13 cards of each suit, name Spades, Clubs, Hearts and Diamonds.

Cards of spades and clubs are black cards.


Cards of hearts and diamonds are red cards.

There are 4 honours of each unit.

There are Kings, Queens and Jacks. These are all called face cards.

3. Sample Space:

When we perform an experiment, then the set S of all possible outcomes is called the sample space.

Examples:

1. In tossing a coin, S = {H, T}

2. If two coins are tossed, the S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}.

3. In rolling a dice, we have, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.

4. Event:

Any subset of a sample space is called an event.

5. Probability of Occurrence of an Event:

Let S be the sample and let E be an event.

Then, E S.

n(E)
P(E) = .
n(S)

6. Results on Probability:

i. P(S) = 1

ii. 0 P (E) 1

iii. P( ) = 0

iv. For any events A and B we have : P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A B)

v. If A denotes (not-A), then P(A) = 1 - P(A).

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