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Grade 9 - CPU, Motherboard, and Data Bus

The CPU, known as the brain of the computer, performs input processing, data storage, and output generation while controlling all system activities. It consists of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) for computations, the Control Unit (CU) for directing operations, and registers for temporary data storage. CPUs can be single-core or multi-core, with speed measured in GHz, and are connected to the motherboard, which integrates all components and facilitates communication through various bus types.

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10 views9 pages

Grade 9 - CPU, Motherboard, and Data Bus

The CPU, known as the brain of the computer, performs input processing, data storage, and output generation while controlling all system activities. It consists of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) for computations, the Control Unit (CU) for directing operations, and registers for temporary data storage. CPUs can be single-core or multi-core, with speed measured in GHz, and are connected to the motherboard, which integrates all components and facilitates communication through various bus types.

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shakyasujay3
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Definition: The CPU is the brain of the computer that performs all processing tasks.
• The CPU performs three main functions:
1. Input processing
2. Data storage and movement
3. Output generation
• It carries out arithmetic and logical operations.
• The CPU controls all the activities of a computer system.
Functions of the CPU

• Fetching: Retrieves instructions from memory.

• Decoding: CU interprets instructions.

• Executing: ALU processes instructions.

• Storing: Results stored in registers, RAM, or storage.

• Controlling: Sends control signals to other components (RAM, GPU, storage, etc.)
Main Components:

• Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs arithmetic and logical operations.

• Control Unit (CU): Supervises and coordinates all CPU operations.

• Memory Unit (RAM): Temporarily stores data and instructions.


Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)

• Performs actual computations (arithmetic and logic).

• Takes data from memory and temporary registers.

• Operates using an instruction code (opcode).

• Can be split into:

• AU: Arithmetic Unit (add, subtract, multiply, divide)

• LU: Logic Unit (compare operations like =, <, >)


Control Unit (CU)

• Directs and controls operations of internal and external devices.

• Transfers data, interprets instructions, sends control signals.

• Works in small steps to complete tasks.

Registers

• Temporary, high-speed memory inside the CPU.

• Stores instructions, intermediate data, and results.


Types of CPUs
• Single-core: One core to process tasks.
• Multi-core: Two or more cores (e.g., dual-core, quad-core) to process multiple tasks at the same time.

Additional Points
• The speed of a CPU is measured in GHz (Gigahertz).
• A faster CPU means faster processing.
• CPU is located on the motherboard inside the computer.
Motherboard

• Main Printed Circuit Board (PCB) of the computer.

• Connects all components: CPU, RAM, storage, keyboard, etc.

• Referred to as the main/system/planar board.

Functions:

• Backbone of the computer.

• Hosts modular parts like CPU, RAM, and hard drives.

• Provides expansion slots and distributes power.

• Maintains interface between components.


Buses (Data Pathways)
• Definition: Wires that carry data, instructions, and signals between components.
• Types:
• Parallel Bus: Multiple lines for fast data transfer.
• Serial Bus: Transfers data one bit at a time.
Bus Types:
• Data Bus: Transfers data.
• Address Bus: Carries memory addresses.
• Control Bus: Carries control signals.
Function:
• Connects internal components to CPU and memory.
• Transfers and manages different data types.

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