Scribd
Upload
7 views6 pages

Viscosity and Surface Tension

The document outlines two experiments: the first determines the viscosity of a liquid using an Ostwald's viscometer, and the second measures the surface tension of a liquid using a stalagmometer. Each experiment includes a detailed theory, procedure, observation table, calculation methods, and precautions to ensure accuracy. Results for both experiments are to be recorded, including viscosity in poise and surface tension in dynes/cm.

Uploaded by

p42477758
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
7 views6 pages

Viscosity and Surface Tension

The document outlines two experiments: the first determines the viscosity of a liquid using an Ostwald's viscometer, and the second measures the surface tension of a liquid using a stalagmometer. Each experiment includes a detailed theory, procedure, observation table, calculation methods, and precautions to ensure accuracy. Results for both experiments are to be recorded, including viscosity in poise and surface tension in dynes/cm.

Uploaded by

p42477758
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

EXPERIMENT NO.

Object: To determine the viscosity of the given liquid at room temperature by Ostwald s Viscometer.

Apparatus: Ostwald s Viscometer, beaker, R.D. bottle, Stop watch

Theory:
produced by the shearing effect of moving one layer of the fluid past another. When a liquid is in the
laminar flow through a tube the layer close to the surface of the tube is almost stationary and the layer
at the axis of the tube moves faster than any other layer. A slow moving layer exerts a friction on its
nearest layer. The measurement of the viscos s Viscometer

is based on Poiseuille s equation,

radius and length l under a pressure head of .

Where h = height, d= density and g = acceleration due to gravity.

If equal volume of two liquids are allowed to flow through the same capillary under the identical conditions,

where , d1 = density of Solvent


d2 = density of given solution
1 = viscosity of solvent
2 = viscosity of given
solutiont1 = time flow of
solvent
t2 = time flow of given solution
Procedure:
1) Clean the Ostwald s viscometer first with chromic acid and then wash thoroughly with
distilled water.
2) A sufficient volume of solvent is introduced in bulb B so that the bent portion of
tube and half or a little more than a half of bulb B is filled up.
3) Clamp the viscometer in quite vertical position.
4) Through upper arm of bulb A, suck up solvent until it rises above the upper mark C and
allow it to flow under its own weight.
5) The time of flow of solvent from C to D is continued by starting the stop watch as the
Meniscus just reaches upper mark C and stopping the watch as the meniscus just passes the
lower mark D.
6) Take at least three reading for solvent .
7) Now clean the viscometer and dry it.
8) Repeat the whole procedure for the given solution.
9) The density of given solution can be calculated by R.D. bottle.

Observation Table:

Solvent Given Solution


S.No.
Flow time between Mean (t1) Flow time between Mean (t2)
C& D C& D
1.
2.
3.
4.

Room temperature = ------- 0C


Density measurement of liquid:
Mass of empty R.D. bottle (w1) = ----------gm
Mass of R.D. bottle with solvent(w2) = --------- gm
Mass of R.D. bottle with solution (w3) = --------- gm
Mass of solvent (w2- w1) = --------- gm
Mass of solutions (w3- w1) = --------- gm
Calculation:
Density of solvent at the room temperature =--------- gm/cm3
The viscosity of solvent at the room temperature = --------- poise

Result: The viscosity of the given solution at the room temperature is ------ poise.

Precautions:
1. The viscometer must be cleaned and dried properly before use.
2. The viscometer should be kept in a vertical position.
3. The flow time should be noted carefully.
4. Formation of air bubbles in the viscometer should be avoided.
EXPERIMENT NO.5

Object To determine the surface tension of the given liquid at room temperature by
stalagmometer.

Requirements Stalagmometer, Distilled Water, Unknown liquid, Clamp stand, Specific


gravity bottle etc.

Principle The surface tension of the given liquid is determined at the room temperature
by using stalagmometer. The numbers of drops for the same volume of distilled
water and the given liquid are counted and let these be as n 1 and n2
respectively. Now if d1 and d2 are densities of water and given liquid at the
room temperature as determined separately by using specific gravity bottle ,
then the surface-tension y2 of the given liquid can be calculated by using the
1 2 = n2/n1 . d1/d2

Procedure 1. Cleaned the stalagmometer and specific gravity bottle thoroughly first with
chromic acid solution and wash finally with distilled Water and then dry.

2. By immersing lower end in a beaker containing distilled water, suck up


water until it rises above the mark C.

3. Now allow the liquid drops to fall and count it.

4. Clean the stalagmometer and dry it. Fill it with liquid it rises above the upper
mark C and count the number of drops as before.

5. Clean and dry the specific gravity bottle and measure the density of liquid.
Observations-

Room Temperature = ------------ 0C.

Density of water at room temp. (d1) = -------- gm/cm3

Surface tension of water at room temp. (y1) = 72.14 dynes/cm

S. No. Water Given Liquid

No. of drops Mean (n1) No. of drops Mean (n2)

1.

2.

3.

Calculation :

Measurement of Density of Solution

1. Weight of empty specific gravity bottle = w1 gm


2. Weight of bottle + water = w2 gm
3. Weight of bottle + Some volume of liquid = w3 gm

Density of the given liquid (d2) = (w3 w1/ w2 w1) X d1

1 2 = n2/n1 . d2/d1.

2 1 . n1/n2 . d2/d1.

1 = surface tension of water at room temperature.

1,
n1, n2, d1 and d2 the surface- tension of the given liquid at room
temperature thus becomes known.
Result: The surface tension of liquid at room temperature is ------------- (dynes/cm).

Precautions: 1. The stalagmometerr and specific gravity bottle should be cleaned properly
and dried before use.

2. Fit the stalagmometer vertically.

3. The rate of the fall of drops should be adjusted in a way of having interval of
at last 2-3 seconds in successive drops. The number of drops per minute must be
in between 15-20.

4. The drops should fall from the tip of the stalagamometer under their own
weight rather than pushing them by force.

5. Wash and dry the stalagmometer after use.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy