Department of Civil Engineeriny EXPERIMENT NO- 6 AIM: Determination of elevation of various points with dumpy level by collimation plane method and rise & fall method. APPARATUS: Dumpy level, leveling staff Figure:- RETICLE ADUUSTING. SCREW SUN SHADE evediece, AZIMUTH TANGENT AZIMUTH CLAM ‘ScREW roormuate Dumpy Level THEORY: Levelling: The art of determining and representing the relative height or elevation of different object/points on the surface of earth is called leveling. It deals with measurement in vertical plane. By leveling operation, the relative position of two points is known whether the points are near or far off. Similarly, the point at different elevation with respect to a given datum can be established by leveling. LEVELLING INSTRUMENTS:- The instrument which are directly used for leveling operation are:- Level, Levelling staff Level: - An instrument which is used for observing staff reading on leveling staff kept over different points after creating a line of sight is called a level. survey-1 jie Department of Civil Engineering | The difference in elevation between the point then can worked out. A level essentially Consists of the following points: 1) Levelling Heads 2) Limb plate 3) Telescope Telescope consists of two tubes, one slide into the other and fitted with lens and diaphragm having cross hairs. it creates a line of sight by which the reading on the staff is taken The essential parts of a telescope are 1) body 2) object glass 3)Eye-piece 4) Diaphragm 5) Ray shade 6) The rack and pinion arrangement 7) Focusing screw 8) Diaphragm screw. 4) Bubble tube 5) Tripod stand Dumpy level: The dumpy level is simple, compact and stable instrument. The telescope is rigidly fixed to its supports. Hence it cannot be rotated about its Longitudinal axis or cannot be removed from its support. The name dumpy is because of its compact and stable construction. The axis of telescope is perpendicular to the vertical axis of the level. The level tube is permanently placed so that its axis lies in the same vertical plane of the telescope but it is adjustable by means of captain head not at one end. The ray shade is provided to protect the object glass. A clamp and slow motion screw are provided in modem level to control the movement of spindle, about the vertical axis. The telescope has magnifying power of about thirty diameters: The level tube is graduated to 2mm divisions and it has normally a sensitiveness of 20 Survey-1r Department of Civil Engineering seconds of are per graduation. The telescope may be internally focusing or external Focusing type. ‘Adjustment of the level The level needs two type of adjustment 1) Temporary adjustment and 2) Permanent adjustment Temporary adjustments of dumpy level These adjustments are performed at each set-up the level before taking any observation. A) Setting up the level:- this includes 1) Fixing the instrument in the tripod:- the tripod legs are well spread on the ground with tripod head nearly level and at convenient height. Fix up the level on the tripod. 2) Leg adjustment: Bring alll the foot screws of the level in the centre of their run .Fix any two legs firmly into the ground by pressing them with hand and move the third leg to leg to right or left until the main bubble is roughly in the centre. Finally the legs is fixed after centering approximately both bubbles. This operation will save the time required for leveling. B) Levelling: - Levelling is done with the help of foot screws and bubbles. The purpose of levelling is to make the vertical axis truly vertical. The method of leveling the instrument depends upon whether there are three foot screws or four foot screws. In all modern instruments three foot screws are provided and this method only is described. Survey-11) The plane of collimation system (H.I. method) In this system, the R.L. of plane of collimation (H.) is found out for every set-up of the level and then the reduced levels of the points are worked out with the respective plane of collimation as described below. 1) Determine the R.L. of plane of collimation for the first set up of the level by adding B.S. to the R.L. of B.M. i.e( R.L of plane of collimation= R.L. of B.M.+B.S.) 2) Obtained the R.L. of the intermediate points and first change point by subtracting the staff readings (I.S. and F.S. from the R.L. of plane of collimation (HI). (R.L. of a point=R.L of plane of collimation H.1.-I.S or F.S)it i Department of Civil Engineering 3) When the insirument is shifted and set up at new position a new plane of collimation is determined by addition of B.S. to the R.L of change point. Thus the levels from two set-ups of the instruments can be correlated by means of B.S. and F.S. taken on C.P. 4) Find out the R.L.s of the successive points and the second C.P. by subtracting their staff readings from this plane of collimation R.L. 5) Repeat the procedure until all the R.Ls are worked out. >bservation table:- Readin: R.L. of plane Reduced | Remarks Station | B.S 1s FS | collimation Level (H.1) Arithmetical check: The difference between the sum of the back sights and the sum of the fore sights should be equal to the difference between the last and first reduced levels. ie YBS- TF: = LAST R.L-FIRST RL