Empowerment Technology Report – Last Group

UNIT 6: Image Manipulation Techniques

(SINLAO)

Image

An Image is a representation of something that conveys meaning, like photographs, paintings, drawings,
illustrations, sculptures, abstracts, and etc. Many of us are confused with photos, pictures, and images
when in fact, photos and pictures are examples of images. “Photo” is just a short term for photograph,
which is a type of picture, while a picture is a representation of imagined imagery, a person, or
landscape, whatever format it may be.

Images such as pictures, sculptures, paintings, illustrations, drawings, or even photographs are more
likely the tangible aspects of an image. However, in the twenty-first century, we rarely use tangible
images. Instead we now upload images from our computers to make memorabilia that does not fade.
Whether in hard copy (tangible form) or soft copy

Images can be classified into two categories of file formats: Printable file format and Online file format:

Printable file format are image formats that may be uploaded to the internet and can be printed out
into hard copies. This format may be flexible but it has limitations in terms of its quality. Meanwhile,

Some file formats may not be suitable for printing. Not all file formats are printable but all file formats
can be used online. And so, most of the file formats that will be mentioned later in the presentation, can
also be considered as Online file format. However these may have some technical limitations when it
comes to web usage

(VIDAL)

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG)

JPEG refers to the file format of a still and flat image. It is a format in which still pictures are saved.
Digital pictures such as photographs are usually saved with the .jpg or .jpeg file extension, this may also
be used as an online file format, but this can produce low quality images unless a high definition camera
was used to take jpeg images
Portable Network Graphics (PNG)

PNG is a raster graphic file format that has higher resolution than JPEG. This means that even if the
image is resized, its quality will not be reduced. This image file format is usually produced using editing
software. And so, it may produce more detailed and higher resolution images that will display lively
colors when printed

Portable Document Format (PDF)

PDF is a file format through which a word processed document, spreadsheet, and even presentations
may be converted into an image file format. The files can still be read as documents without the use of
desktop computers. Although this file format cannot be edited, it can still be read as an electronic book
(e-book)

Encapsulated Portscript (EPS)

EPS is a file format for images printed on media such as billboards. It contains vector graphics, which
means the image will not lose quality even when greatly enlarged. EPS is similar to PNG but EPS quality
is higher than PNG when printed on large-scale media

Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)

TIFF Or TIF is a file format that is used for raw files that came from film cameras. It has a transparent
background so the colors come out more beautiful and alive. It is also the file format for scanned raw
images. This format is rarely used for uploading online because of its high file size, which makes it
difficult for most web pages and websites to render. However, it is the preferred format for company
logos.

(ORTIZ)

Graphic Interchange Format (GIF)

As the name implies, GIF refers to the graphic file format that allows movements. When an image is
blinking, changing shapes and colors, or even changing its movement, most probably its file format is
GIF. These may be seen on stickers inserted in the comment sections of Facebook, or any other sites and
messaging applications

Bitmap (BMP)

Bitmap or Simply BMP refers to a file format for colors per pixel. It is basically used to create animated
characters in low resolution in which pixels are shown. One of the most common uses of bitmap
graphics are 2-Dimensional images used to animate low definition games. Ad it is in low definition, each
colored pixel used to form the image is clearly visible.

As you can see in the sample above, boxes are filled with with colors to form an image. All file formats
use pixels but bitmap images have clearly visible pixels. In addition, bitmap has a small file size, which
low definition games need in order to render graphics quickly

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)

SVG is the most commonly used file format in web pages and websites. It is made up of extensible
markup language based vector graphics that can be manipulated with any text editors as well as
drawings and image editing software. This file format is suitable for graphics used to design web pages.
Usually, icon graphics are saved as an .svg file so the image would be seen on the tab of the web pages

Principles of Image Manipulation

Manipulating images is just the same as creating presentations. However, some create or edit images for
fun, without knowing the principles on how they can manipulate images to make them presentable and
decent without violating any rules in netiquette. And so, photo editing professionals set guidelines to
show the beauty if images and to enhance the image quality of certain graphics or images

Editing Application Software

Finding and choosing the best editing software is helpful for manipulating images. Many of us took for
the best editing software but do not consider our ability to utilize such applications. The best thing to do
is to assess whether that applications software is comfortable to use and how familiar you are with it

File Format

You are familiar with the different image file format given. Therefore, you should be able to identify the
right file format to use when manipulating images. You should not combine different image file formats
because of heir properties are different from one another

Uploading or Printing

As explained above, printing and uploading are different from each other. Thus, determining the use of
the image might be helpful when manipulating it. There are instances when we might need to compress
the image in order to upload to the internet, or we might need to set the images to high definition in
order to print them on billboards
Themes and Motifs

Themes are very important in manipulating images. Graphics must be put together to create unified and
meaningful imagery. Various themes and motifs can arise during brainstorming, but the most
appropriate themes and motifs should be used to justify the meaning of the imagery

Symbolism

Symbols are representations of something meaningful. Therefore, an Image must have objects that
symbolize people or things to make it meaningful and memorable

Parallelism

Parallelism shows the balance between the main object, the foreground and the the background of an
image. This will help you determine whether the main object on the image is more noticeable that is
foreground our background

Contrast

Contrast is determined by the difference in color intensity and brightness to make certain objects in the
image noticeable. This principle is applicable not only in web applications but also in all aspects of
artistry. This shows the beauty of the objects in focus rather than the background

Harmony

All objects in an image must have harmony. These should complement each other to bring unity to all
aspects of the image. In addition, lines and shapes should be harmonious in such a way that the image
will look lighter rather than elicit a heavy feeling

Proportion

Just like parallelism, the proportion of every image combined must be considered too. Remember the
terms asymmetrical and symmetrical? This should be considered when manipulating images as well