Intro: the given ( name) graph illustrates how much/how many/ the share of X from ….

to ……
Overall, there was an upward trend in X,, while the opposite was true for that of ……… ( Nếu có 1
trend khác ). In addition, ……. always had the highest/lowest figure(s) over the period shown.

Nếu tất cả đều tăng or giảm => There was an increase/decrease in all …… categories in question, with
…….. witnessing the most dramatic rise/fall
With + S + ving

4 cấu trúc
1. The number/proportion/amount of X started at …..…., after which it experienced a rise/decline to ….
In ….., before ending the period at …….
2. (a) Similar/opposite pattern(s), but to (a) greater/less significant extent(s) can be seen in the
figure(s) for ….., which increased from …… in …. to …. In ….
3. Data …….. ( S+V+O) , with a subsequent increase/ drop to/ fluctuation to ….. and a final decline to
……….
4. The figure(s) for ……. was at ……, followed by a slow/significant growth to ………

Ngoài ra
Despite a negligible/substantial decrease/increase in + số năm ( Nếu có xuống rồi lên/ Lên rồi xuống )
Kept rising/decreasing to ………..
Rebound to reach ……………..
North of = Just above
Shy of = Just under
Downward/upward fluctuation (s)
Fluctuated in the range from Data to Data.
shared (a) comparible fashion (s).

Nhớ :
B1: Xác định dạng bài
B2: Xác định đối tượng nghiên cứu
B3: Xác định đơn vị

Task achievement
Grammar
Vocab
Coherence and Cohesion
The given chart illustrates the proportion of federal investment in traffic infrastructures in 4 nations,
namely Italia, Portugal, the UK and The USA from 1990 to 2005.
Overall, there was a downward trend in national spending in Italy, Portugal, and the UK, while the
opposite was true for that of the USA. In addition, the UK always had the lowest figures over the period
shown.
Looking more specifically, the share of Italian federal investment started at 22%, after which it
experienced a decline to 20% in 1995, before ending the period at 18%. A similar pattern, but to a
greater extent, can be seen in the figures for Portugal, which decreased from 27% in the beginning to
24% in 1995, and kept falling to 20% at the end of the period.
Furthermore, one-tenth of the British national budget was channeled into the development of traffic
facilities in 1990, with a subsequent fluctuation in the range from 9% and 13% in the following decade,
and a final decline to 7%. Oppositely, the spending of the US government was at north of 10% 1990,
followed by a moderate growth by 4% after 15 years, despite a negligible drop of 1% in the first 5 years.
The given graph illustrates the share of Parliament female representations in European nations namely
Germany, Italy, France, the UK and Belgium over the period of 12 years since 2000.
Overall, There was an increase in all categories in question, with the UK witnessing the most dramatic
rise. Looking in more detail, the share of Germany started at shy of 35% , after which it experienced a
slightly increase of 35%in 2008, before ending the period at 37%. However, A similar pattern, but to a
greater extent, can be seen in the figures for French, which decreased from one- quarter in the
beginning to almost 30% in 2008, and kept climbing to 32% at the end of the period.
Data of women who worked for parliament in the UK , with a subsequent rise from only 4% to one
fifth in next 8 years and a final 24%. In the beginning, the rate of women staff working for Belgium
parliament was at 17%, followed by a significant growth to 23% and kept falling slightly by 23% at the
end of the period. Finally, Italy was the second ranked country with the highest level of female
representation in 2000 at around 23%. After 12 years, Italy had become the greatest proportion of
countries, shy of two fifths.

The given line graph details how much money

the given line graph illustrates how many million dollars was spent on books by citizens from 4
nations, namely Germany, France, Italy and Australia from 1995 to 2005

Overall, there was an increase in all 4 countries’ expenditure, with that of Australia witnessing the most
dramatic rise.
In detail, the amount of money spent on books in Germany was the highest of all 4 countries, starting
at 80 million dollars, after which it experienced a slight decline to 85 million dollars in 2003, before
reaching the highest point at 96 million dollars in the end. a similar pattern, but to a greater extent can
be seen in the figure for Australia's book investment, which increased from 30 million dollars in the
beginning to 40 billion in 1999 and kept rising dramatically to north of 70 million dollars in ???.
Furthermore, in 1995, 50 million dollars was expended on books by the Italian, with a subsequent
increase to 55 million in 1997, a final increase to just above 60 million dollars. Finally, the figure for
French was at 55 million USD, followed by a slow growth to 60 million in next 4 years, preceding a final
growth by 15 million.

Ngoài ra
Despite a negligible/substantial decrease/increase in + số năm ( Nếu có xuống rồi lên/ Lên rồi xuống )
Kept rising/decreasing to ………..
Rebound to reach ……………..
North of = Just above
Shy of = Just under
Downward/upward fluctuation (s)
Fluctuated in the range from Data to Data.
shared (a) comparible fashion (s).
The given line graph illustrates the share of visitors to Scotland who layoff attractions respective:
Aquarium, Castle, zoo and festival from 1980 to 2010

Overall, there was an upward trend in castle and zoo while the opposite was true for that of
aquarium and festival. In addition, the proportion of visitor to Scotland’s castles always had the highest
figure(s) over the period shown.

As it observed, the proportion of visitor who chose castle as a destination to visit when they are in
Scoland started at shy of 25%, after which it experienced a rise/decline to …. In ….., before ending the
period at …….
2. (a) Similar/opposite pattern(s), but to (a) greater/less significant extent(s) can be seen in the
figure(s) for ….., which increased from …… in …. to …. In ….
3. Data …….. ( S+V+O) , with a subsequent increase/ drop to/ fluctuation to ….. and a final decline to
……….
4. The figure(s) for ……. was at ……, followed by a slow/significant growth to ………

Ngoài ra
Despite a negligible/substantial decrease/increase in + số năm ( Nếu có xuống rồi lên/ Lên rồi xuống )
Kept rising/decreasing to ………..
Rebound to reach ……………..
North of = Just above
Shy of = Just under
Downward/upward fluctuation (s)
Fluctuated in the range from Data to Data.
shared (a) comparible fashion (s).
The line chart illustrates the proportion of US government spending on research in 5 fields from 1980 to
2008.

Overall, There was an increase in all 5 categories in question, with a budget for Health. witnessing the
most dramatic rise. In addition, the spending on General Science had the lowest figure over the period
shown.
1. The number/proportion/amount of X started at …..…., after which it experienced a rise/decline to ….
In ….., before ending the period at …….
2. (a) Similar/opposite pattern(s), but to (a) greater/less significant extent(s) can be seen in the
figure(s) for ….., which increased from …… in …. to …. In ….
3. Data …….. ( S+V+O) , with a subsequent increase/ drop to/ fluctuation to ….. and a final decline to
……….
4. The figure(s) for ……. was at ……, followed by a slow/significant growth to ………

Ngoài ra
Despite a negligible/substantial decrease/increase in + số năm ( Nếu có xuống rồi lên/ Lên rồi xuống )
Kept rising/decreasing to ………..
Rebound to reach ……………..
North of = Just above
Shy of = Just under
Downward/upward fluctuation (s)
Fluctuated in the range from Data to Data.
shared (a) comparible fashion (s).

Intro: the given ( name) graph illustrates how much/how many/ the share of X from …. to ……
Overall, there was an upward trend in X,, while the opposite was true for that of ……… ( Nếu có 1
trend khác ). In addition, ……. always had the highest/lowest figure(s) over the period shown.

Nếu tất cả đều tăng or giảm => There was an increase/decrease in all …… categories in question, with
…….. witnessing the most dramatic rise/fall
With + S + ving

4 cấu trúc
1. The number/proportion/amount of X started at …..…., after which it experienced a rise/decline to ….
In ….., before ending the period at …….
2. (a) Similar/opposite pattern(s), but to (a) greater/less significant extent(s) can be seen in the
figure(s) for ….., which increased from …… in …. to …. In ….
3. Data …….. ( S+V+O) , with a subsequent increase/ drop to/ fluctuation to ….. and a final decline to
……….
4. The figure(s) for ……. was at ……, followed by a slow/significant growth to ………

Ngoài ra
Despite a negligible/substantial decrease/increase in + số năm ( Nếu có xuống rồi lên/ Lên rồi xuống )
Kept rising/decreasing to ………..
Rebound to reach ……………..
North of = Just above
Shy of = Just under
Downward/upward fluctuation (s)
Fluctuated in the range from Data to Data.
shared (a) comparible fashion (s).
. Intro: the given ( name) graph illustrates how much/how many/ the share of X from …. to ……

Overall, there was an upward trend in X,, while the opposite was true for that of ……… ( Nếu có 1
trend khác ). In addition, ……. always had the highest/lowest figure(s) over the period shown.

Nếu tất cả đều tăng or giảm => There was an increase/decrease in all …… categories in question, with
…….. witnessing the most dramatic rise/fall
With + S + ving

4 cấu trúc
1. The number/proportion/amount of X started at …..…., after which it experienced a rise/decline to ….
In ….., before ending the period at …….
2. (a) Similar/opposite pattern(s), but to (a) greater/less significant extent(s) can be seen in the
figure(s) for ….., which increased from …… in …. to …. In ….
3. Data …….. ( S+V+O) , with a subsequent increase/ drop to/ fluctuation to ….. and a final decline to
……….
4. The figure(s) for ……. was at ……, followed by a slow/significant growth to ………

Ngoài ra
Despite a negligible/substantial decrease/increase in + số năm ( Nếu có xuống rồi lên/ Lên rồi xuống )
Kept rising/decreasing to ………..
Rebound to reach ……………..
North of = Just above
Shy of = Just under
Downward/upward fluctuation (s)
Fluctuated in the range from Data to Data.
shared (a) comparible fashion (s).
The table shows the share of household income expended on 4 different domains
on a monthly basis in five European nations.
Overall, five European countries spend the most money on Food and Drink and
Housing areas; meanwhile, clothing was the least invested spending area in all 5
nations examined except for Turkey.
Turkey’s spending on Food and Drink accounts for 36%, followed by that of Spain
and the UK, which are 31% and 27%. The spendings on this area in France and
Germany are lower, reported to be 25% and 22% respectively. In addition, the UK
allocates the most money on Housing, at 37%, ahead of Germany (33%) and
France (31%). A rough similarity can be witnessed in the proportions of
expenditure on housing in Turkey and Spain, which are 20% and 18% in that order
Further investigation into the table reveals that Germany spending on clothing is
the highest, at 15%, double that of France and Spain and is approximately 3%
higher than the figures of The UK and Turkey. Similarly, the German channels
19% of their earning every month into recreational activities. This figure is
followed by Spain (15%) and France (13%). Finally, the percentages of allocation
on entertainment in The UK and Turkey share comparable figures, reported to be
around 11%.
Intro: the given ( name) graph illustrates how much/how many/ the share of X from …. to ……
Overall, there was an upward trend in X,, while the opposite was true for that of ……… ( Nếu có 1
trend khác ). In addition, ……. always had the highest/lowest figure(s) over the period shown.

Nếu tất cả đều tăng or giảm => There was an increase/decrease in all …… categories in question, with
…….. witnessing the most dramatic rise/fall
With + S + ving

4 cấu trúc
1. The number/proportion/amount of X started at …..…., after which it experienced a rise/decline to ….
In ….., before ending the period at …….
2. (a) Similar/opposite pattern(s), but to (a) greater/less significant extent(s) can be seen in the
figure(s) for ….., which increased from …… in …. to …. In ….
3. Data …….. ( S+V+O) , with a subsequent increase/ drop to/ fluctuation to ….. and a final decline to
……….
4. The figure(s) for ……. was at ……, followed by a slow/significant growth to ………

Ngoài ra
Despite a negligible/substantial decrease/increase in + số năm ( Nếu có xuống rồi lên/ Lên rồi xuống )
Kept rising/decreasing to ………..
Rebound to reach ……………..
North of = Just above
Shy of = Just under
Downward/upward fluctuation (s)
Fluctuated in the range from Data to Data.
shared (a) comparible fashion (s).