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Chemistry Oral Question Answers

The document outlines fundamental concepts in chemistry, including the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) using water as an example, and distinguishes between elements and compounds. It explains types of chemical bonds (covalent and ionic), the behavior of gases with temperature, and characteristics of various groups in the periodic table, such as transition metals and alkaline earth metals. Additionally, it covers properties of isotopes, metalloids, and the nature of alloys.

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4 views3 pages

Chemistry Oral Question Answers

The document outlines fundamental concepts in chemistry, including the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) using water as an example, and distinguishes between elements and compounds. It explains types of chemical bonds (covalent and ionic), the behavior of gases with temperature, and characteristics of various groups in the periodic table, such as transition metals and alkaline earth metals. Additionally, it covers properties of isotopes, metalloids, and the nature of alloys.

Uploaded by

towfikhasansowad.kidstutorial
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. What are the three main states of matter? Use water as an example.

●​ Solid (ice): The particles are packed closely together in a fixed position. Ice holds its shape and
doesn’t flow.​

●​ Liquid (water): The particles are still close, but they can slide past each other. Water takes the
shape of its container and flows.​

●​ Gas (steam): The particles move quickly and are spread far apart. Steam fills the whole space
available.

2. What is the difference between an element and a compound?


●​ An element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom (e.g., oxygen, O₂).​

●​ A compound is a substance formed when two or more different atoms are chemically joined
together (e.g., water, H₂O).

3. How is a covalent bond different from an ionic bond? Give an example.


●​ A covalent bond is formed when atoms share electrons (e.g., in water, H₂O, hydrogen and
oxygen share electrons).​

●​ An ionic bond is formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom (e.g., in sodium
chloride, NaCl, sodium gives an electron to chlorine).

4. A balloon shrinks when placed in a freezer. What does this tell you about gases
and temperature?
●​ Gases expand when warm and contract when cold. In the freezer, the gas particles inside the
balloon move slower and come closer together, reducing the volume and causing the balloon
to shrink.

5. Why is air considered a mixture and not a compound?


●​ Air contains different gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide that are not chemically
bonded.​

●​ Since each gas keeps its own properties and can be separated easily, air is a mixture, not a
compound.

6. Magnesium has 2 outer electrons, chlorine has 7. How do they bond and what
do they form?
●​ Magnesium loses its 2 electrons, and each chlorine gains 1 electron.​

●​ They form MgCl₂, an ionic compound where magnesium becomes Mg²⁺ and each chlorine
becomes Cl⁻.

7. What are the three main subatomic particles in an atom?


●​ Protons – positively charged, found in the nucleus.​

●​ Neutrons – no charge (neutral), also in the nucleus.​

●​ Electrons – negatively charged, move around the nucleus in shells.

8. Why are ionic compounds usually solid and have high melting points?
●​ Ionic compounds have strong electrostatic forces between the positive and negative ions.​

●​ A large amount of energy is needed to break these strong bonds, so they are usually solid with
high melting points.

9. Carbon can form graphite and diamond. Why are their properties different?
●​ In diamond, each carbon bonds with 4 others, forming a strong 3D structure – very hard and
doesn’t conduct electricity.​

●​ In graphite, each carbon bonds with 3 others and has free electrons that can move, so it
conducts electricity and is soft.

10. What are transition metals? Give examples.


●​ Transition metals are found in the middle block of the periodic table.​

●​ They are shiny, strong, good conductors of heat and electricity, and can form colored
compounds.​

●​ Examples: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn).

11. What is an isotope?


●​ Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different
numbers of neutrons.​

●​ Example: Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 – both are carbon, but one is heavier.

12. Why does graphite conduct electricity but diamond does not?
●​ In graphite, each carbon has one free electron that moves through the structure, allowing
electricity to flow.​

●​ In diamond, all electrons are used in bonding, so there are no free electrons, and it cannot
conduct electricity.

13. Why are metalloids called semiconductors?


●​ Metalloids like silicon can partly conduct electricity — not as well as metals but better than
non-metals.​

●​ That’s why they are called semiconductors, and are used in electronics like computers and
phones.
14. What are the properties of alkaline earth metals?
●​ Found in Group 2 of the periodic table.​

●​ Have 2 electrons in their outer shell.​

●​ They are shiny, silvery-white, and somewhat reactive, especially with acids and water.​

●​ Examples: Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca).

15. Why is Group 0 unreactive?


●​ Group 0 elements (noble gases) have complete outer shells of electrons.​

●​ This makes them very stable and unreactive, as they don’t need to gain or lose electrons.

16. What’s the difference between solids, liquids, and gases?


●​ Solids: Fixed shape and volume; particles are tightly packed and only vibrate.​

●​ Liquids: No fixed shape, but fixed volume; particles slide over each other.​

●​ Gases: No fixed shape or volume; particles move freely and fill any space.

17. What is a giant covalent structure?


●​ A structure where millions of atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a large 3D network.​

●​ Examples: Diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide (sand) – very strong and high melting points.

18. Why are alkali metals reactive?


●​ Alkali metals (Group 1) have only 1 electron in their outer shell.​

●​ They easily lose that electron to become stable, which makes them very reactive, especially with
water.

19. What is an alloy? Give two examples.


●​ An alloy is a mixture of a metal with other elements, made to improve strength, appearance,
or resistance to rust.​

●​ Examples: Brass (copper + zinc), Steel (iron + carbon).

20. What is the atomic number?


●​ The atomic number tells us the number of protons in an atom.​

●​ It also tells us the identity of the element on the periodic table.

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