I9-cos

d dx loge dr
(sin x
loge x n+1
x)
J+1)
x)
cos = =a,a>0,+1
a
sin = ,ne-1 1
X
x

’cos ’e ’
sin 1
x dx dx
drx dx
loge a =e loge = +1n
= =- a
sin |x|
+C -+C,n#-1
cos +C
x+C
x +C
+C

followingthe
 MATHEM ATICS
5.2

(vii) d (tan a) sec se0xdx =tan x+c

d (-0t)ecosecx
(viii) dx cosee xdx =-cot x+C

(sec x) sec x tan x secxtan x dx= sec x +C

(x)(-00s0c a) =cosec xcot x cosec xcot x dx =-cosec X +C

(i)
dx
(log sin a) =cot x cot xdx =log|sin x|+C
(xi)(-log cos x) =tan x tan xdx =-log|cos x +C
dx

(xii) (log (secx+ tan )) =sec x secx dx =log|sec x+ tan x+C

dx

(iv)log (cosec x- cot ) =cosec x cosec xdx =log| cosec x- cot x|+C
1
(cv) dx = sin

1 1
(vi) dx = cos

1 1
(ovii) dx - tan
a

1
(xvii)
doca cot dx cot
1 1
(xix) dx =sec
x
1 1
(ox) dx = cOSec
a

integrandin
3. ( ) Í
f) dx|= f() ie. the differentiation ofan integral is the
or differentiation and integration are inverse
operations.
(ii) kf() dx =k f() dx, where kis aconstant.
curves hu
4. The indefiníte integral of a function represents geometrically a family of the
to
parallel tangents at their points of integration with the lines orthogonal
representing the variable of integration.
5. Following are methods of integration:
i) Integration by substitution.
(iii) Integration by partial fractions,
() Integration by parts
weyation by Substithution: If
(*) is 1

)8() dx=]0 d, where () =t aand (x) dr continuously differentiable function, the

sR0d() +C,then =dt
tR+) dr =; (ar+b) adx = f(ax +b) d(ax +b)
obtain
Thus, we the following formulae:

a(n+1) +C,n*-1
1
dr=n| ax +b|+c
1

1 b* +c
ln a -+C,a>0 and a1
()sin (2x+ b) dx =-cos (ax +b) +C
(vi)cos (ax +b) dx =sin (ax +b) +C
(v)se (ax +b) dx = a tan (ax +b) +C
1
(vii) cOsec (ax+b) dx =-- cot (ax +b) +C

()sec(ax +b) tan (ax +b) dx = -sec (ax + b) +C

1
9cosec (ax +b) cot (ax +b) dx =-- cosec (ax +b) +C
) tan (ax + b) dx =-In cos (ax + b)|+C
1
) cot(ax +b) dx =-In| sin (ax + b)| +C
sec (ax + b) dx =-In sec (ax +b) +tan (ax +b)|+C

cosec (ax +b) dx =-In| cosec(ax +b)) - cot (ax +b)| +C.
special integrals: 1 dr= l
" d x = tanl+c 2a

dr =sin C
2a |a-x +C
15.4

Na?-
2
sin -1X
MATHEMATto
2
1-a
2 In x+1 +C
2 2

Integration by Parts:
i) Ifuand vare two functions, then

ie. The integral of the product of two functions

= (First function) x (Integral of second function) - Integral of (Dite
tiation offirst function x (Integral of second function)
NOTE1 Proper choice offirst and second function
Integration with the help of theabove rule is called the integration by parts. lnthe abocerei
two terms on RHS and in both the terms the integral of the second fiunction is imtOlrt e
ho noduct o aiso Gio