GRADE- X MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER-7
COORDINATE GEOMETRY

KEY CONCEPTS:
1. Co-ordinate Geometry: The branch of mathematics in which geometric problems are solved
through algebra, by using the co- ordinate system, is known as co-ordinate geometry.
2. Cartesian System: When a horizontal real number line and a vertical number line are placed
in a plane such that zero points of both coincide at point ‘O’, then the resulting configuration is
called the Cartesian system.
3. The Cartesian plane: The plane determined by the X and Y-axes is defined as the Cartesian
or coordinate plane. It is also known as XY-plane.
4. Axes: In the Cartesian plane the horizontal real number line is called as
X-axis and vertical real number is called as Y-axis.
The coordinate axes are rectangular axes because angle between them is a right angle.
5. Origin: The point of intersection of X and Y-axes is simply called as origin
‘O” or 0,0.
6. Coordinates of a point in a Cartesian plane:
The x-coordinate of a point is the perpendicular
distance from the y-axis measured along the X-
axis.

7. Abscissa: The x-coordinate is also called the

abscissa.
The y-coordinate of a point is the perpendicular
distance from the x-axis
measured along the y-axis.
8. Ordinate: The y-coordinate is also called the ordinate.
9. Example: In coordinate 7,10, abscissa is ‘7’ and ordinate is ‘10’.
10. Quadrant: The X and Y-axes divide the plane into four
regions. These regions are called quadrants, numbered
I , II , III and IV anti-clock wise from OX.
11. The region XOY is called the I st quadrant Q1 .
12. The region X 1OY is called the II nd quadrant Q2 .
13. The region X 1OY 1 is called the III rd quadrant Q3 .
14. The region XOY 1 is called the IV th quadrant Q4 .
15.Sign of coordinates depicts the quadrant in which it lies.

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 16.The coordinates of a point are of the form (+, +) in the first quadrant, (-, +) in the second
quadrant, (-, -) in the third quadrant and (+, -) in the fourth quadrant.
17.Collinear points: Three points A, B and C are collinear if the distances AB, BC, AC are such
that the sum of two distances is equal to the third.
18.For the given three points A, B and C
AB = BC = CA then ABC is an equilateral triangle
AB = BC or BC = CA or CA= AB then ABC is an isosceles triangle
AB ≠BC≠CA then ABC is a scalene triangle.
The sum of the squares of any two sides is equal to the square of the third side then it is a right
angled triangle.
19.For the given four points A, B, C and D
AB = BC = CD = DA, and AC = BD then ABCD is a square
AB = BC = CD = DA, and AC ≠ BD then ABCD is a rhombus
AB = CD, BC = DA, and AC = BD then ABCD is a rectangle
AB = CD, BC = DA, and AC ≠ BD then ABCD is a Parallelogram.
Note: Diagonals of a square, rhombus, rectangle and parallelogram always bisect each other.
Diagonals of a square and rhombus bisect each other at right angles.
20. Median: In a triangle the line segment drawn from vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side
is called median.
21. Centroid: The point of intersection of the medians of a triangle is called centroid. It is denoted
by “G. Centroid divides each median internally in the ratio 2:1.

FORMULAE:
1. If x ≠ y then (x, y) ≠ (y, x) and if (x, y) = (y, x) then x = y
2. Distance Formula: The distance between two points Px1 , y1  and Qx2 , y2  is
PQ  x2  x1 2   y2  y1 2 OR PQ  x1  x2 2   y1  y2 2
3. Distance of the point from the origin: The distance of the point from A(x, y) from the origin
is x2  y2
4. Section Formula: The coordinates of the points P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining
the points Ax1 , y1  and Bx2 , y2  internally in the ratio m1 : m2 are
 m x  m2 x1 m1 y2  m2 y1 
P( x, y)   1 2 , 
 m1  m2 m1  m2 

5. Midpoint of the line segment:

The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which is the midpoint of line segment joining the points
Ax1 , y1  and Bx2 , y2  are

 x  x2 y1  y 2 
P ( x, y )   1 ,
 2 2 
6. Centroid: If A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) are the vertices of a triangle then the coordinates
of the centroid are
 x  x  x3 y1  y 2  y3 
G 1 2 , 
 3 3 

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Multiple Choice Questions:
1. The distance between the points (a, b) from the origin is
(a) a  b (b) a  b (c) a2  b2 (d) a2  b2
2. The distance between the points (a, b) and ( -a, -b) is
(a) a 2  b 2 (b) a 2  b 2 (c) 2 a 2  b 2 (d) 2 a 2  b 2
3. The coordinates of the centre of a circle are (-6, 1.5). If the ends of a diameter are (-3, y) and (x, -2) is
(a) X=-9, y=5 (b) x=5, y=-9 (c) x=9, y=5 (d) x=-9, y=-5
4. If (3, 2), (4, K), and (5, 3) are collinear then K is equal to
3 2 5 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 5 2 5
1 1
5. If the points (p, 0) (0, q) and (1, 1) are Collinear then  is equal to
p q
(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0
6. Area of triangle enclosed between the coordinate axes with vertices (2, 0) and (0, 3) is
(a) 4 sq.u (b) 5 sq.u (c) 10 sq. u (d) none
7. The distance between the points (a+b, b+c) and (a-b, c-b) is
(a) 2 a 2  b 2 (b) 2 b 2  c 2 (c) 2 a 2  b 2 (d) 2 2b
8. Mid-point of the line segment joining the points (-5, 4) and ( 9,-8) is
(a) (-7, 6) (b) (2, -2) (c) (7, -6) (d) (2, -2)
9. The distance of a point (4, 7) from the x –axis is
(a) 4 (b) 7 (c) 11 (d) 65
10. The distance of a point (4, 7) from the y-axis is
(a) 4 (b) 7 (c) 11 (d) 65
11. The distance between A (1, 3) and B (x, 7) is 5. The value of x>0 is
(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 3
12. If the distance between the points (p, -5), (2, 7) is 13 units, then p is
(a) -3 or 7 (b) -7 or 3 (c) -3 or -7 (d) 3 or 7
13. If the points (t, 2t), (-2, 6) and (3, 1) are collinear, then t is
3 4 5 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 3 3 5
14. The perimeter of the triangle is formed by the points (0, 0), (1, 0) and (0,1) is
(a) 1  2 (b) 2  1 (c) 3 (d) 2  2
15. If two vertices of an equilateral triangle be (0, 0), (3, 3 ) is
(a) ( 2 3 ,0) (b) (0,2 3 ) (c) (3, 3 ) (d) b and c
16. The coordinates of the point P dividing the line segment joining the points A (1, 3) and B (4, 6) in
the ratio 2:1 are
(a) (2, 4) (b) (3, 5) (c) 4, 2) (d) (5, 3)
17. The distance between P(1, 3) and Q(x, 7) is 5. The possible values of x are
(a) 4, -2 (b) 3, 2 (c) 2, 4 (d) 2, 5
18. The coordinates of one of the points of trisection of the line segment joining the points P(7, -2) and
Q(1, -5) are
  1
(a)  5,  (b) (3, 5) (c) (5, -3) (d) (-5, -3)
 3 
19. The point on the x-axis which is equidistant from points (-1, 0) and (5, 0) is
(a) (0, 2) (b) (2, 0) (c) (3, 0) (d) (0, 3)

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 20. ABCD is a rectangle whose vertices are B (4, 0), C (4, 3) and D (0, 3). The length of one of its
diagonal is
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 25
21. The perpendicular distance of A (5, 12) from y-axis is
(a) 13 units (b) 5 units (c) 12 units (d) 17 units
22. If the points A (x, 2), B (-3, -4) and C (7, -5) are collinear, the value of x is
(a) -63 (b) 63 (c) 60 (d) -60
23. The three vertices of a parallelogram, taken in order are (6, 8), (3, 7), (-2, -2). The fourth vertex is
(a) (1, 1) (b) (1, 2) (c) (-1, -2) (d) (1, -1)
24. The x-axis divides the line segment joining the points (2, -3) and (5, 6) in the ratio
(a) 1:2 (b) 2:1 (c) 1:3 (d) 3:2
25. The y-axis divides the line segment joining the points (-4, 5) and (3, -7) internally in the ratio
(a) 2:7 (b) 3:7 (c) 4:3 (d) 3:4
26. The coordinates of the midpoint of the join of A(2, 1) and B(1, -3) are (x, y). the value of 6x+y-8=0
is
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) ±1
27. The distance of the point A(-5, 12) from the origin is
(a) 17 units (b) 7 units (c) 13 units (d) 3 units
28. If P(-1, 1) is the midpoint of the line segment joining A(-3, b) and B(1, b+4), the value of b is
(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 2 (d) 0
29. A (5, 1) , B (1, 5) and C ( -3, -1) are the vertices of ΔABC. The length of its median AD is
(a) 34 (b) 35 (c) 37 (d) 6
30. Two vertices of a parallelogram are (-2, -3) and (4, -1) and centroid is at the origin. The coordinates
of the third vertex of a triangle are
(a) (-2, 4) (b) (2, -3) (c) (3, 2) (d) (-2, -3)
31. The line segment joining the points (3, 5) and (-4, 2) is divided by y-axis in the ratio
(a) 5:3 (b) 3:5 (c) 4:3 (d) 3:4
32. If A ( 5, 3), B ( 11, -5) and P (12, y) are the vertices of a right angled triangle at P, then y is
(a) -2, 4 (b) -2, -4 (c) 2, -4 (d) 2, 4
33. The following vertices of a quadrilateral (3, 5) , (7, 9), (11, 5) and (7, 1) are
(a) Square (b) Rhombus (c) Parallelogram (d) Rectangle
34. The ratio in which the line 2 x  3 y  5  0 divides the line segment joining the points (8, -9) and
(2, 1) is
(a) 8:1 (b) 1:8 (c) 9:1 (d) 1:9

ASSERTION – REASON TYPE

Each of the following contains Assertion and Reason has following four choices (a), (b), (c)
and (d), only one of which is the correct answer. Mark the correct answer.
(a) Both assertion(A) and reason(R) are true and reason(R) is the correct explanation of
assertion(A).
(b) Both assertion(A) and reason(R) are true but reason(R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion(A).
(c) Assertion(A) is true but reason(R) is false.
(d) Assertion(A) is false but reason(R) is true.
22. Assertion: The point ( 6, 0) lies on y-axis
Reason: The ordinate of the point on x-axis is zero.
23. Assertion: Three points A, B, C are such that AB+AC = BC, then they are collinear.
Reason: Three points are collinear if they lie on a straight line.
24. Assertion: If the points A (4,3) and B(x,5) lie on a circle with centre O (2,3), then the value of
x is 2
Reason: Centre of a circle is the mid-point of each chord of the circle.

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25. Assertion: If a  b  c  0 ,then the centroid of the triangle whose vertices are
P(a, b), Q(b, c) and R(c, a) is at the origin.
Reason: the coordinates of the centroid of the triangle whose vertices are
 x  x  x y  y2  y3 
A( x1 , y1 ), B( x2 , y2 ) and C ( x3 , y3 ) are  1 2 3 , 1 .
 3 3 
26. Assertion: If the coordinates of the mid-points of sides AB and AC of ABC are D(3,5) and
E(-3,-3) respectively, then BC=20 units.
Reason: The line segment joining the mid-points of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the
third side.
Very short answer type questions:
1. Find the value of a so that point (3, a) lies on the line represented by 2x-3y=5.
8  2 
2. Find the distance between the points  ,2  and  ,2  .
 5  5 
3. If the midpoint of the line segment joining the points P6, b  2 and Q 2,4 is 2,3 , find the value of
b.
4. If A (1, 2), B((4, 3) and C (6, 6) are the three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD, find the coordinates of
the fourth vertex.
5. Find the distance between the points A (c, 0) and B (0, -c).
6. Find the midpoint of the line segment joining the points P (-3, 8) and Q (7, 4).
7. Find the coordinates of the centroid of a triangle whose vertices are (0, 6), (8, 12) and (8, 0).
8. Find the radius of the circle whose end points of diameter are (-4, 1) and (2, -3).
9. Find the value of k , if P (4,2) is the midpoint of the line segment joining the points A5k ,3 and
B k ,7 .
10. ABCD is a rectangle whose vertices are B (4, 0), C (4, 3) and D (0, 3). Find the length of one of its
diagonals.
11. Find a relation between x and y such that the point (x, y) is equidistant from the points (7, 1) and (3, 5).
12. If x is a positive integer such that the distance between the points P (x, 2) and Q (3, -6) is 10 units, then
find x.
13. The coordinate of one end point of a diameter of a circle are (4, -1) and the coordinates of the centre are
(1, -3). Find the coordinates of the other end of the diameter.

Short answer questions:

1. Find the ratio in which the y-axis divides the line segment joining the points (5, -6) and (-1, -4).
2. Find a point on y-axis which is equidistant from the points A (6, 5) and B (-4, 3).
3. If (-2, -1), (a, 0), (4, b) and (1, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram, find the values of a and b.
4. In what ratio does the line x-y-2=0 divide the line segment joining the (3, -1) and (8, 9)?
5. If the point C (-1, 2) divides the line segment AB in the ratio 3:4, where the coordinates of A are (2, 5),
find the coordinates of B.
6. If the distances of P (x, y) from the points A (3, 6) and B ( -3, 4) are equal, prove that 3x+y=5.
3
7. The point R divides the line segment AB where A (-4, 0) , B ( 0, 6) are such that AR  AB . Find the
4
coordinates of R.
8. Find the area of a rhombus whose vertices taken in order are the points (3, 0), (4, 5), (-1, 4) and (-2, -1).
9. If C is a point lying on the line segment AB joining the points A (1, 1) and B (2, -3) such that
3AC = CB, find the coordinates of C.
10. If A (4, 3), B (-1, y) and C (3, 4) are the vertices of a right triangle ABC, right angled at A, find the value
of y.

Long answer questions:

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1. Find the vertices of a triangle, the mid points of whose sides are (3, 1), (5, 6) and (-3, 2).
2. If the midpoint of the line joining (3, 4) and k ,7  is x, y  and 2 x  2 y  1  0 , find the value of k .
3. Determine the ratio in which the line 3x  y  9  0 divides the segment joining the points (1, 3) and
(2, 7).
4. Show that the points A (1, 2) , B (5, 4) , C (3, 8) and D (-1, 6) are the vertices of a square.
AP 1
5. Point P divides the line segment joining the points A(2, 1), B(5, -8) such that  . If p lies on the
AB 3
line 2 x  y  k  0 , find the value of k .
CASE STUDY – BASED QUESTIONS
Case Study-1:
Students of residential society undertake to work for the campaign “Say no to plastics”. Group A
took the region under the coordinates (3, 3), (6, y), (x, 7) and (5, 6) and group B took the region
under the coordinates (1, 3), (2, 6), (5, 7) and (4, 4).
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) If region covered by group A forms a parallelogram, where the coordinates are taken in
the order, then find the values of x and y.
(ii) Find the perimeter of the region covered by group A.
(iii) If the coordinates of region covered by group B taken in the same order forms a
quadrilateral, then find length of each of its diagonals.
(OR)
Find the coordinates of the point which divides the join of points P(3,3) and
Q(5,6) internally in the ratio 5:2 .
Case Study-2:
The Chief Minister of Delhi launched the “Switch Delhi”, an
electric vehicle mass awareness campaign in the national capital.
The Government has also issued tenders for setting up 100 charging
stations across the city. Each station will have 5 charging points. For demo, charging station
is set up along a straight line and has charging points at A(-7, 0), B(0, 8), C(3, 5), D(8, 3)
and E(x, y). Also, the distance between C and E is 10 units.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) What is the distance between B and D?
(ii) Find the midpoint of A and C.
(iii) In what ratio does B divide the line segment joining the points A and C.
(OR)
What is the relation between x and y.
Case Study-3:
According to medical science and research, keeping an aquarium in the
house helps in treating stress, anxiety and health problems associated with
blood pressure. It also provides visual stimulation that boost your focus
and creativity. A sketch of an aquarium drawn, which is given in the
following figure. Considering P as origin.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions:
(i) Find the coordinates of E.

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(ii) Find the length of side HG.
(iii) Find the ratio in which y-axis divides the line segment joining the points D and B.
(OR)
(iv) If Q is considered as origin, then find the coordinates of mid-point of BC.

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