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Research #3 Finals (Threading)

The document provides an overview of screw threads, detailing their definitions, parts, types, and classifications. It emphasizes the importance of precision in thread design and manufacturing, including calculations for thread dimensions and rules for cutting threads using a lathe. The synthesis reflects the author's deeper understanding of threads as critical design elements in mechanical engineering.

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janreynar.pahang
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4 views6 pages

Research #3 Finals (Threading)

The document provides an overview of screw threads, detailing their definitions, parts, types, and classifications. It emphasizes the importance of precision in thread design and manufacturing, including calculations for thread dimensions and rules for cutting threads using a lathe. The synthesis reflects the author's deeper understanding of threads as critical design elements in mechanical engineering.

Uploaded by

janreynar.pahang
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME: JANREYNAR M. PAHANG INSTRUCTOR: PROF.DARIO V.

GAWALA
YEAR & SECTION: BSME 1B RESEARCH #4, 2 ND SEMESTER

TOPIC DESCRIPTION ILLUSTRATION

Define Thread A thread is a helical structure formed on the


surface of a cylindrical or conical object,
commonly seen on screws, bolts, and nuts.

Major Diameter – The largest diameter of the


external or internal thread.

Minor Diameter – The smallest diameter of


the external or internal thread.

Pitch – The distance between two adjacent


threads, measured parallel to the axis.

Lead – The distance a screw advances axially


What are the thread in one complete revolution.
terminologies and
their meaning and Crest – The topmost surface of the thread.
function? Root – The bottom of the groove between
two adjacent threads.

Flank – The surface connecting the crest and


root of the thread.

Thread Angle – The angle between the flanks


of the thread, measured in an axial plane.

Helix Angle – The angle formed between the


helix of the thread and the axis of the screw.
The main parts of a screw thread are:
1. Head – The top part of the screw,
designed to be turned or tightened
with a tool (e.g., screwdriver,
wrench).
2. Shank – The body of the screw
connecting the head to the threaded
section, which can be smooth or have
minor ridges.
3. Threads – The helical ridges on the
What are the parts screw’s surface that engage with
of the screw thread corresponding threads in a mating
hole or nut, facilitating fastening and
and their function creating a secure bond.
or uses? 4. Tip – The pointed end of the screw,
which facilitates penetration into the
material and can be thread-forming,
thread-cutting, or self-drilling.

1. External Thread – Found on bolts,


What are the 2 kinds screws, and studs.
of thread? 2. Internal Thread – Found inside nuts,
holes, or tapped components.

Three Types of Thread

 V-Thread – Used for general


fastening, such as metric and unified
What are the 3 threads.
types of thread?  Square Thread – Used for power
transmission, such as lead screws.

 Acme Thread – A modified square


thread for lead screws with improved
strength.
What are the Unified Threads Standard (UTS) is among the
most widely adopted thread machining
standard form of standards globally. It is mainly used in the USA
threads? and is the American equivalent of the Metric
ISO thread. Only the unit of measurement
inch instead of centimeter is used.

What are the 3  Class 1A/1B – Loose fit, used for quick
classification of assembly and disassembly.
 Class 2A/2B – The most common,
external and balancing cost, ease of
internal thread manufacturing, and performance.
 Class 3A/3B – Tightest fit, used for
high-precision applications like socket
cap screws.

Formula for Thread Calculation:

1
Pitch (P) =
Thread per Inch (TPI )

What are the Major Diameter (D) ≈ Nominal Diameter


formula in thread Minor Diameter (d) = D−(1.299 × P) for metric
calculation. Give an threads
example, problem Pitch Diameter (Dp) = D-(0.6495 × P)
and solution.
Example Problem:
A metric screw has a nominal diameter of
10mm and 1.5mm pitch. Find the minor
diameter.
Solution:
Using the formula:

d = D – (1.299 × P)
d = 10 – (1.299 × P)
d = 10 - 1.9485
d ≈ 8.05mm
1. Using the Half-Nut Lever:
 Always engage the half-nut lever at
the correct point to maintain thread
alignment.
 Once engaged, do not disengage the
What are the rules half-nut until the threading pass is
for thread cutting complete, especially for metric
threads where the half-nut must
using half-nut lever remain engaged.
and the threading  When returning for another pass, use
dial indicator? the reverse function of the lathe (for
metric threads) or disengage and use
the threading dial indicator (for inch-
based threads) to re-engage at the
correct point.
2. Using the Threading Dial Indicator
(TDI):
 For Even Numbered Threads per Inch
(TPI) - Engage the half-nut lever on
any number on the dial.
 For Odd Numbered TPI - Engage the
half-nut lever on the same number
each time.
 For Half-TPI Threads - Engage on the
same numbered division or specific
marks on the dial (such as 1, 3, 5, 7).
 For Metric Threads (on an Imperial
Lathe) - The half-nut must remain
engaged, and the carriage must be
returned using reverse motion.
Synthesis:

As a Mechanical Engineering student, learning about threads has opened my eyes to


how precision and standardization play a vital role in mechanical design and manufacturing. At
first glance, threads seemed simple just the spirals on bolts or screws but diving deeper into
their structure and function has shown me their true complexity and importance.

I now understand that every part of a thread, from the major and minor diameters to the pitch,
lead, and thread angle, affects how components fit and function together. The crest, root, and
flank all contribute to the strength and reliability of the threaded connection

I've also learned to distinguish between external and internal threads, and between different
thread types V-threads for general fastening, square threads for power transmission, and Acme
threads for stronger, easier-to-machine alternatives. Understanding these distinctions made me
realize how choosing the right thread type is not just about fit but about performance, load
distribution, and ease of manufacturing.

When it comes to lathe thread cutting, the role of the half-nut lever and threading dial indicator
(TDI) became clearer. I’ve realized how important it is to engage the half-nut at the right time
and to maintain synchronization, especially for metric threads. These procedures might seem
tedious, but I now understand how even a slight timing mistake can lead to misaligned threads,
compromising the entire component.

Applying formulas like calculating minor diameter and pitch diameter gave me hands-on
experience in thread geometry, which I know will be essential in machining and design. Solving
problems like determining the minor diameter from the nominal diameter and pitch made the
theory more tangible.

In short, I’ve come to see threads not just as mechanical features but as critical design
elements. This topic has helped me appreciate the balance between form, function, and
manufacturability ,one of the core principles in Mechanical Engineering. As I continue my
studies, I’ll carry forward this understanding, knowing that even the smallest details, like a
thread’s angle or pitch, can have a huge impact on the success of a machine or structure.

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