| | MADE ERsy i work 0 0 0K Thermodynamics + Refrigeration and Air-conditioning + Heat and Mass Transfer SI. Unit Pages | | Ve COndUCtION vennnnnnn aeannrnneee — . «| 2 Convection a 7 ay 4, Heat Exchanger... 9000 | opi: Suc mater'o MADE EASY Pleo, Nowa. Npatt ie okay b rondo and ym wiht tn personle Choice Questions Heat transfer takes place according to (@) Zeroth Law of thermodynamics (6) First Law of the thermodynamics <6} Second Law of thermodynamics (a) Third Law of thermodynamics LIES : 1996] oe Stainless steel tube (k, = 19 Wimk) of 2.cm ID and 5 cm OD is insulated with 3 om thick asbestos (k, = 0.2 Wimk). If the temperature difference between the inner most and outermost surfaces is 600°C, the heat transfer rate per unit length is (@) 0.94wim (©) 9.44 wim Ac) 944.72Wim — (d) 9447.21 Wim [GATE : 2004] Match List-1 (Governing Equations of Heat Transfer) with List-ll (Specific Cases of Heat Transfer) and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: D List-II Pinfin 1-Dcase 4-Deonduetion in cylinder 4-Deonduetion in sphere * Plane slab (Symbols have their usual meaning) Codes: AB 2 Pens (a) 3 1 — 7 ae a [IES : 2005} [of ts diffusivity of a substance is ) inversely proportional o thermal conductivity directly proportional to thermal conductivity (c) directly proportional to the square of thermal ‘conductivity (a) inversely proportional to the square of thermal conductivity NOeNaag seaso v [IES : 2006] afin @ composite slab, the temperature at the interface (7,4,) between two materials is equal to the average of the temperature at the two 7 peonpordas 09 Aaa 9200 sO Ud aR IBC WON SUDIEONORG AGVTOWN OB HOTS WIRED © List-1 ends. Assuming steady one dimensional heat ee 5 conduction, which of the following statements a iS is true about the respective thermal g conductivities? i 5 Jr y 8 i nhc, Be | | z i le . ap a = " i 5 a bh 2) jy MADE EASY - PubleationsmADE EASY ———— Publications ———— [GATE : 2006) oo Coser steady-state ‘heat conduction across the thickness ina plane. ‘Composite wall (as shown inthe figure) exposed to convection conditions on both sides. Given: h, = 20 Wimek; hy = 50 Wim?k; T., = 20 °C; Ty = -2 °C; ky = 20 Wimk, ky = 80 Wimk; L, = 0.30 m and L, = 0.15 m Assuming negligible contact resistance between the wall surfaces; the interface temperature, T(in °C), of the two walls will be \ s pen an 2, F a 1 St bb 4, tht (a) 0.50 (b) 2.75 Ve) 3.75 (d) 450 A Unsteady heat. \2-~ Steady-state with variation of k. 2 ~&_ Steady-state with heat generation. 5 Select the correct answer using the codes given = below: a2 alone (o) tand2 (©) 1ands us} 1,2and3 / [les : 1998] QS” Arrangement of silver, air, aluminium and lead in order of increasing thermal conductivity at room temperature yields (@) Air, Aluminium, Silver, Lead (0) Air, Aluminium, Lead, Silver ~ (©) Lead, Air, Aluminium, Silver ‘ir, Lead, Aluminium, Silver “ [DRDO : 2008] Ing ASV BOW} Carbon 2 Mica” 3. Bakelite 4. Fibre glass Which of these materials are good conductors of heat, but bad conductors of electricity (@) tonly 2only (c) 2and3 (d) 3and4 Ne oy [UPSC JWM : 2010] 2 34 few yoo Hi 018d ON TaI0G MON (GATE: 2009] |= 241 Which one of the following have a highest Which one of the following is correct, incontext |3 | (2) thermal conductivity ki Kool f thermal diffusivity of liquid ang gas & (@) Boilingwater (bo) Steam i > ° ) Ogas> Suis a= é) s| (Ae) Sdlidice (d) Rainwater K wate. vp) (B) Og45 og Ven |e 5 N 3 : a 5 1 i r, UE - 3 bt —+—_ 1 IT, 3 Distance —= g Then the thermal conductivity of material : ais smaller than that of IL - & MADE EASY = Publications66 | ™ (©) is equal to that of 1 () can be greater than or smaller than that of IL B48 in descending order of magnitude, the thermal ‘conductivity of 1. Pure iron y 2. Water 3. Saturated water vapour 4. Pure aluminium 1%, Can be arranged as @) 1,2,3,4 41.2.3 YO) 2.3.14 @ 4.3.12 [GATE Chemical Engg. : 2006] 4 The outer surface of a long cylinder is maintained at constant temperature. The oyinder Goes not have any heat source. The temperature in the cylinder will (@) increase: linearly with radius (©) decrease linearly with radius (0) be independent of radius x (0) vary logarithmically with radius {IES : 2000] ¥% A hollow sphere has inner and outer surface areas of 2m? and 8 m? respectively. Fora given temperature difference. across the surfaces, the heat flow is to be calculated considering the ‘material of the sphere as a plane wall of the anical Engineering @ Heat and Mass Transf MADE ——=ERSy 0.17/A steel ball of diameter 60 mm is in len small copper ball of 5 mm diameter at 509 is dropped into an oil bath whose temperature is 200 K. The thermal conductivity of copper ig 400 Wim.K, its density 9000 kg/m? and its Specific heat 385 J/kg K. If th® heat transfer Coefficient is 250 W/m?.K and lumped analysis is assumed to be valid, the rate of fall of the tially i thermal equilibrium at 1030°C nalumace jy. at sudden removed rom the unaceandgy © 3 in ambient air at 90°C, with convective ne s transfer coetticient = 20 Wim?k. The thenn 2 physical properties of steel are density = p= 7800 ka/m®, conductivity k = 40 Wim, and ‘j specific heat c= 600 Jikg K, The time requiey 2 insecondsto cool the ste! ballin aictom 1o3y¢ 3 t0.430°C is 5 (a) 519 (b) 931 4 (©) 1195 (a) 2144 g (GATE : 2013 g g z z z temperature othe ball atthe beginning of cooing will be, in Kis, (@ 87 (6) 139 AO 173 (d) 27.7 : [GATE : 2005} INinjela Answer Questions 19 and 20: Je peonporde oq feu yooa Publications Bea Same thickness, What is the equivalent mean ‘sider steady one-dimensional heat flow in aplate + * . areanormalto the dection of neat flow? of 20 mm thickness with a uniform heat generation of y (@), ome (b) 5m? 80 Ape lettand right faces are kept at constant 4m? (0) None of these lemperatures of 160°C and 120°C respectively. The - LIAS Pre : 2007) | 5 | Platyiasa constant thermal conductivity of 200 Wink. eve case of one dimensional heat conduction in |3 | ag The ocation of maximum temperature within the @ medium with constant properties, Tis the | late from its left face is ar_{E (@ 15mm *(b) 10mm , temperature at position x, at time t. Then sé 5mm (a) Omm > * proportional to 2 [GATE : 2007] - a ar § | Q0 The maximum temperature within the plate in @s ) & 3 Cis er er i (e) 160 WS 105 © sar We 3 (©) 200 (@) 250 [GATES2005] [GATE : 2007] a Eel MADE EASY —mADE EASY a) Publications 21 For the three-cimensional object shown in th figure below, five faces are insulated, The sith face (PQRS), which is Not insulated, interacts thermally with the ambient, with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 10 Wim?k. The ambient temperature is 30°C. Heatis uniformly generated inside the object at the rate of 100 Wim®. Assuming the face PORS to be at uniform temperature, its steady state temperature is [GATE : 2007] 7 aluminium sheet of 10 mm thickness is brought into contact with an iron sheet of 20 mm thickness, The outer surface of aluminium is kept at 100°C. Where as the outer surface of iron is. maintained at O°C. If the ratio of thermal conductivity of aluminium and iron is 3:4, then Q.2; cH the interface temperature in °C is 5 (a) 40 (b) 6 (©) 757 Ad) 85.7 [DRDO : 2003] Q.26 A metallic rod of uniform diameter and length L connects two heat sources each at 500°C, The atmospheric temperature is 30°C..The temperature gradient d7/alat the centre of the bar will be 500 500 @ Te ©) -T2 470 © i o/e0 [IAS Pre : 2001] The temperature profile for heat transfer from ‘one fluid to another separated by a solid wall is v Fo your Z C 7 +) {oO =T- 30 _4 HHOe Workbook 67 Solid Wall (@) Warm Fluid [\ wan yaalang W6AGSO Solid Wall ~ cots Fv poe h sos Wal “\I Cold Fiuid (©) Warm rua sofa Wat “\ I Cold Fluid @) wam rua Q.25 Acomposite hollow sphere with steady internal heating is made of 2 layers of materials of equal thickness with thermal conductivities in the ratio of 1: 2for inner to outer layers. Ratio of inside to outside diameter is 0.8 What is ratio of temperature drop across the inner and outer layers? (@) 04 _— tb) 16 ‘) (c) 2ino8 (@ 25 [ (IES : 2005] Q.28°A 0.5 m thick plane wall has its two surfaces: kept a 300°C and 200°C. Thermal conductivity of the wal varies linearly with temperature and ‘UOISeTWIOd Gaim BWA YeOUIIN UID} AUB Ul Pesiiin To peonpordey 8a Feu HoOG ST FO WEG ON WIOG MON SURED’ GVA SQW 0178) MADE EASY its values at 300°C and 200°C are 25 WimK and Publications | \wrmadeeasjpublaatonsong) a44 Beer 0 Mechanical Engineering ® 6g/ | eo 15 Wimk, respectively. Then the steady heat flux through the wall is (@) 8kwime (b) 5 KWim? vc) 4kWim? (a) 3 kWim? [IES ; 2002) 7 A metal wall has an area of m?, thickness 10.cm and a thermal conductivity 200 Wimk what is the value of thermal resistance of the wall in KAW. 4a) 104 (©) 108 (© 2x 108 (@) 108 [UPSC JWM : 2008] A flat plate has thickness 5 cm, thermal conductivity 1 Wimk, convective heat transfer Coefficients on its two flat faces of 10 Wim?K and 20 Wim?K. The overall heat transfer Coefficient for such a flat plate is a) 5 Wim? (b) 6.33 Wim? (©) 20wim’k = (d) 30 Wim? [IES : 2001] 9 A large concrete slab 1m thick has one dimensional temperature distribution T= 4~10x + 20x? + 10x37 where Tis temperature and xis distance from ‘one face towards other face of wall. If the slab material has thermal diffusivity of 2 x 10-Sm?/hr, what is the rate of change of temperature at the other face of the wall? (@) 0.1°Ch (b) 02h (©) 03°Cih (0) 04°Ch [IES : 2009) ea slab of thickness L with one side (x = 0) insulated and other side (x= L) maintained at a constant temperature T, is shown below: Tone Insulated wall x20 Heat and Mass Transfer MADE Eng: ona A uniformly distributed internal heat soureg produces heatin the slab at the rate of S Wins : Assume the heat conduction to be steady sia 3 and 1-D along the x-direction, the maximum is temperature in the slab occurs at x equal tg 2 L El 0 FG 2 L 2 5 @L © 3 om! ‘As the thickness of insulation around a heateg cable gradually increases from zero, heat transfer from the conductor (@) goes on decreasing monotonically (b) goes on increasing monotonically . Asak sy sirel 2 Sina ed Goo t and Mass Transfer vise a —— Public ato Mechanical Engineering _¢ Hea 70 | Heisler charts are used to determine transient heat flowrate and temperature distribution when: w Abrick wall (« =0. ot) of thickness 0.18 m \y>e:) (@) Solids possess infinitely lari je thermal ey ® mae yee separates the warm air in a room from the colg Ne Gordl_> (6) Internal conduction resistance is small and ambien! a, On a particular winter day the outside air temperature is ~ 5°C and the room convective resistance is large (c) Internal conduction resistance is large and the convective resistance is small (d) Both conduction and convection resistance are almost of equal significance [IES : 1997] aint (42 Usually fins are provided to increages the sate of heat transfer, but fins also act af instfation Which one of the following non-dimensional needs to b maintained at 27°C. The heattransfer coefficient associated with outside air is w 20: mk’ Negiecting the convective resistance of the air inside the room, the heat loss, in (3).« numbers decides this factor? (@ 8 (b) 110 a (@) Eckertnumber + (b) Biotnumber Ue 128 (a) 160 (©) Fouriernumber (a) Pecletnumber [GATE : 2015] [IES : 2007] A spherical thermocouple junction of diameter 0.708 mm is to be used for the measurement of temperature of a gas stream. The convective heat transfer coefficient on bend surface is 400 Wim?K, Thermophysical properties of thermocouple material are k= 20 W/mK, C = 400 JikaK and p = 8500 kg/m®. If the thermocouple initially at 30°C is placed in a hot stream of 300°C, the time taken by the bead to reach 298°C, is 498 @ TON TaIeG MON SoOHeOIERG ASV BAVA 01 JaNeu alang WWUAESD @ in 70 paonpordar ea Few 7000 Wi oa 10 mm diameter electrical conductor is covered by an insulation of 2 mm thickness The conductivity of the insulation is 0.08 Wim- Kand the convection coefficient at the insulation surface is 10 Wim?-K. Addition of further insulation of the-same material will (a) increase heat loss continuously eas heat loss continuously increase heat loss to a maximum and then decrease heat loss — ‘9(@) decrease heat loss to a minimum and then increase heat loss 2.358 (c) 14.78 29.48 : [GATE : 2015] wh Assertion (A): Addition of insulation to the 5 ; = Ss inside surface of a pipe always reduces heat | 2 a] Numerical Data Type transfer rate and critical radius concept has no | 3 Questions significance. z Reason (R): Ifinsulation is added to the inside | 3 a9¢ consis one dimensional steady state heat surface, both surface resistance and internal | 3 conduction across a wall (as shown in figure resistance increase. : below) of thickness 30 mm and thermal (a) both A and R are true and R is the correct | § conductivity 1 Wim.K. At.x = 0, a constant explanation of A 3 heat flux, q” = 1 x 108 W/m? is applied. On the (b) both A and Rare true but Ris not a correct 2 other side of the wall, heat is removed from the explanation of A 3 wall by convection with a fluid at 25°C and heat (c) Ais true but Ris false a transfer coefficient of 250 W/m?.K. The (d) Ais false but R is true temperature (in °C), at x = Ois = =6aree MADE EASY « www madeeospubleaiorsorg ponerpes MADE EASY Publications — Workbook 71 The interface temperature T, (in K) of the composite wall is_ 40° \ : [GATE : 2014] = 1% 10" Wim? ase s T, OD }& | Q,50°A plane wall has a thermal conductivity of 1.15 « aE Wim.K. If the inner surface is at 110°C and wee the outer surface is at 350°C, then the design ato" 2 thickness (in meter) of the wall to maintain a [GATE : 2014] Q.48/A material P of thickness 1 mm is ‘sandwiched: between two steel slabs, as shown in the figure below. A heat flux 10. Wim? is supplied to one of the steel slabs as shown. The boundary temperatures of the slabs are indicated in the figure. Assume thermal conductivity of this stee! is 10 Wim.K. Considering one-dimensional steady state heat conduction for the configuration, the thermal conductivity (k, in Wim.k) of material Pis_4. - T)= 360K Steel Slab Stee! Slab tem 20mm=4 K-20mm—H [GATE : 2014] Q.49 Feat transfer through a composite wall is shown in figure. Both the sections of the wall have equal thickness (/). The conductivity of one section is k and that of the other is 2k. The left face of the wall is at 600 K and the right face is at 300 K. 600K 7 300K Heat flow bee steady heat flux of 2500 W/m? should be —— 0 65 [GATE : 2014] lostva foam insulation is added to a 4 cm outer diameter pipe as shown in the figure, the critical radius of insulation (in cm) is __S om ok en Foam oan = 0.1 Wit y= 2.Wim-K Pipe ype = 15 Wim-K, [GATE : 2015] & Conventional Questions ine pasnperdes oq Feu yooq sai jo Ned ON 18a MON SLOROIARY ASS TOW O17 ‘conductivity of 1.5 Wim-K is placed between two 0. cm thick steel plates. The conductivity of mild steel is 50 Wim-K. The faces of brick adjacent to the plates are rough having solid- to-solid contact of 3% of the total area, The average height of the asperities is'0.1 cm. If the outer plate surface temperatures are'100°C. and 500°C respectively, calculate the rate of heat transfer per unit area, The conductivity of air is 0.02 Wim-k. [IES : 2001] Q.53 A steel pipe having internal diameter of 2 cm, outer diameter of 2.4 cm and thermal ‘Uowwariuied waitin aay iowa io) AUR UI PRS! conductivity of steel of 54 WimK carries hot (©copyright MADE EASY | wwwwmadesasypublication Publications C® layer of § cm thick insulating brick havingwater at 95°C. heat transfer coefficient between the inner surface of stee! pipe and the hot water is 600 W/m?K. An asbestos insulation with thermal conductivity of 0.2 WimK and thickness 2 .cmis put on the steel pipe. Heat is lost from the outer surface of the asbestos insulated pipe to the surrounding air at 30°C, heat transfer Coefficient for the outer surface of the insulation being 8 Wim? Determine : . J The rate of heat transfer per meter iangth of the pipe. /f Determine the temperature at the inner, outer Surfaces of the steel pipe and the outer Surface of the insulation. (iii) What do you understand by the term “critical fadius of insulation"? What is. the value of Critical radius in the above question? What is the rate of heat loss, if thickness of insulation were to correspond to critical radius? Comment on the results. [ES : 2011] 5 9/4 An iron plate of thickness L and thermal Conductivity k is subjected to a constant heat flux qy Wim? at boundary surface at X= 0. From oie other boundary surface at X = L, the heat is [9 dissipated by convection into the fluid at temperature 7, with heat transfer coefficient h Drive expressions for temp T, and Tat surfaces, X= Oand X= L respectively, For the following data calculate the surface temp T, & T, it L = 2 cm, k = 20 Wim-deg, % = 1000 Wim?, T, = 50°C, fh = 500 Wim2-°C. Ti 350°C) To 1003] Th oyo-e TIES: oD: A rectangular fin of length 30 cm, width 30 om and thickness 2 mm is attached to a surface at 300°C. The fin is made of aluminium (K = 204 Wimk) and is exposed to air at 30°C. The fin end is uninsulated and can lose heat through its end also. The convection heat transfer coefficient between the fin surface and air is 15 Wim?-K, Mass Transfer Bu Dolan WBukdoD @ J0 ued oN Tulea MeN SumIeOIaRG ASVa SOWA Ol 10 pasnpoides eq feu yooa Fi olss1urad Ueiiiim oy) nouiim wo) Raw Uy Boy Determine: ature of the fin AA the temperature the base. 19° °C Af) the rate of heat transfer from the 4 Ai fin efficiency. &Q\~|. 8 30 om tom in ang UIES : 201 An electronic semi-conductor device genera, heat equal to 480 x 10°° W. In order to keep the surface temperature at upper safe limit of 7:0 {p> The generated heat has to be dissipated jg surroundings at 30°C To accomplish tis tage aluminium fins of 0.7 mm square and 12 mm dong are attached to the sirface. The therma, Conductivity of aluminium is 170 Wim-K ang heat transfer coefficient is 12 Wim?-K. Find No, of fins required. Assume insulated tips offing BN ine {IES : 2004 ora Copper sphere weighing 3 kg is heated ina furnace to a temperature of 300°C and is suddenly taken out and allowed to coo! in ambient air at 25°C. It takes 60 min. for the copper sphere to cool down to 35°C, what is the average surface heat transfer coefficient? Take density of copper Sphere = 8950 kg/m? and specitic heat C, = 0.383 kuikg°C. Slate the assumptions made and derive the relation used. : comer LUA a LIES : 2008} Tt. copper pipe having 35 mm OD and 30mm ID Carries liquid oxygen to the storage site of a Space shuttle at ~ 182°C and 0.06 m/min. The ambient air is at 20°C and has a dew point of 10°C. How much insulation with a thermal Conductivity of 0.02 Wi(m - k) is needed to Prevent condensation on the exterior of the insulation if the convective heat transfer Coefficient h = 17 Wi(m? - K) on the outside? Take thermal conductivity of copper Koy = 400 Wi(m - K) [Ans. 19 mm] MADE EASY = =D Publicationsy mADE EASY ———— Publications 73 Workbook 12. for a gas-cooled Consider a section of a brick wall as shown in figure below. The thermal conductivities of various materials used, in Wi(m - °C), are ky = ke = 2 kg = 8, k= 20, ky = 15, ke = 35. The left and right surfaces of the wall are maintained at uniform temperatures of 600°C and 200°C, respectively. Assuming heat transfer through the wall to be one-dimensional, In a cylindrical fuel element f tor, the generation rate of thermal energy 1 due to fission can be 14, react within the fuel element approximated by the relation 2 ) wim? a Where ais the radius of the fuel element and dy boundary surface at r= ais determine is constant. The (@) the rate of heat tran maintained at a uniform temperature Ty isfer thi and rough the wall, (a) Assuming one-dimensional, steady-state heat flow, develop a relation for the temperature drop from the centreline to the surface of the fuel element, For a radius of a = 30 mm, the thermal conductivity = 1owim-°C) and dy = 2x 107 Wim?, Calculate the temperature drop from the centreline to the surface. (Ans. 337.5°C] (b) the temperature drop across the material F. Disregard any contact resistance at the interfaces. A straight rectangular fin 20 mm thick and 7 150 mm long is constructed of steel and placed on the outside of a wall maintained at 200 °C. The environment temperature is 15°C, and the heat transfer coefficient for convection is 20 Wilm® - K). Calculate the heat lost from the fin per unit depth. Take thermal conductivity of, steel as 60 Wi(m-K). [Ans. 947.51 Wim (Considering uninsulated tip)] Te. 5. [Ans. (a) 12.74 kW, (b) 79.49°C] To paonpoides 8a few 00a Shy Ved ON WG MON SUDRERIaRa AWS Sav Ol Teneu Foalans WwOUNGED @ Consider a pipe of inside radius r, = 30. mm, outside radius r, = 60 mm, and a thermal conductivity k, = 10 Wi(m-°C). The inside 3. An aluminium sphere of 0.1 m diameter and at a surface is maintained at a uniform temperature T, = 350°C, and the outside surface is to be insulated with an insulation material of thermal conductivity ky = 0.1 Wi(m - °C). The outside surface of the insulation material is exposed to an environment at T, = 20°C with a heat transfer | coefficient hy = 10 Wi(m? - °C). Determine, the thickness of the insulation material needed to reduce the heat loss by 25 percent of that of the uninsulated pipe exposed to the same environmental conditions. [Ans. 4.3 mm] ‘uojssiwied uayium ou wawivm wiO} AUB UI PSST uniform temperature of 500 °C is suddenly exposed to an environment at 20°C, with convection heat transfer coefficient 30 Wi(m?-K), Calculate the temperature of the sphere () 100s, * (i) 3008, and (ii) 500s after is exposed to the environment. Justify any method you use for the analysis; take, for aluminimum, k = 200 W/(m-K), Be J p= 2700 kalm®, c, = 0.9 kulikg -K). [Ans. (i) 466°C, (ii) 404°C, (iii) 350°C] Publicationsel w Multiple Choice Questions Q.1. Air at 20°C blows over a hot plate of 50 x60 em made of carbon steel maintained at 220°C. The Convective heat transfer coefficients 25 wim?K, What will be the heat loss from the plate? (@) 1500w (b) 2500w () s000w () 4000w Consider the following conditions for heat transfer (thickness of thermal boundary layer is 5, velocity of boundary layer is 8 and Prandtl number is Ph 1. 8(2) = 3x) if Prot 2. Bfx)>> 8x) if Preet 3. B{x)<< B(x) if Proat Which of these conditions apply for convective heat transfer? (@) tand2 () 2and3 (©) tand3 Va) 1, 2and3 [IES : 2000] Water (Prandtl number = 6) flows over a flat plate which is heated over the entire length. Which one of the following relationship between the hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness (6) and 98 o atna boundary layer thickness (8) is true (@) 5-8 vb) 8,<5 t et (©) 8>5 » IGATE : 2001] (d) Cannotbe predicted Convection Corfimon Data Questions 4 and 5: leat is being transferred by convection from water aj 48°C to a glass plate whose surface that is exposeq to the water is at 40°C. The thermal conductivity of water is 0.6 WimK and the thermal conductivity of glass is 1.2WimK. The spatial gradient of temperature in the water at the water-glass interface jg OTldy = 1 x 104 Kim. Geno" col 48°C oN RENE ASV IO¥A CN eHRU ETGRS IBAREOG (4 The value of the temperature gradient in the glass at the water-glass interface in Kim is (@) -2x 10 (b) 00 0.5 x 104 (d) 2x 104 [GATE : 2003} | oh ‘The heat transfer coefficient hin Wim? K is | {a) 0.0 (0) 4.8 6 I 750 | [GATE : 2003} | Q6 Forflowof fluid over aheated plate, the following fluid properties are known: viscosity = 0,001 Pa-s; specific heat at constant pressure = @ | he 1 K/KgK; thermal Conductivity = 1 Wimk. 4 tre! zine hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness at ‘2 specified location on the plate is 1 mm. The thermal boundary layer thickness at the same ADE EASY | Publications ‘Yos=n4oc Ue OU uo Au UPAR Vo POONpONTT Ba CUNY location is (@) 0.001 mm (©) 0.01 mm ve) 1mm (A) 1000mm [GATE : 2008]MADE EAnsy Publications rinked Answer Questions 7 and 8: in un-insulated air condi : I Conditioning duct of rect Gross section 1 mx 05m, caning ee eee Fange of 20-20°C, data are as i nductivity = 0.025 Wwim.k; 8 uPa.s; Prandtl number = 0.73, follows : thermal co: viscosity density = 1.2 kg/m. For la iminar flow Nusselt number is 3.4 for constant wall temperature condition. for urbulenttow, Nu = 0.023 Re2* p03, The Reynolds number for the flow is (a) 444 (0) 890 w(C) 4.44 408 (9) 8.33 105 [GATE : 2005] The heat transfer per meter length of the duct, in watts, is L Ph @ 38 ws * lar (©) 89 4) 79 [GATE : 2005} ay Nusselt number is 400, Stanton number is 0.5 and Reynolds number is 40, then Prandtl number will be (@) 200 (b) 80 (4 lef 20 [UP Irrigation : 2010] Q.49The ratios of the laminar hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness to thermal boundary layer thickness of flows of two fluids P and Qona flat plate are 1/2 and 2 respectively. The HON SuBIeOIT a ASV SOWW A Ton 7 joann 1a paanpoides 6q few yooa 5 Workbook 75 heat transfer coefficient for uniform heat flux and Uniform wall temperature boundary conditions are, respectively (@) 36.57 and 43.64 Wim? (b) 43.64 and 36.57 Wim?k (©) 43.64 Wim?k for both the cases (6) 36.57 Wim?k for both the cases {IES : 2002] a yA refrigerated van has to be maintained at -10°C, while ambient temperature is 32°C. Overall surface area of the van is 25 m2. The walls of the van are of 16 mm plywood (k = 0.06 Wimk) at inner surface and 12 mm of glass. work (k = 0.06 Wimk). The capacity of the refrigerated van in tons of refrigeration will be {@) 0.10ton (b)_0.35ton_ (©) 0.55ton «(@) 0.651on {IES : 2010] he non-dimensional parameter known: as Stanton number (St) is used in « (@) forced convection heat transfer in flow over flat plate condensation heat transfer with laminar film layer natural convection heat transfer over flat plate unsteady heat transfer from bodies in which internal temperature gradients cannot be neglected (b) © @ [IES : 2004] ogy iin ‘one of the following non-dimensional numbers is used for transition from laminar to Reynolds number based on the plate lenath for |= “both the flows is 10% The Prandtl and Nusselt | $ turbulent flow in free convection? numbers for Pare 1/8 and 35 respectively. The | 5 «(@) Reynolds number Prandit and Nusselt numbers for Q are |2 (6) Grashotf number respectively 3 (©) Peclet number a (a) Band 140 + (b) 8and70 e (Gd) Rayleigh number (c) 4and70” ()4 dnd 36 3 THES ; 097] [GATE : 2011] |2 Th Wi - 3 \@ average Nusselt number in Jaminar natural ‘A fluid of thermal conductivity 1.0 WimK flows | & conection froma vertical wall at 180°C wit til in fully developed flow with Reynolds number | * air at 20°C is found to be 48. If the wall of 1500 through a pipe of diameter 10 cm. The temperature becomes 30°C, allother parameters fecopyright ORE Ee76 | Mechanical Engineering ® Heat and Mass Transfer _ mADE Easy Wy es i © Wak 4 yemaining same, the average Nusselt number |_| Q.19 If q,, = 5000 and the convection heat transfer of S1)wiibe . coefficient at the pipe outlet is 1000 Wim2k, a (@) 8 () 16 the temperature in °C at the inner surface of the s(c) 24 (a) 32 pipe at the outlet is : @ 71 (b) 76 [IES : 2002] ae rater Q.16 Heats lost from a 100 mm diameter steam pipe [GATE : 2013] placed horizontally in ambient at 30°C. If the Nusselt number is 25 and thermal conductivity of air is 0.03 W/mK, then the heat transfer coefficient will be \ (a) 7.5 Wim?’k (b) 16.2 Wim?k (©) 25.2Wim’ = —(d) 30 Wimk IES : 1999] he average heat transfer coefficient on a thin hot vertical plate suspended in still air can be determined from observations of the change in plate temperature with time as it cools. Assurne ye “eke late temperature to be uniform at any instant Ww a f time and radiation heat exchange with the surroundings negligible. The ambient temperature is 25°C, the plate has a total surface area of 0.1 m®and amass of 4 kg, The specitic heat of the plate material is 2.5 ki/kgK. The convective heat transfer coefficient in Wim?K, at the instant when the plate temperature is £20 The ratio of momentum diffusivity (v) to thermal diffusivity (q), is called AB) Prandtlnumber (b) Nusselt number (©) Biot number —_(d)_ Lewis number [GATE : 2015) 43.21 In the laminar flow of air (Pr=0.7) over aheated plate, if § and 6, denote, respectively, the hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layer thicknesses, then @ = 3, () 5>3, . ate) 8 <3; (d) 5= 0 but 8x0 IGATE : 2015] Qt Q.22 A cylindrical uranium fuel rod of radius 5 mm in a nuclear is generating heat at the’ rate of 4x 107 Wim®, The rod is cooled by a liquid (convective heat transfer coefficient 1000 Wim?-K) at 25°C. At steady state, the surface temperature (in K) of the rod is 20 peenpoidei 99 fu Yooa si J0 WE ON WWI8G MON SoREDRIG KSVS SOWN Oi Toneu Ioelang AWURGTD © 225°C and the change in plate temperature with (a) 308 * (b) 398 time aT/dt = - 0.02 Kis, is (c) 418 (d) 448 (@) 200 (©) [GATE : 2015] © 6 @ 0 Q,28 For flow of viscous fluid over a flat plate, if thé [GATE : 2007] fluid temperature is the same as the plate ~ ~ temperature, the thermal boundary layer is —-- (@)-thianer than the velocity boundary layer (b) thicker than the velocity.boundary-layer (©) of the same thickness as the velocity boundary layer ot formed at all yea ais ATE : 2015] Qptthe Blasius equation related to Ds layer theory is a (2) third-order linear partial differential equation ®) third-order nonlinear partial differential ‘equation Common Data Questions 18 and 19 Water (specific heat, ¢, = 4.18 ki/kgK) enters a pipe at a rate 0.01 kg/s and a temperature of 20°C. the pipe, of diameter 50 mm and length 3m, is subjected toa wall heat flux , in Win? Q.18 If q,,= 2500 x, where is in mand in the dicection of flow (x = 0 at the inlet), the bulk mean ” v femperature of the water leaving the pipe in°Cis (a) 42 (b) 62 ms (©) 74 (a) 104 [GATE : 2013] ~ ‘Worssjunied Gaijin oun InOulym Ui9y AUS PublicationsMADE EASY Publications (©) second-order nonlinear ordinary at cna dinary diferent (2) thirc-order nor nonlinear orc equation diary [GATE : 2015] Q.25/F 0" flow through a pipe of radius A, the velocity ar nd temperature distribution are as follows * sae differential UF. X)= Cy, and Tr, x)= Cy -( C, and C, are constants. The bulk temperature is given by 12s" UR? Jp r2xT(e.x)rar with U, being the mean velocity of flow. The value of Tr, is 0.8C, ® T (b) 050, 0.60; See oo [GATE : 2015] Numerical Data Type Questions Consider a two-dimensional laminar flow over a ong cylinder as shown in the figure below. ee 3 The tree stream velocity is U,, and the free stream temperature T,,is ower than the cylinder surface temperature T, Thelocal heat transfer coefficient ig minimum at point [GATE ; 2014] Ah waes flows through a tube of diameter 25 mm at an average velocity of 1.0 mis. The properties of water are p = 1000 kg/m, @ Copyright | ‘Uolsayib70d Ua Bia TROUT WO) AUB Ul BpSIINN 10 PaDADE! Ez ‘Peanpoidas ea Kou W008 Figo WE ON W/eG MON SUDIeOnG hava GV woe eer 7 = Be ee Nw oho — BE Workbook | 77 <= = 7.25 x 10 Nisin, k = 0.625 Wim.K, Pr 85, Using Nu = 0.023 Fe? Pr4, the convective heat transfer coefficient (in wim?.K) is YOI3.6 wl w+ —[GATE:2014] 0.28 The temperature distribution within the thermal boundary layer over a heated isothermal lat plate ¥) Ay l (§)-3 3 Tyand T,, are the temperatures of plate and ftee stream respectively, and y is the normal distance measured from the plate. The local Nusselt number based on the thermal boundary layer thickness 6, is given by sy Conventional Questions walang woukaoD yy 3 ] - were T-Tw _ 3 is given by == 5 Q Estimate the costticient of heat transfer from a vertical plate 2m x 2mtothe surrounding air at yz 2° The pate surtace temperature is 180°C. COP. Also calculate the rte of heat raster rom the Ze Plate. For air assume the kinematc viscosity as 1.6 x 10° m/s. The properties of air at film QJ% temperature are density 0.972 kg/m®, sp. Heat Rue 009 kJ/kg K, thermal conductivity 3.13 x 102 Wim-K, Prandtl No. 0.69. The constants‘C'and''r’in Nusselt no. equation are 0.15 and 1/3 respectively. [IES : 2009] | 90 Air flows over a heated flat plate at a velocity of 50 m/s. The local skin friction coefficient at a point on the plate is 0.004. Estimate the local heat transfer coefficient at this point. The following properties data for air are given as: wt sew Pl ee CB = 0.88 kg/m? v p= 2.286 x 10S kgim-s G, = 1.001 kuikg-K ¢ ‘0 K = 0.035 Wim-K Air at 25°C flows over a thin plate with a velocity, of 2.5 misec. The plate is 2 m long and 1m MADE EASY Publications738 | Mechanical Engineering @ Heat and Mass Transfer _ T2. 73. wide. Estimate the thermal boundary layer thickness at the trailing edge of the plate and total drag force experienced by the plate. At 25°C, the density of air is 1.2 kg/m and kinematic viscosity is 15 x 10-6 més. Prandil number for air is 0.69, Serie {IES : 2001] TAns. @p=-4-96-om, F, = 0.01725 N] ‘A commercial aeroplane is modelled as a flat plate which is 1.5 m wide and 8 m long in size. {tis maintained at 20°C. The aeroplane is flying at a speed of 800 kmyhr in air at 0°C and 60 cm of Hg pressure. Calculate the heat loss from wing if the flow is made to flow parallel to the width of wing. The properties of air at avg. temp. 10°C. k = 2.511 x 10% Wim-k, V= 14.16 x 10 m/sec, Pr = 0.705. [IES : 2004) [Ans. Q = 145.62 kW) Water at 20°C flows normal tothe axis ofa circular tube with a velocity of 1.5 m/sec. The diameter of the tube is 25 mm. Calculate the average heat transfer coefficient if the tube surface is maintained at a uniform temperature 0f 80°C. Also estimate the heat transfer rate per unit length of the tube. Properties of water at Specific heat, 4.1813 kilky-K Kinematic viscosity, ‘v= 0.568 x 10 m/sec Thermal conductivity, Prandtl number, Pr = 368 Density, p = 990kgim? Dynamic viscosity of water (ji,) at / 80°C = 3.5456 x 10-4 kg/m-sec ML at 20°C = 1.006 x 10° kg/m-sec, Use the relation k = 0.6395 Wim-K 1 Na = (0.4 RPS + 0.06 Re®) pps (#:} [IES : 2006) [Ans. h = 11225.63 Wim?-K, QL = 6.45kW] sw yoalang 1aBakGOD @ Rd ON WIOG MON SUmKEONU ASW OWW Or 2 5 = z 3 14. TS, MADE Ensy eof 1.5cm diameter ‘Anelectrically heated spher is cooled ina quiescent medium of air at 315 In order of maintain the surface temper the sphere at 385 K, estimate the amount of heat to be supplied by the electrical heater D=15x10?m, T, =273+20= 293K 315+ 385 _ 9. The properties of air at —5——= 350K are ralure of Kinematic viscosity, v = 2.076 x 10° m’/sec Prandtl number, Pr= 0.697 ‘Thermal conductivity, k = 0.03 W/m-K Coefficient of thermal expansion, B = 1/7, =286x 109K? Use therelationship ij = 2+0.43 Ray! LIES : 2006) [Ans. Q = 0.631 W] A refrigerated truck carrying foodstuff is speeding on a highway at 90 km/h in a desert area where the ambient air temperature is 55°C. The body of the truck may be modelled as a rectangular box measuring 11 mong, 4m wide and 3 m high. Consider the boundary layer on the four walls to be turbulent and the heat transfer ‘only from the four surfaces. The wall surfaces of the truck are maintained at 10°C. Assume the flow to be parallel to 11 m long side. The thermo-physical properties at the mean-film temperature of 32.5°C are 7 P = 1.165 kg/m’, G, = 1.008 kJ/kg-K, K = 2.673 x 102 Wim-k, Vv = 16x 10% m/s and Pr = 0701 Workout the following: (i) Sketch the system and show the boundary layer development along length (i) Heat loss from the four surfaces (il) Tonnage of refrigeration needed (iv) Power required to overcome ‘the resistance acting on four surfaces [IES : 2007] Ans. (Il) Q=331.115 kW, (lil) 94.17 tonnes, (Wv) 3.602 kW] imMultiple Choice Questions from which all other equations of radiation can be derived? (2) Stefan - Boltzmann equation (bY Planck's equation () Wien's equation (d) Rayleigh - Jeans formula [IES : 2007] ‘or the circular tube of equal length and diameter shown in figure below, the view factor F,,is 0.17. The view factor F,, in this case will be fuzo fsa-0 az (b) 0.21 + (d) 0.83 (@ 017 (©) 0.79 [GATE: 2001] oS ‘A solid cylinder (surface 2) is located at the centre of a hollow sphere (surface 1). The diameter ofthe spheres 1 m, while the eylinder 1 Anat is the basic equation of thermal radiation | Radiation ay/‘etonctadaeereingone sites Emissive power of the first surface 4 €) View factor (d) Reradiation flux [IES : 2003] Q.5 Thermal radiation extends over the range of (@ 0.01001 pm (6) 0.110 100nm (©) 100t0250um~ (d) 250to 1000 nm emitting surface is 1. & 2. 6, = 150 ime 3. 6, = 300 Wimpm The spectral moat power E, for a diffusely forks 3um for3») 12 [GATE : 2015] Ps total emissive power of a surface is 900 Wim? at temperature T, and 1200 Wim? at a temperature T,, where the temperature are in Kelvin. Assuring the emissivity of the surface to be constant, the ratio of the temperature bs eres itis (@) 0.0308 (b) 0.416. (6) 0.874 (GATE : 2015] 32) 0.803 Numerical Data Type Questions “gat Anerispheial furnace of 1 m radius has the inner surface (emissivity, e =, 1) of its roof maintained at 800 K, while its floor (e = 0.5) is. kept at 600 K. Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 5.668 x 10° Wim2.K4, The net radiative heat transfer (in kW) from the roof to the floor is__ 24-93 kw [GATE : 2014] ‘Two infinite parallel plates are placed at a certain distance apart. An infinite radiation shield is inserted between the plates without touching any of them to reduce heat exchange between the N WORDT AWS OVI 01 EU TOATRTE BHAGOO © eam 70 peanporda’ 8q Feu ¥00q Sai y0 Wed ON im Bun ROUND) ue WI Da Workbook | 33 ay htt radius r, = 20 mmis placed concentrically inside a hollow sphere of radius 30 mm as shown in the figure. The view factor F,, for radiation heat transfer — Na: [GATE : 2014] Conventional Questions G4 Three thin-walled, long, circular cylinders 1, 2 ord of ciameters 150mm, 250mm and 350 mm 98" respectively are arranged concentrically. Temperature of cylinder 1 is 80 K and that of cylinder 3 is 300 K. Emissivity of cylinder 1, 2 ‘andi 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 respectively. Assuming that there is vacuum inside the annular spaces determine the steady state temperature attained by cylinder 2 [IES : 2014) During an experiment to measure the temperature of hot gas flowing through a large pipe with a small thermocouple located centrally inthe pipe. The following data are obtain under the steady state condition. (i) Velocity of the gas in the pipe line is 4 mis. (i) Temperature of the pipe wall is 400°C. (ii) Temperature indicated by the thermocouple is 580°C. plates, Assume that the emissivities of plates |= (iv) emmisivity of thermocouple is 0:3. and radiation shield are equal. The ratio of the | 5 (¥) Diameter of thermocouple junction = 1.5mm net heat exchange between the plates with and | 3 Calculate the true gas temperature. The without the shield is Va 3 convective heat transfer coefficient can be [GATE : 2014] calculated from. IE EASY i ae envio OE oor ee ery84 | ‘Mechanical Engineering @ Heat and Mass Transfer “ities ft Sa ee Nu, =0.5 Re, ates: a Sieg Properties of gases (at woe 8 Ayal. K= 49,72 x 10° wim “a 8 anc as aie p = 0.5224 kgim?. iat Comment on the method oe ‘which accuracy of 3 ‘the thermocouple can be improved. 3 anes "ETr a i Q.36 Sunlight of 1 kW/m? falls directly on a window which is a vertical sheet of plain glass. Sun is in | & South-west and 30° above horizon. Whndow | 5 12. points forwards the south. g Estimate the amountof solar energy that, 2 (enters the building through the window | 2 (i) is reflected by the window E Given black body emissivity power table # a ON, 5 1800 | 0.05210 5 2000 | o.oser2 z 2100 | 0.08305 3 15000 | 0.98803 E 16000 | 0.97377 B 17000 0.97765 2 (IAS : 2011] |. 3 | 73. Try Yourself 3 T1. The configuration of a furnace can be |= approximated as an equilateral triangular duct | = which is sufficiently long so that the end effects | # are negligible. The hot wall is maintained at 1000 K and has an emissivity of e, = 0.75. The cold walll is at 350 K and has an emissivity of €,= 0.7. The third wall is a reradiating zone for which Q, = 0. Determine the radiation heat flux leaving the hot wall 3 z wojesjuned vanum oa) MADE EASY Publications mADE anes ae By procnclany BLE “bay 350K £207 Reradiating wall [Ans. 2 26.72 kW im?) The spectral emissive power E, for a diffusely emitting surface is 0 fork < 4um 200W /(m?-pm) for4<’< 16um « 350W /(m?-m) for 16<%< 30pm 0 for A > 30um = (@) ‘Calculate the total emissive power of the ‘surface over the entire wavelength. (b) Calculate the intensity of radiation, assuming that is independent of direction. [Ans. 7.30 kW/m?, 2.32 kW/m?] ‘Two large parallel plates having emissivities of 0.25 and 0.5 are maintained at temperature of 1000 K and 500 K, respectively. A radiation shield having an emissivity of 0.1 m on both sides is placed between the two planes: Calculate (@) the heat-transfer rate per unit area if the shield were not present, (b) the heat-transter rate per unit area with the Presence of the shield, and (©) the temperature of the shield. (Ans. (a) 10.63 kW/m?, (b) 2.21 kW/m?, (c) 837.59 K]Heat Exchanger | 1 J Qf Inaheat exchanger, the temperature of the hot |® 3 > fluid decreases while the temperature of he cold | § fluid increases. The increase and decrease |& — A follows 5 (@) Anexponential aw $ (©) Aquadratic law I Alinear law F (@) Acubic law 5 i ‘Match List-| (Heat Exchanger Process) with | ¥ List-II (Temperature Area Diagram) and select | 2 i the correct answer using the codes given below | z the lists: ig 7 List-1 z A. Counter flow sensible heating + i B. Parallel flow sensible heating 5 5. C. Evaporating s D. Condensing 3 List-II 2 A T| & Codes: 2 A B C D i Wit tt 2 i - 12 @) 3 2 6 1 < © 4 3 2 5 3 @ 4 2 1 65 A z T| z {IES : 2004) |— i Inacounter flow heat exchanger, hot fluid enters A g at60°C and cold fluid leaves at 30°C. Mass flow * 7 yo [8 rate of the hot fluid is 1 kg/s and that the, cold ile fluid is 2 kg/s. Specific heat of the hot fluid is 7 8 410 ki/kgK and that of the cold fluid is 5 kW/kgK. MADE EASY PublicationsCovuntion facln —> forcwn fo0- 86 | Mechanical Engineering _e Heat and Mass Transfer The Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) for the heat exchanger in °C is (@) 15 (b) ©) % (@) 45 [GATE : 2007] of Hot oil is cooled from 80°C to 50°C in an oil cooler which uses air as the coolant, The air temperature rises from 30°C to 40°C. The designer uses a LMTD value of 26°C. The type of heat exchanger is (@) parallel flow (©) counter flow Re) (b) double pipe (d) cross flow [GATE : 2005] (5 After expansion from a gas turbine, the hot exhaust gases are used to heat the compressed, So air from a compressor with the help of & ee flow compact heat exchanger of 0.8 effectiveness, The number of transfer units of the heat exchanger is (@) 2 s0) 4 © 8 @) 16 [IES : 2005) A solar assisted air conditioning system, 1 kg/sec of ambient air is to be preheated by the same amount of air leaving the system. A counter flow heat exchanger having an area of 60 m? with overall heat transfer coefficient of 25 Wim?K is used for this purpose. Assuming Cc, for air is 1 kg/kgK. The effectiveness of the heat exchanger is (@) 04 . (c) 1.6 J oe (@) 2 [DRDO : 2009] of te overall heat transfer coefficient for a shell and tube heat exchanger for clean surfaces is U, = 400 Wim?K. The fouling factor after one year of operation is found to be tpooo Wim?k. The overall heat transfer nt at this time is (@) 1200Wim’k —(b) 894 Wim? (c) 333Wim’K = (d): 287 Wim?k [GATE Chemical Engg. : 2001] Ngo = a palans WONG 1 man SUONED|ONY ASYS SVN O19) To peanpondes oq few wood =i Pai i730 uaiyam Buy you wn} AOR “3 MADE EAsy Publications Q.8 Assertion (A): A counter flow heat exchanger is themodynamically more efficient than the parallel flow type. Reason (R): A counter flow heat exchanger has a lower LMTD for the same temperature conditions. Of these statements (a) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A (b) both A and R are true but Ris not a correct ‘explanation of A (©) Ais true but Ris false (d) Ais false but Ris true [IES : 2003] 98 (C, = 4.18 kd/kg.k) at 80°C enters @ counterflow heat exchanger with a mass flow rate of 0.5 kgls. Air (C, = 1 kJ/kg.K) enters at 30°C with a mass flow rate of 2.09 ka/s. If the effectiveness of the heat exchanger is 0.8, the LMTD (in °C) is, 7 (@) 40 () 20 ° ro @s [GATE : 2012] }O Saturated vapor is condensed to saturated liquid in a condenser. The heat capacity ratio is Cin C, C, The effectiveness(e) of the condenser is, t-expl-NTU(I+C,)] 146, 4-exp[-NTU(1-C,)] ©) SeC,ENTUTI=C,)] NTU © tena UarT- expt NTU) [GATE : 2015) A balanced counterflow heat exchanger has a Surface area of 20 m? and overall heat transfer Coefficient of 20 Wim?-K, Air (C, = 1000 Jikg-K) entering at 0.4 kg/s and 280 Kis to be preheatedMADE EASY Publications — by the air leaving the system al 0.4 kg/s and 300 K. The temperature (in K) of the preheated air is (a) 290 (©) 200 (©) 320 (d) 350 IGATE : 2015] Numerical Data Type Questions oy a concentric counter flow heat exchanger, water flows thrOugh the inner tube at 25°C and leaves at 42°C. The engine oil enters at 100°C and flows in the annular flow passage. The exit temperature of the engine ollis 50°C. Mass flow rate of water and the engine oil are 1.5kg/s and 1 kgls, respectively. The specitic heat of water and oil are 4178 J/kg.K and 2130 Jikg.K, respectively. The effectiveness of this heat exchanger is 0 -6 T [GATE : 2014] Q 119k double pipe counter flow heat exchanger transfers heat between two water streams, Tube side water at 19 litre/s is heated from 10°C to 38°C. Shell side water at 25 litre/s is entering at 46°C. Assume constant properties of water, density is 1000 kg/m* and specific heat is 4186 J/kg-K. The LMTD (in °C) is 4-02. "0 [GATE : 2014] we In-a condenser of a power plant, the steam condenses ata temperature of 60°C. The cooling water enters at 30°C and leaves at 45°C. The Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LYITD) of the condenser is_@p°C + ina parallel flow heat exchanger operating under steady state, the heat capacity rates (product of specific heat at constant pressure and mass flow rate) of the hot and cold fluid are equal The hot fluid, flowing at 1 kg/s with G, = 4 kJlkaK, enters the heat exchanger at 102 °C while the cold fluid has an inlet ma yaalang wibnkdoD © ‘oIssiued Uenim Syl NOWIM UNO) KDB Ui PasHnIA To peonpeIde) 9a feu Hood SluITo Ned ON TuisG MAN SlRRPaIGha ASWI TOWN V7 Workbook 87 to be 1 KWim®K and the corresponding heat transfer surface area is 5 m?. Neglect heat transfer between the heat exchanger and the ambient. The heat exchanger is characterized by the following relation: 2¢ = 1 — expt(-2NTU). The exit temperature (in ~C) forthe cold fuid is 54 is & Q.76 Cooling water at a steady rate of 0.5 kg/s flows through an inner tube having inner diameter of 25 mm and length of 10 m of a tube-in-tube condenser. The mean inlet temperature of cooling water is 10°C. Saturated steam condenses in the annulus at auniform rate such yj that the inner surface temperature ofthe tubeis constant throughout the length of the tube at 40°C. The average gondensing side heat transfer coefficient is 10000 Wim?K. Neglect the thickness of the heat exchanger tube. Calculate the effectiveness of the heat exchanger and the exit water temperature. Properties of water are given below: Specific heat = 4180 J/kgk Density = 990 kg/m’, Dynamic viscosity = 0.8 x 10-3 Pascal.sec Thermal conductivity = 0.57 Wim-K You may use the relation Nu= 0,023 Re? ® PP+ {IES : 2012] ies chemical plant a solution of density 1100 kglm? and specific heat capacity 4.6 kIkg-K is to be heated from 65 to 100°C. The required flow rate of the solution is 11.8 kg/s. A tubular heat exchanger is used for this with the solution flowing at about 1.2 m/s in 25.mm bore iron Conventional Questions ae & Ww 1, e tubes and being heated by wet steam at 115°C. The length of the tubes is not to exceed 3.5 m. Taking inside and outside heat transfer coefficient as 5 and 10 kWim?K and neglecting the thermal resistance of the tube wall estimate the number of tubes and the number of tube temperature of 15 °C, The overall heat transfer Passes required. coefficient for the heat exchanger is estimated [IES : 2014] MADE EASY Elicationc or (ecopyiahe Publications sypubeaioncra) vu ove so4) ro po ° B on % % Mechanical Engineering ® Heat and Mi Transfer SS MADE EASY Publications The inner tube is thin walled and has a diameter Q.J6 Find the surface area required for a surface ‘i transfer coefticien alin ne dealing with 25000 kg of saturated | of 15mm. Ifthe overall heat tr. tient 2 of the heat exchanger is 600 Wi(m?.°C), steam per hour at a pressure of 0.5 bar. | g determine the length of the heat exchanger ‘Temperature of condensing water is 25°C. | if 7 required for the purpose. The specific heats of Cooling water is heated from 15°C to 25°C while | = a ° water and geothermal fluid are 4.18 and passing through the condenser. Assume a | 2 a g 4.31 kdi(kg - °C) respectively. Use both (a) the heat transfet coefficient of 10 kWim?K. The |= 3thod. I LMTD method and (b) the NTU - e metho condenser has 2 water passes with tubes of | 3 aa 19mm OD and 1.2 mm thickness. Find the | # [Ans. L = 129.87 m] length and no. of tubes per pass. Assume |3|T2, Adouble-pipe heat exchanger of 0.30™m length velocity of water is 1 m/s. Assume correction | 5 is to be used to heat water [c, = 4.18 kd/(kg - k)] factor for 2 tube pass exchanger as 0.86. At | m from 25°C to 50°C at a flew rate of 2 kg/s. The 0.5 bar saturation temperature is 32.5°C and | 2 water flows through the inner tube, while the oil latent heat is 2560 kJ/kg. Sp. heat of water is | 2 [cp = 1.88 kul(kg - K)] as the hot fluid flows in 4.18'kJ/kg K and density is 1000 kgim®. E the annulus with an inlet temperature of 100°C. {ies : 2009) | (@) Considering a parallel-flow arrangement, i determine the minimum flow rate required g for the oil Try Yourself 5 (0) Considering a counterfiow arrangement, 7 z determine the minimum flow rate required Water is heated from 30°C to 90°C ina countertlow | for oil. What is the effectiveness of the heat double-pipe heat exchanger. Water flows at the | & exchanger under this situation? rate of 1.2 kgIS. The heating is a accomplished | [Ans. (a) rit, = 2.22 kg/sec, (b) e= 1, by a geothermal fluid which enters the heat | 5 ae exchanger at 160°C atamass flowrate of 2kg/s. | > hy = 1.48 ka/sec] Pe — 3 3 MADE EASY Publications: