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CESTODES Fish Tape Worm

Cestodes, commonly known as tapeworms, are long, segmented parasites found in the intestines of humans and animals, characterized by a scolex, neck, and strobila. They lack a body cavity and alimentary canal, with a complete reproductive system in each segment, and are classified into intestinal and tissue cestodes. The life cycle involves multiple hosts, with transmission primarily through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, leading to potential clinical symptoms such as nausea and megaloblastic anemia.

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8 views4 pages

CESTODES Fish Tape Worm

Cestodes, commonly known as tapeworms, are long, segmented parasites found in the intestines of humans and animals, characterized by a scolex, neck, and strobila. They lack a body cavity and alimentary canal, with a complete reproductive system in each segment, and are classified into intestinal and tissue cestodes. The life cycle involves multiple hosts, with transmission primarily through the consumption of raw or undercooked fish, leading to potential clinical symptoms such as nausea and megaloblastic anemia.

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ibrahimmuhammad72005
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CESTODES

General Characteristics
Majority are long, segmented and tape-like are called tapeworms.Dorso-ventrally flattened.Size
varies from a few mm to several meters.Adult worms are found in the intestinal canal of man and
animals.Eggs laid by adult worms passed in faeces.Larval stage seen in the intermediate host.
There are 3 regions in an adult worm:
• Head (scolex) : is provided with suckers and sometimes with hooks that serve as organs
of attachment
• Neck
• Strobila (body or trunk) :Consist of a series of segment called proglottids
According to maturity of reproductive organs, three types of segments of the strobila can be
recognized.
Immature: male and female organs are not differentiated
Mature: male and female organs have become differentiated (male organs appear first)
Gravid: uteri are filled with eggs (other organs are atrophied or have disappeared)

General Characteristics
Sexes are not separate.Body cavity is absent.Alimentary canal is entirely absent.Excretory and
nervous systems are present.Reproductive system is present and complete in each segment
Classification of Cestodes
According to Habitat
A. Intestinal Cestodes
A.Pseudophyllidean cestodes: Possessing slit like grooves (bothria )
Dyphillobothrium latum
B.Cyclophylladean cestodes : Possessing round suckers.
Taenia saginata ( beef tapeworm )
Taenia solium ( pork tapeworm )
Hymenolepis nana (Dwarf tapeworm )

suckers

B. Tissue cestodes :
 Echinococcus granulosus
 Echinococcus multilocularis
 Echinococcus oligarthrus

Intestinal Cestodes
Diphyllobothrium latum (Fish tapeworm)
A pseudophyllidean tapeworm with two bothria (slit-like sucking organs).
diphyllobothriasis
Habitat: Ileum (Man, dog, cat, fish-eating animals). Scolex embedded in mucosa.
Morphology:
Adult worm: ivory coloured.4-10 metres. Head (Scolex), spoon shaped, two slit-like suckers.
Slender neck. Proglottids (Segments), 3000-4000. Hermaphrodite (Male & female organs
together)
Egg: Bile-stained, oval, 70 x 45µm. Operculum at one end and knob-like thickening on other.
Granumated yolk material with unsegmented ovum. Does not float in salt solution. Ova not
infective to man.

Larvae: Egg develops in water to free-swimming larvae (Coracidium) in 2-4weeks.


1st stage larva: Coracidium
2nd stage larva: Procercoid.
3rd stage larva: Plerocercoid.
Epidemiology
Distribution: Prevalent worldwide where raw & pickled fish is consumed.,
Transmission: Consumption of raw or undercooked fish (Trout, Salmon, Pike, White fish etc.)
Reservoirs:
Infected animals- Bears, dogs, cat, fox etc.
Life cycle
Defenitive host : man, dog and cat
First intermediate: cyclops
Second intermediate: fresh water fish.
Infective form : plerocercoid larvae.
The entire life cycle can be summed up in 9 stages with 4 hosts:
1 : Immature D. latum eggs are passed in the feces of the human host.
2. These eggs then complete development in fresh water.
Life Cycle continues in crustaceans:
3. Small, ciliated coracidium larvae hatch from mature eggs, and swim about until ingested by
crustaceans.
4. The second larval stage is completed in the crustacean with the development of the procercoid.
Life Cycle then moves to fish:
5. Infected crustaceans are the ingested by small freshwater fish. The procercoid larva are then
released from the crustacean into the fish. The larvae continue to develop in the flesh of the fish,
developing into the plerocercoid stage, which is the infective stage for humans. If humans ingest
this fish, they will become infected.
6. Thus, a larger predator fish ingests the smaller infected fish. The plerocercoid may infect the
larger fish, but will not continue to grow as the fish is only a transport host.
Life Cycle completes itself in Human or other suitable Mammal:
7. Human (or other mammal) ingests raw or undercooked infected fish.
8. Plerocerciod larva is not digested, but instead remains in the small intestine of its new host and
grows to adulthood.
9. Proglottids release immature eggs, completing the cycle.

Clinical disease:
Most infections asymptomatic. Nausea, vomiting, weight loss.
Megaloblastic anaemia: Worm interferes with intrinsic factor or absorb Vit B12. Leads to
neurological manifestations.
Lab diagnosis:
Stool examination: Bile-stained eggs. Proglottids (segments) in chains.
Immunodiagnosis: ELISA< Latex agglutination.
Treatment: Niclosamide., Praziquental. Vit B12.

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