APPENDEX A

INSTRUMENT AND SOFTWARE USED IN THE STUDY

 A.2

DJI MINI 4 PRO

DJI Mini 4 Pro is most advanced mini-camera drone to date. It integrates powerful

imaging capabilities, omnidirectional obstacle sensing, Active Track 360° with the new Manual

Mode, and 20km FHD video

transmission.

Figure A.1 The DJI Mavic Pro (Source:( https://www.dji.com/global/mini-4-pro/specs)

The DJI Mini 4 Pro is a compact and lightweight drone, weighing less than 249 grams,

making it exempt from registration requirements in many regions. Despite its small size, it offers

impressive performance, with a maximum flight time of 34 minutes using the standard Intelligent

Flight Battery, extendable to 45 minutes with the Intelligent Flight Battery Plus. The drone can

achieve a top horizontal speed of 16 m/s (approximately 57.6 km/h) in Sport mode. Equipped

with a 1/1.3-inch CMOS sensor capable of capturing 48-megapixel still images, the Mini 4 Pro

also records video at up to 4K resolution at 100 frames per second. The camera features a 24 mm

equivalent focal length lens with an 82.1° field of view, allowing for detailed aerial photography

and videography. Its imaging capabilities are enhanced by HDR video, a 10-bit D-Log M color

profile, and True Vertical Shooting mode. For navigation and positioning, the Mini 4 Pro utilizes

GPS, Galileo, and BeiDou satellite systems, ensuring precise flight control and stability. Its

omnidirectional obstacle sensing system, comprising forward, backward, lateral, upward, and

downward sensors, enhances flight safety by detecting and avoiding obstacles in all directions.
The drone also supports advanced features such as Active Track 360°, Master Shots, and

Waypoint Flight, facilitating intelligent and automated flight paths. The DJI Mini 4 Pro employs

the OcuSync 4.0 transmission system, offering a maximum video transmission range of up to 20

km under optimal conditions, with a live feed resolution of 1080p at 60 frames per second. These

features make the DJI Mini 4 Pro a powerful yet portable tool for both professional and

recreational aerial imaging.

DJI. (n.d.). DJI Mini 4 Pro - Specifications. DJI. https://www.dji.com/global/mini-4-pro/specs

Table A.1 DJI Mini 4 Pro Drone Specification

Specification Details

Folded L148 × W94 × H64 mm

Diagonal Size (Propellers Excluded) 213 mm

Weight (Battery & Propellers Included) < 249 g

Max Speed 16 m/s (57.6 km/h) in Sport mode

Maximum Takeoff Altitude 4000 m above sea level

Max Flight Time 34 min (Standard Battery)

45 min (Battery Plus)

Max Hovering Time Approx. 30 min (Standard Battery)

Overall, Flight Time ~29 min (in normal flight conditions)

Camera
Specification Details

Sensor 1/1.3” CMOS, Effective pixels: 48 MP

Lens FOV 82.1°, 24 mm (equiv.), f/1.7

ISO Range Video: 100–6400; Photo: 100–3200

Electronic Shutter Speed 2–1/8000 s

Image Size 8064×6048 px (48 MP mode)

Photo and Video Formats JPEG, DNG (RAW), MP4 (H.264/H.265)

Controllable Gimbal Range Pitch: -90° to +60°; Roll: 0° or 90°

Special Modes HDR Video, D-Log M 10-bit, Vertical Shot, Active

 A.4
Track 360°

TERSUS OSCAR GNSS RECEIVER

The Tersus Oscar GNSS Receiver leads the way in GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite

System) technology, featuring advanced capabilities designed specifically for precise positioning

and navigation tasks. Featuring an advanced GNSS RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) system, it offers

unparalleled accuracy and reliability.

Figure A.2 Tersus Oscar GNSS Receiver

The Oscar GNSS Receiver represents the latest in GNSS RTK technology. It features a

tilt compensation function that doesn't need calibration and is unaffected by magnetic

interference, eliminating the need for a leveling pole. Equipped with an internal high-performance
GNSS board supporting multiple constellations and frequencies, the Oscar GNSS Receiver
A.5
ensures precise accuracy

and reliable signal reception. Its detachable large-capacity battery allows for up to 16 hours of

field work in various network modes, including 4G/3G/2G and Rover radio. Additionally, its

built-in UHF radio module enables long-range communication. (Tersus, n.d.)

Table A.2 Tersus Oscar GNSS Receiver Specification

Signal tracking: GPS L1 C/A, L2C, L2P, L5; GLONASS L1 C/A,

L2 C/A; BDS B1, B2, B3, support BDS-3;

Galileo E1, E5a, E5b; QZSS L1 C/A, L2C, L5

Channels: 576

Single Point Positioning Accuracy (RMS):

Horizontal: 1.5m

Vertical: 3.0m

DGPS Positioning Accuracy (RMS):

Horizontal: 0.25m

Vertical: 0.5m

Horizontal: 2.5mm+0.1ppm

Vertical: 5mm+0.5ppm
Post Processed Kinematic (RMS):

A.6

Horizontal: 8mm+1ppm

Vertical: 15mm+1ppm

Post Processed Kinematic (RMS):

Horizontal: 8mm+1ppm

Vertical: 15mm+1ppm

Real Time Kinematic (RMS):

Horizontal: 8mm+1ppm

Vertical: 15mm+1ppm

Network Real Time Kinematic (RMS):

Horizontal: 8mm+0.5ppm

Vertical: 15mm+0.5ppm

Observation Accuracy (zenith direction):

 C/A Code: 10cm
A.7
P Code: 10cm

Carrier Phase: 1mm

Tilt compensation accuracy ≤2cm (within 60°) (1)

Timing Accuracy (RMS): 20ns

Velocity Accuracy (RMS): 0.03m/s

Initialization (typical): <10s

Initialization Reliability: >99.99% (3)

(Source: https://www.tersus-gnss.com/assets/upload/file/20211208085116840.pdf)

AGISOFT SOFTWARE

Agisoft Metashape is a cutting-edge software solution, with its engine core driving

photogrammetry to its ultimate limit. The software allows to process images from RGB or

multispectral cameras, including multi-camera systems, into high-value spatial information in the

form of photogrammetric point clouds, textured polygonal models, georeferenced true

Ortho mosaics and DSMs/DTMs.

Agisoft Metashape Professional allows to generate georeferenced dense point clouds,

textured polygonal models, digital elevation models, and orthomosaics from a set of overlapping

images with the corresponding referencing information. (Agisoft, 2023)

 APPENDEX B
AGISOFT METASHAPE STEP BY STEP PROCESS
 B.2

AGISOFT METASHAPE PROCESSES

During the data processing phase of the aerial survey conducted by the UAV, Agisoft

Metashape Professional emerged as the tool of choice for generating a comprehensive 3D map.

Leveraging the advanced capabilities of Agisoft Metaphase Professional, the collected aerial

imagery was meticulously analyzed and integrated to produce a highly detailed representation of

the surveyed area. This software facilitated the seamless alignment of multiple images, enabling

the creation of a cohesive and accurate three-dimensional model. Additionally, the flexibility and

efficiency of Agisoft Metaphase Professional played a pivotal role in streamlining the processing

workflow, ensuring timely delivery of precise spatial data for further analysis and interpretation.

First, open the software application, click “Workflow”, and look for “Add Folder”

Figure B.1 Add folder to importing the photos to the software.

After clicking the “Add Folder” option, it will reroute you to your File Explorer window

where you can select and choose the Folder to import the UAV images.
 B.3

Figure B.2 Selecting the folder on where the images are saved.

Once you have selected the folder where the UAV images are saved, it will redirect you

to

another tab where you can select on how to import the images. For the data layout, you should

select the “Single camera” option, then “Add all images to one chunk”, and after press the “OK”

to

start importing the images.

Figure B.3 Data layout of the images.

 B.4

This will then show up on your software.

Figure B.4 Images that were successfully imported.

Before processing the images, we need to convert the data to Grid Coordinate

System since the images where it was photographed was Geographic Coordinate System.

In the Reference Tab, press the Convert option.

 Figure B.5 Convert option under Reference in the software.
B.5
In the Convert reference tab, select the drop down and select the “More…” option.

Figure B.6 More option under Convert Reference.

In selecting the Coordinate System, select the “Projected Coordinate Systems”.

Figure B.7 Projected Coordinate System on selecting the Coordinate System.

Under the Projected Coordinate Systems, select the “World Geodetic System 1984

ensemble”.
 B.6

Figure B.8 Selecting the World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble.

Under the World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble option, the researchers selected the

“WGS 84 / UTM zone 51N” since it was the Coordinate System that was used during the aerial

survey of the UAV.

Figure B.9 Projected Coordinate

System on selecting the Coordinate System.

Then select the “OK” option again so that the software will convert the Geographic

Coordinate System to Grid Coordinate System.

 B.7

Figure B.10

Converting the reference to WGS / UTM zone 51N.

The next step is now processing the images which is to connect the overlapping images.

In

the “Workflow” tab, select the “Align Photo”.

Figure B.11 Align Photos in Workflow tab.

Then select the “OK” button so that the software can start connecting the overlapping

images.
 B.8

Figure B.12 Align photos.

The software will then produce a common point between the overlapping photos. To see

it in full,

unhighlight the “Show Camera” option by clicking it.

Figure B.13 Turning

off the Show Camera.
 B.9

After processing the photos, the edges, the upper and lower parts are complex since there
will be distortion of the images. To adjust the data, select the “Region” tab and choose the
“Resize
Region”. Adjust the data inside the box to make the edges cleaner.

Figure B.14 Resize Region.

After adjusting the edges of the data, in the Reference Tab, select the “Optimize

Camera”.
Figure B.15 Optimize Camera option in the software.

B.10

A pop-up window will then appear that will automatically select the recommended

optimization

and select the “OK” option.

Figure B.16 Optimize camera alignment.

After optimizing the cameras on the data, in the Workflow tab, select the “Build Dense

Cloud”.
Figure B.17 Build dense cloud under Workflow Ta

B.11

Another pop-up window will then appear on the software. Select the High for the quality

so that it can also process the spatial resolution of the point and then press “OK”.

Figure B.18 Build Dense Cloud.

To process the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), in the Workflow Tab, select the “Build

DEM”.
Figure B.19 Build DEM under Workflow Tab.

A pop-up window will then appear and select the “OK” option.

B.12

Figure B.20 Build DEM.

The attached Figure 3.31 also shows the processed DEM. Next, to stitch all the images

from the UAV into one photo, under Workflow, click “Build Orthomosaic”.

Figure B.21 Build Orthomosaic under Workflow Tab.

 A pop-up window will then appear and select the “OK” option.

B.13

Figure B.22 Build Orthomosaic.

The result that is shown in Figure 3.33 shows the Orthomosaic that was processed in the

software.

Figure B.23 Orthomosaic

 To create the structural build of a three-dimensional model, under Workflow, click

“Build

Mesh”.

B.14

Figure B.24 Build Mesh under Workflow Tab.

Figure B.25 Build Mesh.

The outcome depicted in Figure 3.36 illustrates the Meshed 3D map that is generated
through software processing

B.15

Figure B.26 Meshed 3D Map.

To pinpoint a Ground Control Point (GCP) that was placed before the aerial survey, find

the image on where the GCP is visible. Right click your mouse then click “Add Marker”.

Figure B.27 Marking GCPs.

Next, proceed to fine-tune the points to ensure they are perfectly aligned with the Ground
Control Points (GCP) present in the images.

APPENDEX C
DRONE IMAGES
 C.2
The following photos are all the images captured using the drone.
C.3
C.4
C.5
C.6
C.7
C.8
C.9
C.10
C.11
C.12
C.13
C.14
C.15
C.16
C.17
C.18
C.19
C.20
C.21
C.22
C.23
C.24
C.25
APPENDIX D
DRONE VALUES
 D.2

The following table shows the values obtained using the drone and its corresponding coordinates
and flying height.

Drone points Easting Northing Flying Height(m)

(WGS’84) (WGS’84)

GCP 1 516029.5091 1063055.092 121.6215769

GCP 2 516042.1244 1063091.06 119.8173162

GCP 3 516083.8607 1063039.123 112.645076

GCP 4 516073.7783 1063004.561 113.4821885

GCP5 515979.8287 1063035.272 105.9977987

GCP 6 515947.0301 1063011.86 89.5579

GCP 7 515867.4622 1063068.331 100.1370882

GCP 8 515894.1284 1063127.815 100.1775977

GCP 9 515916.38 1063168.289 100.0730504

GCP 10 515970.8822 1063095.938 117.5155669

GCP 11 515998.5364 1063146.639 125.0463735

GCP 12 516068.7648 1063078.113 116.3678969

GCP 13 516105.1255 1063128.202 99.77219315

GCP 14 516091.4696 1063157.89 101.6338163

GCP 16 516121.7377 1063116.133 95.51114004

GCP 18 516159.1848 1063133.774 80.88964925

GCP 20 516164.3395 1063087.169 80.4584285

GCP 22 516130.0268 1063181.601 91.58802554

GCP 23 516150.3189 1063199.537 90.93980433

GCP 27 516228.1055 1063306.788 76.61326494

GCP 28 516223.9417 1063363.197 66.84934367

GCP 31 516049.2064 1063378.743 107.2558973

GCP 34 515754.9888 1063170.549 67.68823412

GCP 39 516045.7784 1063041.697 121.2040102

GCP 40 516064.2875 1063056.149 118.4757966

GCP41 516053.5238 1063075.278 119.0563084

GCP 42 516024.0138 1063075.375 123.698741

GCP 43 516016.1812 1063038.358 119.972557

GCP 44 516039.31 1063022.11 119.746656

GCP 45 516056.9139 1063021.855 118.9731638

 APPENDIX E
CALCULATION OF RMSE AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF SLOPE
AND ITS
CATEGORIZATION
 E.2

The following table shows the calculation of the slope and percentage of the slope of ground control points of Drone.

DRONE
LINE Northing Easting Elevation Rise Run Slope Percentage
GCP6-GCP5 GCP6 1063011.86 515947.0301 89.5579 16.44 40.29732653 0.407964998 40.79649976
GCP5 1063035.272 515979.8287 106.00
GCP28-GCP31 GCP28 1063363.197 516223.9417 66.84934367 40.41 175.425431 0.230334641 23.03346407
GCP31 1063378.743 516049.2064 107.2558973
GCP27-GCP23 GCP27 1063306.788 516228.1055 76.61326494 14.33 132.4899901 0.108132995 10.81329946
GCP23 1063199.537 516150.3189 90.93980433
GCP22-GCP14 GCP22 1063181.601 516130.0268 91.58802554 8.18 45.26455878 0.180807409 18.08074093
GCP14 1063157.89 516091.4696 99.77219315
GCP18-GCP13 GCP18 1063133.774 516159.1848 80.88964925 18.88 54.34574952 0.347452083 34.74520835
GCP13 1063128.202 516105.1255 99.77219315
GCP20-GCP16 GCP20 1063087.169 516164.3395 80.4584285 15.05 51.5153771 0.292198415 29.21984152
GCP16 1063116.133 516121.7377 95.51114004
GCP34-GCP8 GCP34 1063170.549 515754.9888 67.68823412 32.49 145.5543488 0.223211219 22.32112185
GCP8 1063127.815 515894.1284 100.1775977
GCP9-GCP11 GCP9 1063168.289 515916.38 100.0730504 24.97 84.96128828 0.293937671 29.39376705
GCP11 1063146.639 515998.5364 125.0463735
GCP7-GCP10 GCP7 1063068.331 515867.4622 100.1370882 17.38 107.0412042 0.162353169 16.23531688
GCP10 1063095.938 515970.8822 117.5155669
GCP3-GCP40 GCP3 1063039.123 516083.8607 112.645076 5.83 25.94197301 0.224760107 22.47601074
GCP40 1063056.149 516064.2875 118.4757966
GCP45-GCP44 GCP45 1063021.855 516056.9139 118.9731638 0.77 17.60577003 0.043934016 4.393401606
GCP44 1063022.11 516039.31 119.746656
GCP39-GCP1 GCP39 1063041.697 516045.7784 121.2040102 0.42 21.07383763 0.019814461 1.981446053
 E.3

GCP1 1063055.092 516029.5091 121.6215769

GCP2-GCP42 GCP2 1063091.06 516042.1244 119.8173162 3.88 23.95880445 0.162004109 16.20041087
GCP42 1063075.375 516024.0138 123.698741
GCP4-GCP43 GCP4 1063004.561 516073.7783 113.4821885 6.49 66.78107067 0.097188745 9.718874546
GCP43 1063038.358 516016.1812 119.972557
GCP12-GCP41 GCP12 1063078.113 516068.7648 116.3678969 2.69 15.50237538 0.173419331 17.34193313
GCP41 1063075.278 516053.5238 119.0563084

The following table shows the calculation of the slope and percentage of the slope of ground control points of GNSS RTK
 RTK
LINE Northing Easting Elevation Rise Run Slope Percentage
0.38684
GCP6-GCP5 GCP6 1063010.772 515946.644 26.3 15.88 41.04978 7 38.68473687
GCP5 1063034.819 515979.913 42.18
0.21905 E.4
GCP28-GCP31 GCP28 1063367.125 516226.666 2.78 39.03 178.1774 1 21.90513278
GCP31 1063382.112 516049.12 41.81
0.10515
GCP27-GCP23 GCP27 1063309.95 516230.926 10.72 14.12 134.2757 7 10.5156798
GCP23 1063201.251 516152.094 24.84
0.23056
GCP22-GCP14 GCP22 1063182.873 516131.244 25.58 10.56 45.80085 3 23.05634057
GCP14 1063158.727 516092.325 36.14
GCP18-GCP13 GCP18 1063134.406 516160.944 16.07 18.6 55.09801 0.33758 33.75802647
GCP13 1063128.712 516106.141 34.67
0.28620
GCP20-GCP16 GCP20 1063087.229 516166.165 15.76 14.97 52.3044 9 28.62092102
GCP16 1063116.621 516122.9 30.73
0.22004
GCP34-GCP8 GCP34 1063171.146 515751.557 2.71 32.58 148.0617 3 22.00433716
GCP8 1063127.752 515893.117 35.29
0.26988
GCP9-GCP11 GCP9 1063168.949 515915.46 34.92 23.13 85.70256 7 26.98869328
GCP11 1063146.935 515998.287 58.05
0.13366
GCP7-GCP10 GCP7 1063068.264 515866.424 36.31 14.37 107.507 6 13.36657491
GCP10 1063095.184 515970.506 50.68
0.19136
GCP3-GCP40 GCP3 1063039.034 516084.926 49.07 4.96 25.919 5 19.13654234
GCP40 1063056.203 516065.509 54.03
0.08256
GCP45-GCP44 GCP45 1063020.909 516058.118 54.57 1.5 18.16839 1 8.256098681
GCP44 1063021.461 516039.958 56.07
GCP39-GCP1 GCP39 1063041.489 516046.511 57.41 0.84 21.44496 0.03917 3.917004528
GCP1 1063055.084 516029.926 58.25
0.15360
GCP2-GCP42 GCP2 1063091.454 516042.694 55.38 3.76 24.47865 3 15.36032123
GCP42 1063075.467 516024.157 59.14
0.08797
GCP4-GCP43 GCP4 1063004.264 516074.704 49.82 5.93 67.40417 7 8.797675403
GCP43 1063037.924 516016.306 55.75
0.16502
The table below displays the categories of the slope of drone points and its slope and slope percentage.

Category DRONE
LINE Northing Easting Elevation Rise Run Slope Percentage
GCP6-GCP5 GCP6 1063011.86 515947.0301 89.5579 16.44 40.29732653 0.407964998 40.79649976
GCP5 1063035.272 515979.8287 106.00
30%-50% GCP1
GCP18-GCP13 8 1063133.774 516159.1848 80.88964925 18.88 54.34574952 0.347452083 34.74520835
GCP1
3 1063128.202 516105.1255 99.77219315
GCP2
GCP28-GCP31 8 1063363.197 516223.9417 66.84934367 40.41 175.425431 0.230334641 23.03346407
GCP3
1 1063378.743 516049.2064 107.2558973
GCP2
GCP22-GCP14 2 1063181.601 516130.0268 91.58802554 8.18 45.26455878 0.180807409 18.08074093
GCP1
4 1063157.89 516091.4696 99.77219315
GCP2
GCP20-GCP16 0 1063087.169 516164.3395 80.4584285 15.05271154 51.5153771 0.292198415 29.21984152
18%-30% GCP1
6 1063116.133 516121.7377 95.51114004
GCP3
GCP34-GCP8 4 1063170.549 515754.9888 67.68823412 32.48936355 145.5543488 0.223211219 22.32112185
GCP8 1063127.815 515894.1284 100.1775977
GCP9-GCP11 GCP9 1063168.289 515916.38 100.0730504 24.97332316 84.96128828 0.293937671 29.39376705
GCP1
1 1063146.639 515998.5364 125.0463735
GCP3-GCP40 GCP3 1063039.123 516083.8607 112.645076 5.83 25.94197301 0.224760107 22.47601074
GCP4 1063056.149 516064.2875 118.4757966
 E.5
0
GCP2-GCP42 GCP2 1063091.06 516042.1244 119.8173162 3.881424762 23.95880445 0.162004109 16.20041087
GCP4
2 1063075.375 516024.0138 123.698741
GCP4-GCP43 GCP4 1063004.561 516073.7783 113.4821885 6.490368479 66.78107067 0.097188745 9.718874546
GCP4
3 1063038.358 516016.1812 119.972557
GCP1
GCP12-GCP41 2 1063078.113 516068.7648 116.3678969 2.688411572 15.50237538 0.173419331 17.34193313
GCP4
1 1063075.278 516053.5238 119.0563084
GCP7-GCP10 GCP7 1063068.331 515867.4622 100.1370882 17.38 107.0412042 0.162353169 16.23531688
8%-18% GCP1
0 1063095.938 515970.8822 117.5155669
GCP2
GCP27-GCP23 7 1063306.788 516228.1055 76.61326494 14.33 132.4899901 0.108132995 10.81329946
GCP2
3 1063199.537 516150.3189 90.93980433
GCP4
GCP45-GCP44 5 1063021.855 516056.9139 118.9731638 0.773492183 17.60577003 0.043934016 4.393401606
GCP4
4 1063022.11 516039.31 119.746656
GCP3
GCP39-GCP1 9 1063041.697 516045.7784 121.2040102 0.417566724 21.07383763 0.019814461 1.981446053
GCP1 1063055.092 516029.5091 121.6215769

E.6
The table below displays the categories of the slope of ground control points of GNSS RTK and its slope and slope percentage.

Category RTK
LINE Northing Easting Elevation Rise Run Slope Percentage
0.38684
GCP6-GCP5 GCP6 1063010.772 515946.644 26.3 15.88 41.04978 7 38.68473687
30%-50%
GCP5 1063034.819 515979.913 42.18
GCP18-GCP13 GCP18 1063134.406 516160.944 16.07 18.6 55.09801 0.33758 33.75802647
GCP13 1063128.712 516106.141 34.67
0.21905
18%-30% GCP28-GCP31 GCP28 1063367.125 516226.666 2.78 39.03 178.1774 1 21.90513278
GCP31 1063382.112 516049.12 41.81
0.23056
GCP22-GCP14 GCP22 1063182.873 516131.244 25.58 10.56 45.80085 3 23.05634057
GCP14 1063158.727 516092.325 36.14
0.28620
GCP20-GCP16 GCP20 1063087.229 516166.165 15.76 14.97 52.3044 9 28.62092102
GCP16 1063116.621 516122.9 30.73
0.22004
GCP34-GCP8 GCP34 1063171.146 515751.557 2.71 32.58 148.0617 3 22.00433716
GCP8 1063127.752 515893.117 35.29
0.26988
GCP9-GCP11 GCP9 1063168.949 515915.46 34.92 23.13 85.70256 7 26.98869328
GCP11 1063146.935 515998.287 58.05
0.19136
GCP3-GCP40 GCP3 1063039.034 516084.926 49.07 4.96 25.919 5 19.13654234
GCP40 1063056.203 516065.509 54.03
0.10515
GCP27-GCP23 GCP27 1063309.95 516230.926 10.72 14.12 134.2757 7 10.5156798
8%-18%
GCP23 1063201.251 516152.094 24.84
GCP45-GCP44 GCP45 1063020.909 516058.118 54.57 1.5 18.16839 0.08256 8.256098681
 1
GCP44 1063021.461 516039.958 56.07
0.08797
GCP4-GCP43 GCP4 1063004.264 516074.704 49.82 5.93 67.40417 7 8.797675403
GCP43 1063037.924 516016.306 55.75
0.16502
GCP12-GCP41 GCP12 1063078.258 516069.888 51.8 2.61 15.81608 2 16.50219061
GCP41 1063075.407 516054.331 54.41
E.7
0.13366
GCP7-GCP10 GCP7 1063068.264 515866.424 36.31 14.37 107.507 6 13.36657491
GCP10 1063095.184 515970.506 50.68
0.15360
GCP2-GCP42 GCP2 1063091.454 516042.694 55.38 3.76 24.47865 3 15.36032123
GCP42 1063075.467 516024.157 59.14
GCP39-GCP1 GCP39 1063041.489 516046.511 57.41 0.84 21.44496 0.03917 3.917004528
GCP1 1063055.084 516029.926 58.25

The following table displays the calculation of RMSE and standard deviation of the slope category.

(Sdrone- (Sdrone-Srtk)- ((Sdrone-

Sdrone SRTK Sdrone-Srtk Mean Error Srtk)^2 RMSE ME Srtk)-ME)^2 STD
38.6847
40.79649976 4 2.111762891 1.549472384 4.45954251 1.648343194 0.562290507 0.316170614 1.136089201
30%-50%
33.7580
34.74520835 3 0.987181878 0.974528059 0.987181878 0.974528059
sum 3.098944769 5.434070569 1.290698674
 (Sdrone- (Sdrone-Srtk)- ((Sdrone-
Sdrone SRTK Sdrone-Srtk Mean Error Srtk)^2 RMSE ME Srtk)-ME)^2 STD
21.9051
23.03346407 3 1.128331289 0.468829835 1.273131498 1.148393871 0.659501454 0.434942168 2.918459226
23.0563
18.08074093 4 -4.97559964 24.75659178 -4.97559964 24.75659178
28.6209
29.21984152 2 0.598920496 0.358705761 0.598920496 0.358705761
18%-30%
22.0043
22.32112185 4 0.316784693 0.100352542 0.316784693 0.100352542
26.9886 E.8
29.39376705 9 2.405073775 5.784379863 2.405073775 5.784379863
19.1365
22.47601074 4 3.339468394 11.15204916 3.339468394 11.15204916
sum 2.812979008 7.912850897 2.812979008 42.58702127

(Sdrone- (Sdrone-Srtk)- ((Sdrone-

Sdrone SRTK Sdrone-Srtk Mean Error Srtk)^2 RMSE ME Srtk)-ME)^2 STD
10.5156
8%-18% 16.20041087 8 5.684731078 -0.005143766 32.31616743 6.299078906 5.689874844 32.37467574 6.901143074
9.718874546 8.25609 1.462775865 2.13971323 1.462775865 2.13971323
 9
8.79767
17.34193313 5 8.544257725 73.00434008 8.544257725 73.00434008
16.5021 -
16.23531688 9 0.266873729 0.071221587 -0.266873729 0.071221587
13.3665 -
10.81329946 7 2.553275442 6.519215482 -2.553275442 6.519215482
15.3603 -
4.393401606 2 10.96691962 120.2733259 -10.96691962 120.2733259
3.91700 -
1.981446053 5 1.935558475 3.746386612 -1.935558475 3.746386612
-
sum 0.030862598 238.0703704 238.1288787
APPENDIX F
Quality Report of Drone’s Flight Path
APPENDIX G
Certificate of appearance and letter
G.2
G.3