API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

API® TECHNICAL DATA BOOK

9th Edition

INTRODUCTION

Ninth Edition (2013)

© 2013, The American Petroleum Institute and EPCON International - All Rights Reserved
 API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: General Data

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors .................................................................................................................... 2
Letter Symbols Used in Chemical Engineering .................................................................................................................... 13
Property Definitions .............................................................................................................................................................. 19
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 27

Chapter 2: Characterization
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Characterization Factors of Pure Hydrocarbons...................................................................................................................... 8
Characterization Factors of Petroleum Fractions .................................................................................................................. 11
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 53

Chapter 3: Distillation Interconversions

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
ASTM, True Boiling Point and Simulated Distillation Relationships ..................................................................................... 6
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 22

Chapter 4: Critical Properties

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ............................................................................................................................................................... 12
Critical Properties for Pure Hydrocarbons ............................................................................................................................ 13
Critical Properties of Defined Mixtures ................................................................................................................................ 24
Critical Properties of Natural Gases ...................................................................................................................................... 51
Critical Properties of Petroleum Fractions ............................................................................................................................ 55
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 72

Chapter 5: Vapor Pressure

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Vapor Pressures ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Reid Vapor Pressure and True Vapor Pressure ..................................................................................................................... 44
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 56

Chapter 6: Density
Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Density of Liquid Systems ...................................................................................................................................................... 5
Density of Gas Systems ........................................................................................................................................................ 34
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 48

Chapter 7: Thermal Properties

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Thermal Properties of Pure Ideal Gases .................................................................................................................................. 8
Enthalpy of Liquids and Real Gases ..................................................................................................................................... 29
Heat of Vaporization ............................................................................................................................................................. 80
Heat Capacity of Liquids and Real Gases ............................................................................................................................. 98
Heat Capacity Ratio of Liquids and Real Gases ................................................................................................................. 133
Entropy of Liquids and Real Gases ..................................................................................................................................... 148
Fugacity Coefficient of Pure Hydrocarbons ........................................................................................................................ 163
Thermodynamic Effects in Reacting Systems..................................................................................................................... 171
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................................... 179

Introduction - ii
 API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

Chapter 8: Vapor Liquid Equilibrium

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Graphical Procedures for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium K-Values for Hydrocarbon Systems .................................................... 5
Graphical Procedures for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium K-Values for Systems Containing Hydrocarbons and Hydrogen ...... 36
Graphical Procedures for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium K-Values for Systems Containing Hydrocarbons and Non-
hydrocarbon Gases ................................................................................................................................................................ 49
Computer Methods for Hydrocarbon, Non-hydrocarbon, and Petroleum Fraction Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium K-Values .... 54
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 75

Chapter 9: Aqueous Phase Equilibria

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ............................................................................................................................................................... 43
Vapor-Liquid Equilibria in Systems Containing Water ........................................................................................................ 44
Gas Hydrates ....................................................................................................................................................................... 102
Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................................... 123

Chapter 10 - Surface and Interfacial Tension

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Surface Tension ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Interfacial Tension ................................................................................................................................................................ 31
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 37

Chapter 11: Viscosity

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Viscosity of Liquid Systems ................................................................................................................................................... 6
Viscosity of Gaseous Hydrocarbons ..................................................................................................................................... 65
Viscosity of Non-Hydrocarbons ........................................................................................................................................... 85
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 90

Chapter 12: Thermal Conductivity

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbon System ........................................................................................................... 7
Thermal Conductivity of Gaseous Hydrocarbon Systems..................................................................................................... 27
Thermal Conductivity of Non-Hydrocarbons ....................................................................................................................... 42
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 57

Chapter 13: Diffusivity

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Diffusivity in Liquid Systems ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Diffusivity in Gas Systems ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Diffusivity in Gas-Liquid Systems........................................................................................................................................ 24
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Chapter 14: Combustion

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Heats of Combustion............................................................................................................................................................... 6
Heat Available from Combustion of Refinery Gases and Liquid Fuels ................................................................................ 13
Enthalpy of Flue Gas Components ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Gross/Net Calorific Value of Solid Fuels ............................................................................................................................. 26
Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 28

Chapter 15: Absorption Equilibria

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Computer Methods ............................................................................................................................................................... 11
Pure Gas Adsorption ............................................................................................................................................................. 12
Gas-Mixture Adsorption ....................................................................................................................................................... 42

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 API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

Liquid-Mixture Adsorption ................................................................................................................................................... 58

Bibliography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 74

Chapter 16: Software Applications

Unit Conversions .................................................................................................................................................................... 1
Characterization and Petro Fraction Properties ..................................................................................................................... 11
Distillation Interconversions ................................................................................................................................................. 20
Pure Component Properties .................................................................................................................................................. 28
Pseudo Component Generator .............................................................................................................................................. 37
Flash/Mixture Calculations ................................................................................................................................................... 40
Flowsheeting ......................................................................................................................................................................... 49
Property Estimation .............................................................................................................................................................. 59
Utility Programs .................................................................................................................................................................... 88
Physical Properties ................................................................................................................................................................ 95
Equations of State and Property Methods ............................................................................................................................. 98
Thermodynamic Properties ................................................................................................................................................. 102
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium .................................................................................................................................................. 108

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API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

Special Notes to the Ninth Edition

API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature. With respect
to particular circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should
be reviewed.
Neither API nor any of API’s employees, subcontractors, consultants,
committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either
express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or
usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or
responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or
process disclosed in this publication. Neither API nor any of API’s
employees, subcontractors, consultants, or other assignees represent that
use of this publication would not infringe upon privately owned rights.
API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has
been made by the Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data
contained in them; however, the Institute makes no representation, warranty, or
guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims
any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the
violation of any authorities having jurisdiction with which this publication may
conflict.
API publications are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven,
sound engineering and operating practices. These publications are not
intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment
regarding when and where these publications should be utilized. The
formulation and publication of API publications is not intended in any way
to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.

Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the

marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying
with all the applicable requirements of that standard. API does not represent,
warrant, or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable
API standard.

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a

retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written
permission from the publisher. Contact the Publisher, API Publishing
Services, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.

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 API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

API Forward to the Ninth Edition

Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any
right, by implication or otherwise, for the manufacture, sale, or use of any
method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent. Neither should anything
contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for
infringement of letters patent.
This document was produced under API standardization procedures that
ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental
process and is designated as an API standard. Questions concerning the
interpretation of the content of this publication or comments and questions
concerning the procedures under which this publication was developed
should be directed in writing to the Director of Standards, American
Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the
material published herein should also be addressed to the director.
Generally, API standards are reviewed and revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn at
least every five years. A one-time extension of up to two years may be added to
this review cycle. Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API
Standards Department, telephone (202) 682-8000. A catalog of API publications
and materials is published annually and updated quarterly by API, 1220 L Street,
N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Standards and
Publications Department, API, 1220 L Street, NW, Washington, DC 20005,
standards@api.org.
The project that resulted in the publication of the Technical Data Book was
initiated as a result of a general recognition by the petroleum refining
industry of the desirability of an authoritative publication setting forth a
collection of correlations and methods for estimating physical properties
that are used in process design.

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 API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

Introduction
API, the API Technical Data Committee, and EPCON International are pleased
to provide the publication of the 9th Edition of the essential API Tech Data
Book. API has sponsored this important flagship project since the first edition
of the API Tech Data Book was released in 1966. For 40 years, the project has
been managed by the API Technical Data committee, whose members include
the petroleum industry's leading experts in thermodynamics and chemical
engineering. API member companies and EPCON International have worked
on improving the API Technical Data Book into a full electronic software and
printed reference manual product over the past 15 years for the benefit of
refinery engineers. This is one of the many projects that API is pursuing to
benefit its member companies.
Included is a property simulation software package with rigorous 3-phase
flash capabilities that delivers over 130 API recommended methods. The Data
Book Explorer software interface enables quick searching of any text or phase
within a specific chapter of the Data Book with single click access for direct
calculation of these API methods within the property simulation software.
The purpose of the API Technical Data Book is to provide a critically reviewed
compilation of the physical and thermodynamic data and correlations that are of
most interest to petroleum refiners for practical application to process evaluation
and equipment design. Chapters on the following topics are provided in
electronic, searchable format along with software applications for
implementation of recommended Data Book methods.
Introduction
Chapter 1 - General Data
Chapter 2 - Characterization of Hydrocarbons
Chapter 3 - Petroleum Fraction Distillation Interconversions
Chapter 4 - Critical Properties
Chapter 5 - Vapor Pressure
Chapter 6 – Density
Chapter 7 - Thermal Properties
Chapter 8 - Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium K-Values
Chapter 9 - Phase Equilibria in Systems Containing Water
Chapter 10 - Surface and Interfacial Tension
Chapter 11 - Viscosity
Chapter 12 - Thermal Conductivity
Chapter 13 - Diffusivity
Chapter 14 - Combustion
Chapter 15 - Adsorption Equilibria
Chapter 16 – Software Applications
The API Technical Data Book concentrates on hydrocarbons and their mixtures.
Non-hydrocarbon gases and some oxygenated compounds important in
petroleum processing are included where appropriate. Hydrocarbon systems
are divided into three groups: those in the pure state, petroleum mixtures for
which the compositions of all the species are known (defined mixtures),
and mixtures whose composition is unknown (undefined mixtures). The
undefined mixtures must usually be characterized by one or more measured
physical properties, such as density, molecular weight, viscosity, and ASTM
distillation, which reflect their constitution. Obviously the treatments for these
three classifications differ; thus, separate methods are given for each. Predictions
for defined mixtures can often be made using correlations for undefined

Introduction - 1
 API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

mixtures, but this procedure is rarely recommended.

Although some methods can be done with hand calculators, computer
methods have been developed as the primary, recommended methods.
Procedures are equation based, but many are also presented as figures to help
illustrate these procedures and for use in educational forums. Computer methods
are included for essentially all critical, volumetric, and thermodynamic properties
discussed. The Data Book Explorer interface environment provides for quick
searching and navigation of the API Technical Data Book in electronic PDF
format with direct links to the computer methods that implement these
procedures.

Data Book Organization

Each chapter is devoted to a single property or group of related properties.
Within the chapters, further divisions in sections and subsections are made
according to the property (when more than one is given in a chapter), the
phase, and the state of the hydrocarbon (pure, defined mixture, or undefined
mixture). Generally, non-hydrocarbons are covered in a section different from
the one in which the corresponding treatment for hydrocarbons is given. Titles
for the subdivisions are given in the table of contents of each chapter.
Chapter 1, "General Data," contains information on conversion factors and
pure component properties.
In Chapters 2-15, for numbering purposes, the figures, tables, and procedures
that are to be used to calculate values are not treated separately according to
kind but are numbered serially in order of presentation, whether Figure,
Table, or Procedure. In the designation "Figure 12B1.3," for example, "12" is
the chapter number, "B" is the section designation, "1" is the subsection
number, and "3" indicates the third exhibit from the subsection.
Comments are typically given for each figure or procedure and are normally
located on the following pages. For groups of related figures, comments are
given following the last figure only. Where tables and figures are used as part
of a procedure, the procedure and comments for the entire unit are given first,
followed by the supporting exhibits (which have no individual comments).
Included in the procedure and comments sections are some or all of the
following sub-sections (shown as bold blue font in the Data Book):
 Discussion
 Procedure
 Purpose
 Limitations
 Reliability
 Notation
 Special Comments
 Literatures Sources
 Examples
To help avoid any errors or difficulties in using the Data Book correlations, it
is recommended to review the Comments and Examples sections to understand
their implementation and application. References to other chapters are usually
no more specific than the chapter number.

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API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

Data Book Accuracy

Neither the availability of many correlations nor the endorsement of one or
more of them in this book implies that any of them is totally satisfactory for all
conditions of temperature, pressure, phase, composition, and hydrocarbon
type. The selections were based on the available data, tempered by scientific
and engineering judgment. There is no guarantee that any of the methods will
be reliable for unusual compounds or conditions, and the user is cautioned
against blind faith and particularly against being deceived by the rigorous
appearance of a complicated correlation. The user is cautioned against using
any of the methods outside the conditions stated in the limitations section.
Many more experimental data are needed before our correlative knowledge
can be described as complete. In spite of these shortcomings, the selected
correlations are believed to be the best compromise among accuracy,
generality, internal consistency, and ease of use that can be obtained from the
readily available methods and data.

Participation in the Development of API Standards

The ongoing work of the API Technical Data Committee relies on volunteer
efforts by its committee members through the support of API member
companies. Your company’s participation is encouraged in the ongoing
development and improvement of this important API standard. Though this
joint, collaborative efforts, API is able to provide the best possible data and
methods to further the profitability and safety of the refining industry.
For further information on how you can participate in the development of API
Standards on behalf of your company, contact the American Petroleum
Institute at 202-682-8000 (www.api.org).
For technical support and ordering information on the API Technical Data
Book, 9th Edition, contact EPCON International at 800-367-3585, 281-398-
9400 (www.epcon.com).

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 API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

Development Summary

First Edition (1966)

The preparation of the first edition of the API Technical Data Book covered
a period of more than four years from 1959 to 1964. During that time, the
work of the Penn State staff, led by the late Dr. M. R. Fenske, Dr. W. G.
Braun, and Mr. W. H. Thompson, was guided and coordinated by the API
Subcommittee on Technical Data with assistance from the Contractors'
Advisory Subcommittee, under the sponsorship of the API Refining
Department. [For more details, see A. S. Lehmann, "API Technical Data Book
Project," Proc. AP144(III) 278 (1964). The general pattern followed by Penn
State in preparing each phase of each section of the book is outlined below:
The literature was searched for pertinent data and correlations. When there
were many applicable correlations, some were eliminated from further
consideration on the basis of such factors as complexity, lack of generality,
failure to be internally consistent, and available of improved forms.
A set of data was assembled for comparison with the predictions of the
correlations. The correlations were evaluated for accuracy, generality, ease of
use and other characteristics. The evaluation results, conclusions and
recommendations were reported to the subcommittees for review.
Occasionally, reevaluations or further checking was performed, based on
comments from the reviewers.
The recommended data and correlations, along with descriptive comments,
were prepared in final form for subcommittee review. The draft chapters were
modified to satisfy reviewers' criticisms and were submitted for publication.
As implied, no attempt was made to develop new correlations for the first
edition of the API Technical Data Book.
During the literature searches, approximately 10,000 articles were reviewed.
Of these, 3000 were useful enough to include in reports, and approximately 750
are cited in the book. Four bibliographies of data were prepared and published
as incidental by-products of this effort:
Fenske, M. R., Braun, W. G., Holmes, A. S., Bibliography of Vapor-Liquid
Equilibrium Data for Hydrocarbon Systems Bibliography No. 1, Am Petrol.
Inst., New York (1963).
Holmes, A. S., Braun, W. G., Fenske, M. R., Bibliography of Vapor Pressure
Data for
Hydrocarbons, Bibliography No. 2, Am. Petrol. Inst., New York (1964).
Jeter, L. T., Thompson, W. H., Braun, W. G., Fenske, M. R., Bibliography of
Volumetric and Thermodynamic Data for Pure Hydrocarbons and Their
Mixtures, Bibliography No. 3, Am. Petrol. Inst., New York (1964).
Wilson, R. F., Thompson, W. H., Braun, W. G., Fenske, M. R., Bibliography
of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data for Hydrocarbon-Nonhydrocarbon Gas
Systems, Bibliography No. 4, Am Petrol. Inst., New York (1964).
These bibliographies, documentation reports (see below), and the tables of
data issued by API Research Project 44 extended the usefulness of this book to
unusual hydrocarbons and systems.
One of the most difficult tasks was narrowing the evaluations to reasonable sizes,

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API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

consistent with the importance of the property under consideration and the
available time and funds. It was neither possible nor justifiable, for example, to
examine in detail all of the more than 80 correlations that are available for the
vapor pressure or the heat of vaporization of pure hydrocarbons. For many
properties, extensive data bases have been assembled.
Selecting a single method for use with all hydrocarbons at all temperatures
and pressures was often difficult because different correlations normally
excelled in different areas. Furthermore, the results of error analyses were
occasionally complicated, for example, when different correlations were
applicable to different groups of data points and the difficulty of the non-common
points varied. If only common data points were compared, the set was usually so
small and restricted that the effects of temperature, pressure, system, and /or
hydrocarbon type could not be studied. The intangible criteria of generality and
ease of use were always considered, along with the more concrete error
analysis results.
Although there were usually too many applicable correlations, occasionally
none were available for technically important circumstances. Notable
examples of this are correlations for mixtures containing hydrogen or high
concentrations of unsaturated or aromatic hydrocarbons. Methods are given for
these mixtures, but data were rarely available to confirm the methods' validity.
After the evaluations were completed, the results and recommendations
were reported to the subcommittee members in 85 different documents,
including 29 formal reports. Fourteen more formal reports were draft chapters,
which contained draft copies of the figures in the Technical Data Book. Most
figures had previously been redrawn from their original sources to unify
style, to make them more convenient and useful for a quantitative
application, and in some cases, to correct errors. Comments from the
subcommittee members resulted in the elimination of many troublesome errors
and obstacles for the inexperienced user.
After the publication of the Technical Data Book, the American Petroleum
Institute made Documentation Report Nos. 2-66 through 14-66 to holders of the
book. These reports are an organization of the evaluation reports and document the
selection of the correlations in this data book on a chapter-by-chapter basis. In
addition to providing answers to many questions about the selection of the
contents of the data book, the information was useful in estimating the
reliabilities of the various correlations in specific situations. These reports are
now unavailable.
The extensive literature surveys, correlation evaluations and the review
procedure outlined above make this data book the most complete and reliable
work yet compiled specifically for general use in the evaluation of petroleum
refining processing and related equipment.
The direct product of the work described above is, of course, the data book. The
project also resulted in partial or total support for a number of undergraduate and
graduate students and for a professional staff. Many of the students have
completed their academic work and have since entered industry, and an unusually
large proportion have entered the petroleum industry. All have an increased
understanding of and sympathy for the problems of the petroleum industry.

Second Edition (1970)

Since the literature search for the first edition was completed, a large number
of new correlations and an even larger amount of experimental data of

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 API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

potential use in the Technical Data Book have appeared in the open
literature. This information prompted further studies, also supported by the
American Petroleum Institute as a vital part of its continuing program to
provide the best current data and correlations for the practicing engineer,
which ultimately resulted in publication of the second and third editions.
Revisions for the second edition, published in 1970, were made in Chapters 1,
7, 8, 9, and 11. In Chapter 1, the physical property tables of the C1-C10
hydrocarbons were extensively revised based on the changes in, or additions
to, the tables of API Research Project 44. Also included were tables for the
physical properties of biphenyls, diphenyls, tetrahydronaphthalenes, and
decahydronaphthalenes. In Chapter 7, the tables of coefficients for the
calculations of ideal gas enthalpies, the enthalpy-temperature diagrams, and
the enthalpy-entropy diagrams for methane, ethane, propane, and ethene
were revised. In Chapter 8, material was added on the solubility of gases in
water and the water content of natural gases. Chapters 9 and 11 concerning
water-hydrocarbon phase equilibria and viscosity, respectively, were
completely revised.
The numerical solutions of all of the example problems in the book were
changed to reflect the revisions of the properties that were made in Chapter 1.
Inadvertent errors in chapters, which were listed in Revision Sheet 1 (July 1, 1967)
and Revision Sheet 2 (December 1, 1969), were corrected.

Third Edition (1976)

For the third edition, published in 1976, Chapters 4, 6, and 7 were
completely revised, and necessary changes were made in Chapters 1 and 2.
Chapter 4 was expanded in 1974 to include procedures to calculate critical
properties for all types of hydrocarbon systems. Chapter 6, as revised in 1972,
included new methods for saturated liquid densities for pure hydrocarbons, defined
hydrocarbon mixtures, and non-hydrocarbons. In the 1976 publication, the
vapor density section of Chapter 6 and all of Chapter 7 were revised. Vapor densities
and thermodynamic properties for pure hydrocarbons and defined
hydrocarbon mixtures were all predicted by the modified Pitzer corresponding-states
method of Lee and Kesler. Desk and computer methods were made consistent.
New methods for predicting thermodynamic properties of petroleum
fractions were presented that use the methods of Chapter 4 to predict critical
properties. The acentric factors of Chapter 2 were revised for consistency with
Chapters 6 and 7. Certain properties in Chapter 1, as revised by API
Research Project 44, were updated.

Fourth Edition (1982)

For the fourth edition, Chapter 5 on vapor pressure, Chapter 8 on vapor-
liquid equilibria, Chapter 12 on thermal conductivity, and Chapter 13 on
diffusivity were completely revised, with a large amount of new material
added. Chapter 2 on characterization and Chapter 3 on distillation
relationships were partially revised with new procedures for estimating
properties. Chapter 4 on critical properties was updated. Chapter 9 on water-
hydrocarbon equilibria and gas hydrates was completely revised and
substantially expanded. Data and correlations for water-hydrocarbon systems
previously in Chapter 8 were updated and included in Chapter 9. Chapter 10 on
surface tension was revised, and methods for prediction of interfacial tension
were included for the first time.

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API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

Fifth Edition (1992)

For the fifth edition, a revision package was issued in 1985 that completely
revises Chapter 14 on combustion, Chapter 11 on viscosity, and the liquid
portion of Chapter 6 on density. A new Chapter 15 on gas-solid and liquid-solid
adsorption equilibria was added. In addition, the procedure for computer
calculation of vapor-liquid equilibria in Chapter 8 was revised. The ninth
revision package, released in 1988, included complete revisions of Chapters 1-4
covering general data, characterization, distillation, and critical properties. The
tenth revision package contains a complete update of Chapter 7 on thermal
properties. Numerous other changes to the entire book make is consistent with
changes previously published (primarily in Chapter 1).

Sixth Edition (1997)

The eleventh revision package (1994) included complete revisions of Chapter 3
on petroleum fraction distillation inter-conversions, Chapter 5 on vapor
pressure, and Chapter 8 on vapor-liquid equilibrium K-values. Substantive
additions and improvements were made in Chapters 3, 5, and 8.
The twelfth revision package (1996) included complete revisions of Chapter 9
on water-hydrocarbon equilibria, Chapter 11 on viscosity, and Chapter 12 on
thermal conductivity as well as an update of all property values and addition of
some important compounds in Chapter 1. Ideal gas tables of Chapter 7 and
revised procedures to predict Reid vapor pressure in Chapter 5 were also
included.
The thirteenth revision package (1998) contains (1) a revised Chapter 2
containing routines for additional inspection properties as well as updates of
previous routines, (2) an updated Chapter 4 procedure for calculation of critical
properties from an equation of state, (3) a revised Reid vapor pressure prediction
method in Chapter 5, (4) changes in Chapter 7 procedures for heat capacity of
petroleum fractions, (5) new heat of formation and combustion tables in
Chapters 7 and 14, (6) totally revised and updated values and correlations for
interaction coefficients for hydrocarbon-non-hydrocarbon systems for the Soave
equation of state, and (7) additional revisions and additions to the hydrocarbon-
water portion of Chapter 9.

Seventh Edition (2005)

A number of technical improvements are provided in the Seventh Edition
as a result of research efforts by Wiltec designed to improve data and
correlations of Sulfur containing compounds and through consultation
provided by Costa Tsnopolous to revise Chapter 9. Each chapter of the
Sixth Edition of the API Technical Data Book was reviewed and revised
by the API Technical Data Committee except for Chapter 15 which
remains the same as the Sixth Edition.
The new electronic version of API Technical Data Book utilizes the Data
Book Explorer™ interface and environment to provide complete coverage
of the re-mastered chapters 1 thru 15 that are now provided in electronic,
searchable format. The tree-view navigation of the Data Book Explorer
provides directly links from computerized procedures in the Data Book to
Windows based software applications. Any desired phrase or keyword can
now be searched for and the computer methods can be directly loaded from
the Data Book Explorer for a selected Data Book procedure.

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 API Technical Data Book – 9th Edition

Eighth Edition (2006)

A detailed, comprehensive review of the printed Data Book was performed

by the API Tech Data Book committee members.
This review process focused on providing a consistent convention of
terminology throughout the Data Book while correction of any errors from
past editions. All of the software applications were updated to correct any
reported bugs, add additional requested features, and provide compatibility
with Windows Vista operating system.
Basic flowsheeting capabilities were included for application of the Data
Book to specific refinery problems including flash drums, gas compressors
and hydrotreater operations as a simplified version of EPCON
International’s SYSTEM 7 Process Explorer® software. Molecular based
property estimation using Benson and Ambrose methods was also added as
a simplified version of the DDBST Artist software.

Ninth Edition (2013)

The Ninth Edition of the API Technical Data Book provides completely new
interfaces for all of the software applications and all of the graphs in the Data
Book have been remastered. The software interfaces now use the latest MS.Net
Visual Studio development languages to provide full compatibility and
functionality with Windows 7 and 8. Additionally, all chapters have been
reformatted to include the section letter designation both in the text and the table
of contents.
Chapter 6 was completely rewritten and updated and major new methods have
been added throughout as indicated in each chapter Preface. Any updates in the
API methods has also been fully implemented in the software applications.
Complimentary process simulation software and thermophysical property data
are available separately from EPCON International and DDBST.

Introduction - 8