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The presentation discusses renewable and non-renewable energy sources, highlighting the benefits of solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal energy, which are sustainable and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It contrasts these with non-renewable sources like fossil fuels and nuclear energy, which are finite and environmentally harmful. The conclusion emphasizes the ongoing transition towards renewable energy to mitigate the negative impacts of non-renewable sources.

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Bindu Reddy
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0 views6 pages

Script Science

The presentation discusses renewable and non-renewable energy sources, highlighting the benefits of solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal energy, which are sustainable and help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It contrasts these with non-renewable sources like fossil fuels and nuclear energy, which are finite and environmentally harmful. The conclusion emphasizes the ongoing transition towards renewable energy to mitigate the negative impacts of non-renewable sources.

Uploaded by

Bindu Reddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction-Good afternoon everyone.

Today I, Prisha Rathi


along with my group members Dhanvi, Omar, Ghanashyam will be
presenting a PPT on Renewable and non renewable sources of
energy.

Renewable Sources:
Renewable energy sources are natural resources that
replenish themselves over a relatively short time and can be
used repeatedly to produce energy. They play a key role in
reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate
change.
First up we have solar energy,
Now we all know that its source is the sun which provides an
abundant and consistent supply of energy through sunlight.
Now how does solar energy work?
• Photovoltaic (PV) Systems: Solar panels use semiconductor
materials (like silicon) to convert sunlight directly into
electricity through the photovoltaic effect.
• Solar Thermal Systems: Mirrors or lenses concentrate
sunlight to heat a fluid. This heat is then used to generate
steam, which drives turbines to produce electricity.
• Passive Solar Design: Buildings are designed to use sunlight
for lighting and heating without additional mechanical
systems.
For its advantages we have:
1.Infinite source of Energy.
2.Low opening costs after installation.
One of the examples is Bhadla Solar Park (India) which is one
of the largest solar farms globally.
Now, wind energy
As the name suggests, wind energy is produce through the
kinetic energy of moving air.
Again, now how does it work?So we have-
1.Wind Turbines: The winds turns the blades of a turbine, which
are connected to a rotor. The rotor spins a generator to
produce electricity.
2.Onshore vs. Offshore: Wind farms can be located on land
(onshore) or in bodies of water (offshore), where winds are
generally stronger and more consistent. Talking about
offshore wind farms, an example can be the Hornsea Wind
Farm which is in UK.
Now coming to advantages:
1.Highly scalable : From small installations to large farms.
2.Zero emissions during operation.
Coming to Hydropower, it source is the energy of moving or
falling water.:
•How does it work?
1.Dams: Water is stored in reservoirs and released through
turbines to generate electricity.
2.Run-of-River Systems: Utilize natural water flow without
large reservoirs.
3.Pumped Storage: Excess energy is used to pump water
uphill, which is later released to generate electricity during
peak demand.
Its advantages are:
1.Reliable and consistent energy source.
2.Ability to store energy in reservoirs.
One of the most iconic hydropower plant is the Hoover dam in
USA
Lets talk about geothermal energy now: Its all basically about
organic materials like plant matter, agricultural waste, and
animal by-products.
Again, how does it work?
1.Geothermal Power Plants: Wells are drilled into geothermal
reservoirs to extract steam or hot water, which drives
turbines connected to generators.
2.Direct Use: Hot water from geothermal sources is used
directly for heating buildings, greenhouses, and industrial
processes.
3.Geothermal Heat Pumps: Use stable underground
temperatures to heat and cool buildings.
Its advantages are:
1.Reliable base-load power source.
2.Small land footprint.

Coming to Non renewable sources


Non-renewable energy sources are natural resources that
exist in finite quantities or are replenished much more slowly
than they are consumed. These sources have historically been
the backbone of global energy systems, but they contribute
significantly to environmental challenges like greenhouse gas
emissions and resource depletion.
Firstly we have fossil fuels,
Now we all know that fossil fuels are one of the major sources
of non renewable energy.
So what exactly are fossil fuels?
•Fossil fuels are carbon-based energy sources formed from
the remains of ancient plants and animals. Over millions of
years, these remains were subjected to heat, pressure, and
geological processes, resulting in coal, oil, and natural gas.
These fuels are finite resources, meaning they will eventually
run out if consumption continues at current rates.
Some examples of fossil fuels are –
Coal-
•Formation:
1.Coal forms from decomposed plant material buried under
sediment layers.
2.Over millions of years, heat and pressure transform this
material into carbon rich deposits.
What are its applications?
1.Electricity generation
2.Industrial processes (steel and cement production)
3.Heat source for manufacturing.
Talking about its environmental impacts:
1.Produces high levels of CO₂
2.Releases pollutants like SO₂ and nitrogen oxides, leading to
acid rain and smog.
3.Mining operations destroy ecosystems and landscapes.
Lets now talk about oil, or commonly known as petroleum
another type of fossil fuel:
•Formation:
1.Crude oil forms from tiny marine organisms(like plankton)
that sank to the ocean floor millions of years ago.
2.Buried under sediment layers, heat and pressure transform
this organic matter into liquid hydrocarbons.
•Applications:
1.Transportation (cars, airplanes, ships, trains).
2.Heating (oil heaters, industrial boilers).
3.Petrochemical industry (plastics, fertilizers, synthetic fibers).
•Environmental Impact:
1.Burning oil products Carbon di-oxide and other pollutants.
2.Oil spills during extraction or transportation devastates
ecosystems.
3.Extraction often involves environmentally invasive
techniques,
Nuclear Energy:
•Formation:
1.Uranium is a naturally occurring radioactive element found in
small quantities in the earth’s crust
•Applications:
1.Electricity generation
2.Research reactors for producing medical isotopes
•Environmental Impact
1.Produces no direct Co2 during operation.
2.Risk of catastrophic failures.
3.Radio waste remains hazardous for thousands of years and
requires secure disposal.
Now, we all know that non renewable sources of energies are
not good for our planet….So why do we still use them?
Because of how it helps in building Infrastructure, cheaper
costs, energy densities and base load power.
•The Transition to Renewable Energy
1.Governments and industries are working to reduce
dependence on non-renewables by:
2.Investing in renewable sources like solar, wind, and
hydropower.
3.Enhancing energy efficiency in industries and households.
4.Implementing carbon capture and storage (CCS)
technologies.
5.Phasing out coal plants and incentivizing electric vehicles
(EVs).
Conclusion-
Thank you

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