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Lecture On Computer Memory

Computer memory consists of devices that store information either temporarily (like RAM) or permanently (like ROM). Primary memory includes volatile RAM and non-volatile ROM, while secondary memory encompasses various storage devices such as hard drives, CDs, and USB drives. Data in memory is represented in binary form, with different units of measurement including bits, bytes, kilobytes, and more.

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3 views17 pages

Lecture On Computer Memory

Computer memory consists of devices that store information either temporarily (like RAM) or permanently (like ROM). Primary memory includes volatile RAM and non-volatile ROM, while secondary memory encompasses various storage devices such as hard drives, CDs, and USB drives. Data in memory is represented in binary form, with different units of measurement including bits, bytes, kilobytes, and more.

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sattiuzair99
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Computer

Memory
 Computer memory is any physical device
capable of storing information temporarily,
like RAM (random access memory), or
permanently, like ROM (read-only memory).

 Memory devices utilize integrated circuits


and are used by operating systems, software,
and hardware.
 Each device in a computer operates at different
speeds and computer memory gives your
computer a place to quickly access data.
 If the CPU had to wait for a secondary storage
device, like a hard disk drive, a computer would
be much slower.
 Cache Memory
 Primary Memory/Main Memory
 Secondary Memory
 This is the main memory of the computer. CPU
can directly read or write on this memory. It is
fixed on the motherboard of the computer.
 Primary memory is further divided in two
types:
1.RAM(Random Access Memory)
2.ROM(Read Only Memory)
 RAM is a temporary memory. The information
stored in this memory is lost as the power
supply to the computer is turned off. That’s why
it is also called Volatile Memory.
 It stores the data and instruction given by the
user and also the results produced by the
computer temporarily
 Information stored in ROM is permanent in
nature,i.e., it holds the data even if the system is
switched off.
 It holds the starting instructions for the computer.
ROM cannot be overwritten by the computer. It is
also called Non-Volatile Memory.
 This memory is permanent in nature. It is used
to store the different programs and the
information permanently (which were
temporarily stored in RAM). It holds the
information till we erase it.
 Different types of secondary storage devices
are:
1. Hard Disc, Compact Disc,
2. DVD, Pen Drive,
3. Flash Drive, etc.
 Hard disk drive is made up of a series of circular
disks called platters arranged one over the
other almost ½ inches apart around a spindle.
 Disks are made of non-magnetic material like
aluminum alloy and coated with 10-20 nm of
magnetic material.
 CD stands for Compact Disk. CDs are circular
disks that use optical rays, usually lasers, to read
and write data.
 They are very cheap as you can get 700 MB of
storage space for less than a dollar. CDs are
inserted in CD drives built into CPU cabinet.
 They are portable as you can eject the drive,
remove the CD and carry it with you.
 DVD stands for Digital Video Display. DVD are
optical devices that can store 15 times the data
held by CDs.
 They are usually used to store rich multimedia
files that need high storage capacity. DVDs also
come in three varieties – read only, recordable
and rewritable.
 Pen drive is a portable memory device that
uses solid state memory rather than magnetic
fields or lasers to record data.
 It uses a technology similar to RAM, except
that it is nonvolatile. It is also called USB drive,
key drive or flash memory.
 Blu Ray Disk (BD) is an optical storage media
used to store high definition (HD) video and
other multimedia filed.
 BD uses shorter wavelength laser as compared
to CD/DVD. This enables writing arm to focus
more tightly on the disk and hence pack in more
data. BDs can store up to 128 GB data.
Parameter Primary memory Secondary memory
The primary memory is The secondary memory is
Nature categorized as volatile & always a non-volatile
nonvolatile memories. memory.
Secondary memory is
known as a Backup
These memories are also
Alias memory or Additional
called internal memory.
memory or Auxiliary
memory.
Data cannot be accessed
directly by the processor. It
Data is directly accessed is first copied from
Access
by the processing unit. secondary memory to
primary memory. Only then
CPU can access it.
It's a volatile memory It's a non-volatile memory
meaning data cannot be so that that data can be
Formation
retained in case of power retained even after power
failure. failure.
 Data in the computer’s memory is represented by
the two digits 0 and 1.
 These two digits are called Binary Digits or Bits.
 A bit is the smallest unit of computer’s memory.
 Bits=0,1
1 Byte= 8 bits(e.g,11001011)
1 KB(kilobyte) = 1024 Bytes
1 MB(megabyte) = 1024 KB
1 GB(Gigabyte) = 1024 MB
1 TB(Terabyte) = 1024 GB

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