EX NO: Generate ortho mosaic from drone images and ground control points

DATE:

AIM
To Generate ortho mosaic from drone images and ground control points
THEORY:
A photogrammetry program called Pix4D makes it easier to turn aerial and ground photos into
3D models, maps, and survey data. It creates a detailed 3D model or map by processing a set
of overlapping photos of a region or item taken from various perspectives using computer
algorithms. With Pix4D, users can utilize sophisticated photogrammetry algorithms to process
their photographs and create 3D models, orthomosaics, point clouds, and more. In order to offer
precise and current information on land and structures, the program is frequently utilized in a
variety of industries, including surveying, mining, construction, and agriculture.
PROCEDURE
Three main processes make up the image processing process according to PIX4D mapper. They
are:
Initial Processing: PIX4Dmapper calculates the images' important points initially. It creates
the quality report for this stage by using these crucial elements to identify picture matches. The
following sub-steps are part of the first processing step:
a) Image Import: Bringing the pictures into the program is the initial stage. You can accomplish
this by choosing the folder that has the pictures in it.
b) Calibration: After that, the program examines the pictures to ascertain the internal and
exterior camera settings, including principle point, focal length, and lens distortion.
c) Image Orientation: Each image's position and orientation are determined by the program
using the camera's settings.
d) Image Matching: The software then creates tie points, which are used to align the photos, by
matching common features between them.
e) Point Cloud Generation: Lastly, the software uses the matched photos to create a 3D point
cloud.
Increasing the density of 3D points in the 3D model calculated in step 1 through the Point
Cloud and Mesh stage improves accuracy for both the Orthomosaic and the DSM. The
following sub-steps are part of the point cloud and mesh step:
a) Point Cloud Cleaning: Any erroneous or outlier points are eliminated from the point cloud
by the software.
b) Point Cloud Classification: The program groups the points according to their location and
attributes, including buildings, plants, ground, and so on.
c) Creation of the Digital Surface Model (DSM): Using the identified points, the software
creates a DSM.
d) Mesh Generation: Using the DSM and point cloud, the software creates a mesh surface.
DSM, Orthomosaic, and Index: This is the last stage in producing the intended DSM and
orthomosaic outputs. The following sub-steps are part of the DSM, orthomosaic, and index
step:
a) DSM Editing: By eliminating items, completing gaps, or smoothing the surface, users can
alter the DSM using the software.
b) Orthomosaic Creation: The program projects the pictures onto the DSM and blends them
together to create an orthomosaic.
Add Ground control points
1. On the Menu bar, click Project > GCP/MTP Manager. Select the GCP coordinate
system: By default, the GCP coordinate system will be the same as the Output/GCP
Coordinate System selected when creating the project.
2. Creating a Project. If the GCPs have a different coordinate system, select the correct
coordinate system: How to select / change the Image / GCP / Output Coordinate
System.
3. Import the GCPs coordinates. The GCP coordinates can be imported:
 Manually: Import the GCPs one by one.
 From file: Import all GCPs together from a GCP file readable by PIX4Dmapper.

4. A new point is added to the GCP/MTP Table. This point is defined by default as Manual
Tie Point (Type column) and is named by default mtp1 (Label column). When adding
more Manual Tie Points, they will be named mtp2, mtp3, etc.
5. Edit the GCP properties:
 (Optional) Change the Label of the GCP:
 Double-click the Label cell of the point.
6. Type the desired name.
 Change the Type of the GCP:
7. Double-click the Type cell of the point.
8. From the drop-down list select:
 2D GCP: if only the Y,X or Latitude, Longitude coordinates of
the GCP are known.
 3D GCP: if the Y,X,Z or Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude
coordinates of the GCP are known.
 Check Point: if the Y,X,Z or Latitude, Longitude, and Altitude
coordinates of the GCP are known. A Check Point is not used in
the reconstruction and indicates the accuracy around the areas
where it is defined.
 Insert the GCP coordinates:
9. Double-click the coordinates cells of the point (Y,X,Z or Latitude, Longitude, Altitude).
10. Type the corresponding coordinates.
 (optional) Insert the Accuracy (for 2D GCP Accuracy Horz, and for 3D
GCP Accuracy Horz and/or Accuracy Vert):
11. Double-click the Accuracy Horz/Vert cell of the point. Type the Accuracy of the point:
 For very accurate GCP, insert a low Accuracy value.
 For non-accurate GCP, insert a high Accuracy value.
12. For more information about the GCP table properties: GCP / Manual Tie Point Table.
13. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for the rest of the GCPs.
14. On the GCP/MTP Manager window, click OK.
15. (optional) Select the Coordinates Order: By default, X, Y, Z (Longitude, Latitude,
Altitude) is selected. It is possible to change to Y ,X, Z (Latitude, Longitude, Altitude).
For more information: Input files.
16. Click Browse... to navigate to the GCP file.
17. Select the GCP file.
18. Click Open.
19. (optional) Insert the Accuracy (for 2D GCP Accuracy Horz, and for 3D GCP Accuracy
Horz and/or Accuracy Vert):
20. Double-click on the Accuracy Horz/Vert cell of the point.
21. Type the Accuracy of the point:
 For very accurate GCP, insert a low Accuracy value.
 For non-accurate GCP, insert a high Accuracy value.
22. For more information about the GCP table properties: GCP / Manual Tie Point Table.
23. On the GCP/MTP Manager window, click OK.
RESULT: Thus the orthomosaic of the study area is created
EX NO: Generate 3d model of given drone image

DATE:

AIM
To generate 3d model of given drone image.

Procedure
Three main processes make up the image processing process according to PIX4D mapper. They
are:
Initial Processing: PIX4Dmapper calculates the images' important points initially. It creates
the quality report for this stage by using these crucial elements to identify picture matches. The
following sub-steps are part of the first processing step:
a) Image Import: Bringing the pictures into the program is the initial stage. You can accomplish
this by choosing the folder that has the pictures in it.
b) Calibration: After that, the program examines the pictures to ascertain the internal and
exterior camera settings, including principle point, focal length, and lens distortion.
c) Image Orientation: Each image's position and orientation are determined by the program
using the camera's settings.
d) Image Matching: The software then creates tie points, which are used to align the photos, by
matching common features between them.
e) Point Cloud Generation: Lastly, the software uses the matched photos to create a 3D point
cloud.
Increasing the density of 3D points in the 3D model calculated in step 1 through the Point
Cloud and Mesh stage improves accuracy for both the Orthomosaic and the DSM. The
following sub-steps are part of the point cloud and mesh step:
a) Point Cloud Cleaning: Any erroneous or outlier points are eliminated from the point cloud
by the software.
b) Point Cloud Classification: The program groups the points according to their location and
attributes, including buildings, plants, ground, and so on.
c) Creation of the Digital Surface Model (DSM): Using the identified points, the software
creates a DSM.
d) Mesh Generation: Using the DSM and point cloud, the software creates a mesh surface.
RESULT
Thus the 3D mesh model is created.
EX NO: Create contour map from the given ortho mosaic

DATE:
AIM: To create contour map from the given ortho mosaic

PROCEDURE

1. On the menu bar, click Process > Processing Options...

2. Click 3. DSM, Orthomosaic and Index.

3. Select the tab DSM and Orthomosaic.

4. In the section Raster DSM, make sure that GeoTIFF and Merge Tiles are selected.

5. Select the tab Additional Outputs.

6. In the section Contour Lines, check the box next to the desired output format(s).

7. If necessary, change the Elevation Interval [unit], Resolution [cm] and Minimum Line
Size [vertices] values. For more information about the contour lines options: Menu
Process > Processing Options... > 3. DSM, Orthomosaic and Index > Additional
Outputs.

8. Click OK.

9. On the menu bar, click View > Processing.

10. Check the box next to 3. DSM, Orthomosaic and Index.

11. Click Start.

12. On the menu bar, click Process > Processing Options.

13. Click 3. DSM, orthomosaic and Index.

14. Click the tab Additional outputs.

15. Under the section Contour Lines, check the box next to one or several file formats

16. [if necessary] Under the section Contour Lines, select values for Elevation Interval
[m], Resolution, and Minimum Line Size [vertices].

17. On the menu bar, click Process > Generate contour lines (DSM) or
click Process > Generate contour lines (DTM)
RESULT
Thus the contour map was generated from Digital terrain model.