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ECG Explained

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a noninvasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart to check for heart disease and monitor heart health. It involves attaching electrodes to the skin to measure heart rhythms and can be performed in various settings, including hospitals and clinics. ECGs are crucial for diagnosing conditions like arrhythmias, heart enlargement, and damage, and they can also help assess the effectiveness of treatments.

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9 views20 pages

ECG Explained

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a noninvasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart to check for heart disease and monitor heart health. It involves attaching electrodes to the skin to measure heart rhythms and can be performed in various settings, including hospitals and clinics. ECGs are crucial for diagnosing conditions like arrhythmias, heart enlargement, and damage, and they can also help assess the effectiveness of treatments.

Uploaded by

Nihal Dz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ECG

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

NEHAL HADDANA
CONTENT: THE HUMAN
HEART

WHAT IS ECG? ECG RHYTHMS

ECG PROCEDURE
PARTS OF ECG

TYPES OF ECG WHY IS IT DONE?

USES OF ECG
The Human
Heart:
The human heart is an organ that pumps blood
throughout the body via the circulatory system, supplying
oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and removing carbon
dioxide and other wastes.

Body Tissues are in continues need for oxygen and blood


to survive

Making sure the heart is always healthy before doing any


procedure or test is crucial

EEG is used for that exact purpose


DID YOU KNOW YOUR
HEART CAN DO THIS?
Facts about the human heart:
A human heart is roughly the size of a large fist.
The heart weighs between about 10 to 12 ounces (280 to
340 grams) in men and 8 to 10 ounces (230 to 280 grams)
in women.
The heart beats about 100,000 times per day (about 3
billion beats in a lifetime).
An adult heart beats about 60 to 80 times per minute.
Newborns' hearts beat faster than adult hearts, about 70 to
190 beats per minute.
The heart pumps about 6 quarts (5.7 liters) of blood
throughout the body.
The heart is located in the center of the chest, usually
pointing slightly left.
ECG?
ELECTRO-CARDIO-GRAM

Electrocardiogram is also called an EKG or


ECG
It records the electrical activity of your heart
at rest and provides information about your
heart rate and rhythm
It is used to check for signs of heart disease
It records the electrical activity of the heart
through small electrode patches that a
technician attaches to the skin of your chest,
arms, and legs.
ECG
It is a painless, noninvasive way to help
diagnose many common heart problems in
people of all ages
are often done in a doctor's office, a clinic or
a hospital room
ECG machines are standard equipment in
operating rooms and ambulances
Some personal devices, such as smart
watches, offer ECG monitoring
Parts of an ECG
The standard ECG has 12 leads:
Six of the leads are considered “limb leads” because they
are placed on the arms and/or legs of the individual.
The other six leads are considered “precordial leads”
because they are placed on the torso (precordium).

The six limb leads are called lead I, II, III, aVL, aVR and
aVF
The six precordial leads are called leads V1, V2, V3, V4,
V5 and V6.
TYPES OF ECG:

Resting ECG Ambulatory ECG


Patient will be asked to lie down for this type Patient will be asked to wear a portable
of ECG. No movement is allowed during the recording device for at least 24 hours.
test, as electrical impulses generated by other Movement is allowed.It used for people
muscles may interfere with those generated whose symptoms are intermittent (stop-start)
by your heart. This type of ECG usually takes and may not show up on a resting ECG. it is
5 to 10 minutes also used for patients recovering from Heart
Attacks.
TYPES OF EEG: (cont.)

Implantable loop recorder


An implantable loop recorder is a type of
Exercise Stress Test (EST) heart-monitoring device that records your
heart rhythm continuously for up to three
This test is used to record your ECG while years. It records the electrical signals of your
you ride on an exercise bike or walk on a heart and allows remote monitoring by way of
treadmill. This type of ECG takes about 15 to a small device inserted just beneath the skin
30 minutes to complete. of the chest.
WHY IS ECG
DONE?
An ECG gives two major kinds of information:

1. by measuring time intervals on the ECG, a


doctor can determine how long the
electrical wave takes to pass through the
heart, which shows if the electrical activity
is normal or slow, fast or irregular
2. by measuring the amount of electrical
activity passing through the heart muscle, a
cardiologist may be able to find out if parts
of the heart are too large or are
overworked.
WHEN IS ECG REQUESTED?
ECG CAN BE REQUESTED FOR PEOPLE AT OTHER SYMPTOMS THAT MAY REQUIRE AN
RISK OF DEVELOPING HEARD DISEASES, ECG:
DUE TO: CHEST PAIN
FAMILY HISTORY SHORTNESS OF BREATH
SMOKING DIZZINESS
OBESITY AND OVERWEIGHT FAINTING
DIABETES FAST/ IRREGULAR HEARTBEATS
HIGH CHOLESTEROL LEVELS (PALPITATION)
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

ECGs are often performed to monitor the health of people who have
been diagnosed with heart problems, to help assess artificial cardiac
pacemakers or to monitor the effects of certain medications on the
heart.
ECG Procedure:
Before Starting:
No eating/ drinking restrictions before the procedure
All medications taken should be discussed with the Dr
Any allergies should be mentioned, specially towards the adhesive tapes that may be
used to attach electrodes
patient will be asked to remove their Tops. Any Metals close to the testing
The selected sites are shaved if necessary because hair prevents the electrodes from
making proper contact with the skin
skin should be clean, dry, and free of oils and lotions
DURING THE PROCEDUE:
Electrodes (sensors) are attached to the chest, arms and legs or sticky gel. These
electrodes detect the electrical currents generated by the heart – these are measured
and recorded by the electrocardiograph
ECG Procedure:
After the procedure:
The doctor can interpret the results ofpatient's ECG
straight away based on the medical history,
symptoms and clinical examination
Normal activities cae be resumed immediately. An
ECG doesn’t involve medications (such as sedating
medications) or require recovery time

ECG COMPLICATIONS:
The ECG is a safe procedure with no known risks
It does not send electric current to the body
Some people may be allergic or sensitive to the
electrodes, which can cause local skin reddening
NORMAL ECG READING:
The results of the ECG will determine what treatment is needed, if any.
Some of the various heart problems that can be diagnosed by ECG include:
Enlargement of the heart
Congenital heart defects involving the conducting (electrical) system
Abnormal rhythm (arrhythmia) – rapid, slow or irregular heart beats
Damage to the heart such as when one of the heart’s arteries is blocked
(coronary occlusion)
Poor blood supply to the heart
Abnormal position of the heart
Heart inflammation – pericarditis or myocarditis
Cardiac arrest during emergency room or intensive care monitoring
Disturbances of the heart’s conducting system
Imbalances in the blood chemicals (electrolytes) that control heart activity
Previous heart attacks.

A person with heart disease may have a normal ECG result if the condition does
not cause a disturbance in the electrical activity of the heart. Other diagnostic
methods may be recommended if heart disease is suspected.
Other tests for
heart problems
Other tests that help diagnose heart problems
include:
physical examination (listening to heart sounds)
chest x-rays
echo-cardiogram (ultrasound of the heart)
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or
computerized tomography (CT) scans of the chest
blood tests
cardiac cauterization (insertion of a catheter
through the blood vessels of the groin or wrist
into the heart).
SOURCES:
https://www.livescience.com/34655-human-heart.html

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/ecg-test

https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/diagnosing-a-heart-
attack/electrocardiogram-ecg-or-ekg

https://heart-ok.blogspot.com/2017/09/types-of-heart-rhythm-disorders.html

https://www.healio.com/cardiology/learn-the-heart/ecg-review/ecg-interpretation-
tutorial/introduction-to-the-ecg

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