Physical Education

Class-XII
Management and Sporting event

Presented by Dharmendra
Bhardwaj
Unit : I
Management and Sporting event
Key Points :
 Functions of sports Events management.(Planning,
Organizing Staffing, Directing, and Controlling )
 Various committees and its responsibilities.
 Tournament - Knock out, league (or round ribbon)
and, combination.
 Fixtures and their Procedures – Knock-Out (Bye &
Seeding) & League (Staircase, Cyclic, Tabular
method) and Combination tournaments
 Intramurals and extramurals - Meaning, objectives
and its significance.
 Community Sports-Purpose and Benefits
Sports management
 Management-Management is a process of
getting things done through people to achieve
goals effectively and efficiently.

 Sports Management-Sports management is

the field of business dealing with sports and
Recreation.
Sports management involves any combination of
skills that correspond with planning organising
directing controlling budgeting leading or Evaluating
of any organisation within the sports field
 Planning-Planning is the act of deciding in advance
what is to be done.
Planning is an intellectual process of Thinking in
advance about setting of goal and developing strategy
which required to attain effectively.
 Organizing- It is the second keys of Management
function after planning which co-ordinate human effort
Arrange resources and incorporates the two way which
help in the achievement of objectives.
It means to bring the resources (men, materials,
machines, etc.) together and use them properly for
achieving the objectives. Organisation is a process as
well as it is a structure. Organising means arranging
ways and means for the execution of a business plan. It
provides suitable administrative structure and
facilitates execution of proposed plan
Organising involves deciding the ways and means
 Staffing- Staffing is the process of hiring The Eligible Candidate in
the organisation for specific position.
Staffing Refer to the continuous process of finding selecting
evaluating and developing a working relationship with current or
future employees
 Directing –Directing is a aspect of management that deals directly
with influencing guiding supervising and motivating staff for the
achievement of organisation goals.
 Directing personnel is a leadership quality, and includes letting staff
know what needs to be done, by whom and also by when. It
includes supervision of personnel while simultaneously motivating
them.
 Controlling-It is a important function of management as controlling
involves imparting instructions to employees and also ensuring that
those instructions are followed. To organise any sports event,
instructions given to members of the organising committee towards
achieving common goal.
 It includes monitoring the implementation of a plan and correcting
1.2 Various committees and their responsibilities
1.3 Tournament
: A series of sports competitions, in which, a team finally wins
and rest of the participating teams lose the matches. It depends on
various
factors i.e. - No. of participating teams, availability of grounds and
equipments,
No. of days and funds.
Importance of tournament
– The sportsman learns the discipline by playing tournaments.
– The sportsman meets other sportsman at a single platform.
– He learns ethical values such as honesty, fair play, respect for
others.
– Tournaments provides recreation to all, i.e. organizers,
spectators, students.
 Type of tournament
A. Knock out : In this type of tournament, the team
once defeated, gets
eliminated from the tournament. Only the winning
teams contest in the next rounds. Opportunities are
given to the winning players/teams.

B. League : In single league tournament all

participating teams compete once, with each other,
where as in double league, each team plays with every
as in double league, each team plays with every other
team twice, without any consideration of victory or
defeat.
C. Combination Tournaments

Combination tournaments are organized in group or zonal

matches. Whenever there is a large number of teams,
combination tournaments facilitate the Physical Education
Teachers, job. It gives them elbow room to try out new
experiments.
There are mainly four types of combination tournaments:
(a) Knock out cum Knock out
(b) League cum league
(c) Knock out cum league
(d) League cum Knock out
 D. Challenge Tournament:

This type of tournament comes handy when there are

one to one contests or there are two players on each
side. One player challenges the other and the other
player accepts the challenge. Games in which such
tournaments are held are - Boxing, Tennis, Table Tennis,
Badminton etc. Fixtures in such tournaments are
decided according to
(a) Ladder Method
(b) Physical Method
(c) Cobweb Method
 1.4 PROCEDURE TO DRAW FIXTURES:-
A Knock-out Tournament:-In this type of tournament , if a team is defeated once, it
gets eliminated. Only the winners continue in the competition. It is the fastest method
to know about the winner team in the tournament.

Seeding a Team:- The sorting of the teams and fitting them in the fixtures so that the
stronger teams do not meet each other in earlier rounds is known as

Seeding. This method is good if we know the real strong tarns. The organizers should
find out the real strong teams from the previous tournaments or old records fegore
starting a new tournament.

Bye:- The advantage given to a team usually by drawing a lot, and exempting it from
paying a match in the first round is known as Bye. These are given to a specific
number of teams in the first round. The number of byes are decided by subtracting
the number of teams from the next higher number which is in power of two’s. Bye
 Methods of Preparing Fixtures for Knock-out Tournaments
1. Total number of teams participating in the tournament
2. Total number of matches to be played in the tournament Formula for calculating
number of matches=n-1,where n is the total number of teams participating in the
tournament.
3. Total number of rounds played in the tournament depends upon two
things:-
a. The number of teams playing in the tournament
b. The higher nearest number from the total number of teams of
power of two’s = 2n
4. Method of determining the number of teams in upper half and lower half:-
a. If the number of teams is even, then equal number of teams will be divided in both
halves i.e.- n/2,where n is the total number of teams.
b. If the number of teams is odd,the following method is applied:
Number of teams in upper half=(n+1)/2,where n=number of tarns.
Number of teamsin lower half=(n-1)/2,where n=number of teams
 1.4B Method for draw of fixture in league tournament:-

(a) Stair-case Method: In stair-case method, the fixtures are made

just like a ladder or a stair- case. In this method, no bye is
given to any team and there is no problem of even or odd
number of teams.
Example : Draw a fixture of 9 teams on league basis according to
stair-case method.
Solution
(b) Cyclic Method
In cyclic method, if the number of teams is even,
the team number 1 is fixed on the top of right
hand side and other teams in ascending order
consecutively downward and then upward on the
left side and rotate them clockwise. If the number
of teams is odd, then bye is fixed on top right
side and the rest procedure remains same. The
number of rounds in case of even number of
teams will be n -1, where n = number of teams.
The number of rounds in case of odd number of
teams will be n, where n = number of teams.
C. Tabular Method*

Tabular method is called graph method. If the number of teams is in

even number such as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, etc., then N + 1 squares are made
vertically and horizontally where N represents the number of teams
participating in the tournament. If the number of teams is in odd
number such as 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, etc., then N + 2 squares are made
vertically and horizontally. For example, if 7 teams are participating in
league tournament then N + 2, i.e., 7 + 2 = 9 squares are to be made.
After that a diagonal line is drawn from the left side of the top to the
right side of the bottom. Method of Putting the
Numbers in Squares. First of all, write down the names
of the teams such as A, B, C, D, etc. vertically as well as horizontally
on left side squares and upper side squares. If the number of teams is
in odd number, write down ‘Bye’ in the last columns of both sides
Example1

• Draw a fixture of 6 teams according to tabular

method of league tournament.
• Solution:
• Number of teams = 6
• Squares = N + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7 Squares
• Number of rounds = 5
• Number of matches =
Example 2 :

 Draw a fixture of 7 teams by using tabular method.

 Solution : Number of teams = 7
 Number of matches =

 Number of columns or squares = N + 2 = 7 + 2 = 9

squares
 Number of rounds = 7 rounds
1.4 A. INTRAMURALS:MEANING,OBJECTIVES AND ITS
SIGNIFICANCE

Meaning of Intramurals:-
Intramural is derived from the latin word’
Intra” and “muralis’.”Intra” means “within”
and “Muralis” means ‘wall .So we can say
that the activities, which are performed
within the walls or within the campus of an
institution ,are called ‘Intramurals”
Objectives of Intramurals
l. To provide opportunity to every student to
participate in Games and Sports
2. To develop Leadership Qualities among
students
3. To develop Feeling of Cooperation
4. To provide Recreation
5. To develop the Feeling of Sports-manship
6. To provide opportunity to learn a variety of
games and Skills
7. To provide opportunity to get Experience of
Organisation of Competitions
8. To find out talented Sportpersons
9. To provide opportunity to Develop
 B EXTRAMURALS:-
Extramural is derived from the latin words “Extra”
and “Muralis”. So, we can say that the activities
which are performed outside the walls of an
institution or school, are known as “extramurals”.
Objectives of Extramurals:-
1. Toprovide Experience to Students
2. To improve the Standard of Sports
3. To broaden the Base of Sports
4. To develop Sportsmanship and Fraternity
5. To provide knowledge of New Rules and
Advanced Techniques
1.5 Community Sports-Purpose and Benefits
Introduction: Community sports play an important
role to make people happy. It develops aur social bond
between different people living in the community.

Purpose:
 Sports bring people, The entire community is
benefitted from these sports, It Provides a Positive
where we can spend our free time.

Benefits:
1. Improve our physique
2. Exchange of knowledge and experience
3. Reducing anti social behavior
4. Learning to overcome challenges
5. Meeting people with same interests
Thank You