UNIT -1 Planning in Sports * Meaning and Objectives of Planning Various Committees and their Responsibilities * Tournament - Knock-Out, League or Round Robin and Combination. Procedure to Draw Fixture - Knock-Out (Bye and Seeding) and League (Staircase and Cyclic) Intramural and Extramural-Meaning, Objectives & its Significance. Specific Sports Programme (Sports Day, Health Run, Run for Fun, Run for Specific Cause & Run for Unity) 1.1 Meaning of Planning : “Planning is a way to systematize, direct and organise the events or competitions and extract the advantage and benefit ofthe available resources. “Planning is the process of making a sequence of work for a future line of action’ ‘The success of Physical education programmes depends upon efficient staffing, food, direction, proper control, well super vision, good co-ordination and minimize the chances of lapses.Objectives : To reduce undue pressure ‘To provide proper co-ordination among the committees. To have good control over all the activities. To improve efficiency. To reduce the chances of mistakes. To increase the creativity. To enhance the sports performance. * To protect existing facilities. + Provid * Helps 1.2 je new facilities to meet demand in decision mkaing Formation of Committees and Their Responsibilities Administrative Director Executive Committee Organizing Committee games/ sports * Publicity Committee * Boarding and lodging commitee Reception committee * Decoration ceremony committee 8* Transpiration committee * Grounds & Equipment committee * Committee for enter tainment & refreshment * Committee or entries & programmes * Committee for officials Awards committee * Medical committee 1.3. Tournament : A series of sports competitions, in which, a team finally wins and rest of the participating lose the matches. Itdepends on various factors i.e. - No. of participating teams, availability of grounds and equipments, No. of days and funds. Importance of tournament -- The sportsman learns the discipline by playing tournaments. -- The sportsman meets other sportsman at a single platform. -- He leams ethical values such as honesty, fair play, respect for others. -- Tournaments provides recreation to all, i.e. organizers, spectators, students. ‘Types of Tournament ‘A. Knock out: In this type of tournament, the team once defeated, gets eliminated from the tournament. Only the winning teams contest in the next rounds. Opportunities are given to the winning players/ teams. B. League : In single league tournament all participating teams compete once, with each other, where as in double league, each team plays with every as in double league, each team plays with every other team twice, without any consideration of victory or defeat. 9C. Combination Tournaments : Combination tournaments are organized in group or zonal matches. Whenever there is a large number of teams, combination tournaments facilitate the Physical Education Teachers, job. It gives them elbow room to try out new experiments. ‘There are mainly four types of combination tournaments. (a) Knock out cum knock out (b) League cum league (c) Knock out Cum league (4) League cum knock out D. Challenge Tournament : This type of tournament comes handy when there are one to one contests or there are two players on each side. One player challenges the other and the other player accepts the challenge. Games in which such tournaments are held are - Boxing, Tennis, Table Tennis, Badminton etc. Fixtures in such tournaments are decided according to : (a) Ladder Method (b) Physical method (c) Cobweb Method 1.4 Procedure to Draw Fixture Knockout Step 1. Divide the total no teams in to two halfif otal no teams are more than 16 divided than also in quarter. Step 2. Check if total no of team are in power of two i.e. (2,4.8,16,32,64.......) oF not. Step 3. If total no of teams are not in power of two then byes will be given, Step 4. Calculate the byes & place them according to the formula. 10Step 5. Arrange the match. It should be remembered that match can be arranged between the teams in the same round. Step 6. It should be remembered that if the total no teams are more than 16 the byes of upper half will be placed separately my lower half will be separately. Step 7. In case of seeding or special seeding we calculate the byes of the deducting total no seeding from the total no. of teams. Formula No. 1. Total no matches = total no of team 1 Formula No. 2. To calculate total no of rounds multiply 2 with 2 continuously (2*2*2*....) unit the multiplication value reaches equal to or more than the total no. of teams than calculate the repetition of digit 2 multiplication which will be equal to total no rounds. Formula No. 3 total no byes = next power of total no of team Formula No. 4 If total no teams are even. 2,4.6,8 team in upper total no team_ half = 3 Team of lower half = Dal agtean Total no teams are odd (1,3,5,7,9....) then Total no teams+1 Team in upper half = 7 Total no teams-1 Teams in Lower half = =Formula No. 5 If total no byes are even (2,4,6,8) Then byes in upper half = Total no Byes Bye in lower half = alae Byes If total no bye are odd (1,3,5,7) Then Bye in upper half = —2%@l 5 — Byes in lower half = ae et Formula no. 6. When divide the total no of team in quarter then divide the total no. of team my 4 & follow the given table. 4 | Total no of team| Q Qsr IfR=O IFR=1 WR=2 IFR=3Formula no - 7 placement of bye : 1st bye will be given to last team of lower half 2nd bye will be given no. 1st team of upper half 3rd bye will be given to 1st team of lower half 4th bye will be given to last team of upper half 1234 5,6,7,8 9,10,11,12 13, 14 5th bye comes besides bye no. 1 6th bye besides bye no. 2 7th besides bye no. 3 8th bye near to bye no. 4 then 9 the bye near to bye no. 5 soon Seeding placement will follow the same sequence of bye Procedure to draw the picture (league tournament) 4 Staircase Method “Total no match = Total no team x total no of team 2 ‘Take team no 1 and arrange its ‘All match then take team no. 2 ‘Arrange it all matches then team no. 3 then 4&s00n 1 cycle Method Total no of match ‘Team Total no of team X Total no. of Team 1 a ‘Total no of round (iFodd) = total no teams -1 (if odd) = total no teams iftotal no of teams are even its pair can be made butif the total no teams are odd then add fone teams as bye then their pair ccan be made ‘Arrange the teams in pair in clock direction fk no. 1 if total no, of Fix bye in each round if total no are odd rotate150 Intramurals and Extramurals : Meaning, Objectives and its significance Meaning of Intramurals :~ Intramural is derived from the latin word” Intra” means “within” and “Muralis” means “Waif, So we can say that the activities, which are performed within the walls or within the campus of an institution are called ‘Intramurals” Objectives of Intramurals :- 1 NOARON 2 ‘To provide opportunity to every student to participate in Games and sports To develop leadership Qualities among students. To develop Feeling of Cooperation. To provide Recreating To develop the Feeling of Sports-manship. To provide opportunity to learn a variety of games and skills To provide opportunity of get Experience of Organisation of Competitions To find out talented Sportpersons To provide opportunity ot Develop personality. B, Extramurals :- Extramural is derived from the latin words “Extra” and “Murals”. Here extra means “outside” and murals means “wall”. So, We can say that the activities which are performed outside the walls of an institution or school, are known as “extramurals” 14Objectives of Extramurals :- To provide Experience to Students. To improve the Standard of Sports. To broaden the Base of Sports. To develop Sportsmanship and Fraternity To provide knowledge of New Rules and Advanced Techniques. gaena 1.6 Specific Sports Programme Sports and games programmes are arranged in the world as. well as in our country to promote the games and sports for a specific cause. Every country in the world has some or other cause for promoting specific sports programmes. The programmes motivate and create the feeling to take part in these sports programmes. People become health-conscious and try to remain fit and stay healthy for as long as possible. These specific sports programmes are usually organized by the federations, state government, NGO etc. to create health consciousness among the people and take part in health related sports programmes. More and more people of all age groups should take part in such sports programmes. The various important specific programmes are :- 1. SportsDay- A. — School - Annual Sports Day B. National Sports Day Health Run Run For Fun Run for Specific Cause Run for Unity. ARONVery Short Questions Answer (1 Marks) 1 What do you mean by planning or explain the meaning of planning. Ans. It is a predicate process which explain the organization of work administration of work delegation work & supervision of work in detail Q2 What do you understand the term bye or what is bye. ‘Ans. When the total no of teams are not in power of two (i.¢ 2,4,8,16,32,64) then byes are given to some team. Those teams get the bye they do not play in 1st round they directly play in the 2nd round. Q.3. What is seeding or what do you understan by seeding or ‘special seeding. Ans. Seeding is a special advantage given to last year winner & runner up team or to the good teams of the Tournament with the help of seeding teams can be directly entered in to any round except the final round seeding always given in form of power of two i.e. (2,4,8,16,32). Q.4._ Whatare the knock out tournament or what do you understand by knock out tournaments. Ans. In these types of tournaments after loosing 1st match the team gets eliminated from the tournament in the knock out tournament a team will be continue in the tournament until it does not loose any match. Q5 Whatare the league tournament or what are the round robin tournament. Ans. In these type of tournament all the teams of the tournament will play with each other on the basis of result of all matches the winner & runners up are decided they are of two type a) Single league b) Dubble league 16Q6 What are the combination tournament or what do you understand by combination tournament. ‘Ans. In these types of tournament initial rounds are played on the basis of specific types i.e. knock out or league and rest of the rounds these tournaments are following types. 1. Knock out cum knock out 2. League cum league 3. Knock out cum league 4. League cum knock out Q.7. Whats the aim of intramural tournament. Ans. Over all development of child is the aim of the intramural tournament. Q8 What is tournament, ‘Ans. Tournament is a series of matches organized to find out the best team in a particular sports, Q9. Enlist various types of tournament. ‘Ans. There are four types of tournament. 1. Knock out tournament 2. League tournament 3. Combination tournament 4. Challenge tournament. Q.10. Define intramurals ‘Ans. Intramurals :- Games played inside the school are called intramural most of the students of the school participate in it example :- House completion schoo! athletic meet. Q.11. Define Extramural ‘Ans. Games played outside the school in any other institution only selected students from school participate in it. Q.12. Define Fixture ‘Ans. The organized method in which team participate in a fixed order and one team is declared winner at the end. 7Short Question Answer (3 Marks) 1 Whatare the objectives of the planning or explain the objectives. of the plainning, Ans. Objectives of planning are following 1. Tocreate good coordination 2. Tokeep good control 3. To reduce unnecessary pressure of immediacy 4, Tominimize the chances of mistake 5. Toavoid wastage of money, time & resources 6. _ Toutilize the resources effectively economically 7. Toimprove the effectiveness of the organization. Q.2. Whatare the advantages and disadvantages of the knock out tournament. Ans. Advantates Results comes early Requirement of funds are less Requirment of equipment & officials are less Competition will be intense due to the year of elimination. Disadvantages * _ Itmay be possible that stronger team being matched together in early round & get eliminated in the early round that can lose the charm of the tournament. * It may be possible that weak team got the position in the tournament. * Due to the fear of elimination players play with the fear which is not good for his health & sports performance Talented players some time are not selected due to elimination of there team in early round. 18Q3 What are the advantage & disadvantages of league or round robin tournament. OR Write down the merits demerits of the league tournament Ans. Merits 1. Only real player/ team has best potential will be the winner of the tournament. 2. Charm of the tournament still maintained thought out the tournament. 3. Good team player will continues though out the tournament so the chance of selection of good players is stil alive Demerits 1. Funds are required more 2. Time are required more 3. Result come late 4. Officials & gournd realized more 5. Equipments are realized more. Q4 What are the objective of intramural tournaments of explains the need of intramural. Ans. Objectives Physical development Mutual development Social development To develop good hardships quality To recreate the child To control egression To provide platform to show himself To in case the souse of competitions To develop the qualities of a good header 0. To give the knowledge of the rules of various game BA OMNanraona 19Q5. Ans @PNRARONS a6 Ans Qz7 Ans 11. To find out the talented sport man 12. To develop good personality. What are the objectives of the intramural tournament or need of intramural tournament. Objective Physical development Mental development Social development To provide knowledge of latest rules regulation of the game ‘To develop good personality. To realize the actual level of the personality (sports man) To development leadership quality To find talented sports persons To provide recreation ‘To develop opportunities for mass - participation. Write down the activities for the intramural tournament. Major games :- hockey, football, Kho-Kho, Kabaddi etc. Minor games :- Shuttle run, sag race, triple leg race, Lemon race ete. Rhythmic Games -- P.T. Lazium, dumbal, dance ete. Creative games :- drawing, painting, Combat games :- Judo, Wrestling, boxing etc Write down the importance of the extramural tournament, OR Write down the importance of the extramural tournament 1. Help in the physical development 2. Help inthe mental development. 3. Helpin the social development 4. Help in the personality development. 20Reduce the level stress anxiety. Develop in leadership qualities. Understand the Rules and Regulations of various games Help to control the level of aggression in an individual 9. Help for recreation of children. 10. Help for develop the sense of competitiveness. Q8 Explain the staircase method of league tournament and draw the fixture of 12 teams in staircase methods. ‘Ans. Stair case method :- in stair case method the fixture are made just like a ladder or a stair case in this method no byes given to any team and there is no problem of even or add number of teams. Fixture aie 13 23 Le 14 24 34 enon 15 25 35 45 16 38 bs 66 56 oe eC by 18 28 38 48 58 68 78 19 29 39 49 59 69 79 89 | 110 240 3:40 410 540 6410 710 810 9.10 141 241 341 411 5-11 611 7-11 8411 9411 10-11 112 242 342 4-12 542 612 7-12 812 912 10-1211-12 Q9. Write specifying calculation prepare cyclic fixture for 9 teams. Ans. Total Number of team = 9 Total Number of Match 21- = 9(9-4)= _9°8=_ 72=36 match 2 Zz Zz Total numberround == n= 9 round Fixture around | | round Wi round Vround os |ls 5 |l7 6 Je a lr |le 2 7 2 6 1 ||s 9 6 3 5 2 Ja a s a {la a la 2 | vit roune o 6 |e s 7 |r Q.10 What is the difference between Bye and Seeding. Seeding Given to only winner, runner-up and good teams of the Tournament Directly entered in to any round Round except final Always given to 2,4,8,16 teams Bye Can be given to any term Can be entered only in second round Can be given to any no of team it can Be calculate by next power of 2-total no. of teams. 2Q.12. Whatis different between Intramural and Extramural ‘Ans. Intramural : Game played inside the school are called intramural most of the student of the school participate in it. Example : House competition, school athelete meet etc. Extramural :- Games played out side the school in any other institution only chosen students from school participate in it. 23,Q.13, Explain the precedure (method) to fix byes. Ans. When the total number of the teams in the tournament are not in the power of 2 then bye is given. ‘The method of bye is First find the next power 2 after the number of teams, Example :- Total team = 11 Next power of 2 = 16 Number of bye = 16-11-05 bye First bye is given to lower half bottom team Second bye is given to top most team of upper half Third bye is given to most team of lower half Fourth bye is given to bottom team of upper half Other byes are determined using this order. ORONe Long Answer Type Question 5 Marks Q1 Enlist the committees for organizing sports event and explain any eight committees in detail ? Ans. Various committees are formed for systematic and smooth conduct of competition / tournament. Committee for publicity. Transport committee Boarding and loading committee. Decoration and ceremony committee Grounds & equipment committee Refreshments and entertainment committee Reception committee Committee on entries and programmers. Committee for officals. OOVNOHRONS 2410. Announcement committee 11. First aid committee 12. Accreditation committee 1. Committee for publicity : The committee for publicity announces the date, venues and sports even advance information to the institution and printing etc. Its main responsibility is to advertise the sports events. 2. Transports committee :- This committee is responsible for providing the facilities regarding transportation of various team to the venue of sports event or to the place of boarding and loading as the case may be. 3. Boarding and loading committee :- Boarding and loading committee is responsible for making necessary arrangement for providing accommodation and serving meals to the sports persons and officials. 4. Ground and equipment committee :- This committee is responsible for making the grounds or laying out the track and field this committee also makes necessary arrangements of equipments related to the games / athletic meet 5. Reception committee :- The members of this committee are responsible to welcome the chief guests at the opening and closing ceremonies it is also the duty of this committee to welcome the other quests and spectators. 6. Committee for official :- This committee select various officials, such as referees judges recorders starters marshals track umpires time keepers and lap scorers for athletic meet and referee umpires time keepers recorders and judges etc. 7. Announcement committee :- This committee is solely responsible for making various announcement during the sport meet or games this committee announces regarding opening and closing ceremonies. 258. First aid committee -- First aid committee is headed by a well qualified doctor this committee provide first aid to the victim or affected athlete/ sports person immediately. Q7 Explain the meaning of specific sport programs? Explain any four. Ans. Specific sports programs are those programs of sports which are often not related to th competition these programs are designed with multiple objectives with their focus on the well being or an individual the aims of programme is to create awareness among the common people regarding unity & integrity prevention & protection against various diseases etc. Specific sports programmes Sports Day :- ‘Sports day is organized in the school once in the year so that the all round development of children could be done various physical and recreation activities are conducted on sports day itis organized by almost each and every school on sports day every child gets ample opportunities to take part in activity of there choice. Due to these days most of students get experience as organizer as well as administrator sports day also provide opportunity to select talent for future Health Run :- These programmers are organized by health and sports department to raise the standards of health and also to raise funds for charity registration of participantss is done in advanced and day and time is fixed there is no age bar. People of any age can take part. There is no competition. These provide significant health benefits. But precautionary 26measures must be taken before participating i.e. proper sports kit health status of individual. Run for Fun :- This is to create awareness among people to keep fit and healthy there is fun and frolic while on the run there is no competition it is commonly organized for arranging funds for charity it can be perform it in different customs different age group children like adults teenage ete Run for Unity :- This is to inculcate peace and harmony among the people of different religion of faith. Its purpose may be either national or international brotherhood many people from corporate world film stars and marathon racers form abroad take part, first three position holders get cash prize it can either be a long distance race or a realy. In relay race every participant runs a specific distance and given opportunity to the teammate to Participate. So these runs bring sense of togetherness among people. Q3 Whatdo youmeans by intramurals? Mention the significance of intramurals for school children Ans. The word intramural (Intra+murals) within+wall, It means that the activities which are performed within the walls or within the campus of an institution are called intramurals. These activities are organized only for the students of a school or institution. No students of other school can participate in these activities intramural competition is one of the best means to motivate. All the students of an institution for taking part in the games 27and sports “A games for each and each for a game “may be considered the motto of intramurals. These activities are the most pleasurable as well as enjoyable for the students they get maximum educational benefits from such competition so a large number of students must be involved in a wide range of intramurals activities. Significance of Intramural :- a Intramurals are very significant for physical mental emotional and social development of students. ‘These programmes also lay stress on moral and ethical values of students. Intramurals are necessary for the development of health of children. These programmes are also important to calm down the fighting instinct of children. ‘These programmes refresh the childdren and make them agile. Intramurals provide maximum recreation to the students. * Intramurals provide ample opportunities to the students to participate in game and sports. * Intramurals are also essential for development the leadership qualities among the students. Q.5 Make the fixture for 13 teams on the basis of knock out Ans. Total no. of matches :- Totalnoteams-1 _13-1=12 matches Total no ofround= —2*2°2*2 Digit 2 repeats four time so no of round = 4 rounds Total no bye :- next power of 2- total no. of team 16-13 =03 Total no ofteam+1 = 13+4 a 3 = 07 team No of team is upper half= 28fotal no of team+1 2 2 No. of teams in lower half = = 06team Round 1 Round It Round Ill Round IV winners Q6 _ Drawthe fixture for 24 team on the basis knockout tournament Ans. Total no matches = Total no of team-1 = 24-1 = 23, Total no. round = 2*2*2*2*2 i.e. Digit 2 report 5 times = Srounds So total no round = 5 round Total team in upper half= Total no ofteams = 3 = 12 teams Total team in lower half = Total no of teams. = 24 = 12 teams As the total no of teams are more then 16 so we have to divide teams also in quarter. Teams in each quarter: 4] 24[6 (Q=6) 24 Reo 29Total No bye= next power of two-total no of team = 32-24 = 08 byes Bye in upper half = 8/2 Bye in lower half = 8/2 = Round! — Roundil_ Round ili_ Round iV Round v Q7 Draw a fixture for 11 teams on knock out basic in which 2 teams are special seeding Ans. Total no matches = Total no ofteam-1 = 11-1 = 10 Total no round = 2*2*2*2 Repatriation of digit 2 is 4 time so total no round = 4 rounds When seeding is given in fixture, one round is added Total no bye -- next power of two - 30(total no team - no seeding teams) 6- (11-2) = 16-9=7 byes Team in upper half = Seen Team in lower half = “pial ofteam-t IRound Round Ill Round VRound- VRound 4s.s¢¢¢iqg—$@———\—— 2bye 3bye } 3 }) J) | 6 bye___ | Toye = aye >) 9 bye— —, 10 bye —__— | 11. seeding- 31knock out cum knock out Group A Knock out cum league Group A "hh t+ mle 4B “04 Group 8 sa spt Group winner, 4 oe] Ee A=(A.B,C0) Group ¢ =] — Group D 7} 7 Group D 1B) “ 5BLeague cum league Group A GroupB Group Group D a | 37 1323 | L jraasa5]_ [1424 142407 15253545] 153-6465) [15253545 ] [15253545 rou 4 A Acet ADBD League cum knock out Group A Group B Group C Group D [a] 7] 7 7] 1323] 1323 1379 | 142458 142-434 1-42-4350] _ 25354 152-535 45 ts) 33,