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Comm & Networking Written_Assignment Unit2

The document discusses crosstalk in communication channels, explaining how it is minimized in twisted pair wires through regular twisting. It also covers the use of separate frequencies for uplink and downlink in satellite communication to avoid interference, and differentiates between circuit switching and packet switching based on connection establishment, resource utilization, transmission delay, and fault tolerance. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of a missing transmission in a collision detection scenario on network efficiency.

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6 views2 pages

Comm & Networking Written_Assignment Unit2

The document discusses crosstalk in communication channels, explaining how it is minimized in twisted pair wires through regular twisting. It also covers the use of separate frequencies for uplink and downlink in satellite communication to avoid interference, and differentiates between circuit switching and packet switching based on connection establishment, resource utilization, transmission delay, and fault tolerance. Additionally, it analyzes the impact of a missing transmission in a collision detection scenario on network efficiency.

Uploaded by

Steve
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stephen Ojata

Student ID C110146209
Department Of Computer Science
University of the People
2024/2025 Academic Session
CS 2204-01 Communications and Networking – AY2025-T2
Written Assignment Unit 2

1. What is crosstalk? How is it minimized in case of a twisted pair of wire?

Crosstalk refers to the interference caused by the electromagnetic signals in one


communication channel affecting another nearby channel. It often occurs when signals in
adjacent wires interfere with each other. In twisted pair wires, crosstalk is minimized by
twisting the two wires together at regular intervals. The twisting ensures that any
interference induced in one wire is effectively cancelled out by the interference in the
other wire, as the two wires experience the same level of interference but in opposite
directions (Murthy, 2009).

2. Why are two separate frequencies used for uplink and downlink transmission in
case of satellite communication?

Two separate frequencies are used for uplink and downlink transmission to prevent
interference between the signals being sent to the satellite and those being received from
it. This separation, known as frequency division, ensures that the signals do not overlap
or disrupt each other, maintaining clear communication. The satellite's transponder is
designed to translate the uplink frequency into the corresponding downlink frequency
(Dordal, 2023).

3. Differentiate between the 2 switching techniques (Circuit Switching and Packet


Switching).

1. Connection Establishment: Circuit switching requires a dedicated communication


path to be established before data transfer, whereas packet switching does not require a
dedicated path and data is sent in packets.
2. Resource Utilization: Circuit switching reserves the entire bandwidth of the
communication path, even when no data is being transmitted. In contrast, packet
switching optimizes bandwidth usage by dynamically sharing the path among multiple
users.
3. Transmission Delay: Circuit switching generally has lower transmission delay once
the connection is established. Packet switching may introduce delays due to packet
queuing and routing.
4. Fault Tolerance: Circuit switching is less fault-tolerant because the entire
communication depends on the dedicated path. Packet switching is more fault-tolerant as
packets can be rerouted in case of a failure (Murthy, 2009).

4. What is the answer to Exercise 2.7 from Section 2 of our textbook with this
change: the 4th transmission (B sends to D) does not occur?

Exercise 2.7 from Dordal's textbook involves analyzing the Ethernet's collision detection
mechanism under a given transmission scenario. If the 4th transmission (B sends to D)
does not occur, the collision window reduces, allowing other transmissions to proceed
without interruption. The absence of this transmission simplifies the collision domain,
resulting in fewer retransmission attempts and improved network efficiency (Dordal,
2023).

References
Dordal, P. (2023). An introduction to computer networks. Retrieved from https://link-to-
textbook
Murthy, C. S. V. (2009). Data communication and networking. Global Media. ProQuest
Ebook Central.

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